jpf
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Egyptian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Plural form of pf.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ipɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: ipef
Determiner
[edit]| |
m pl distal demonstrative determiner
Usage notes
[edit]This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows or precedes the noun it describes.
In Old Egyptian it forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative jpn, in which jpf is distal.
By Middle Egyptian it is obsolete.
In Old Egyptian this form is also used for the dual. Traditionally this is interpreted as a summary writing of a special dual form *jpfj. An alternative possible interpretation is that there simply was no distinction between the masculine dual and plural demonstrative determiners.
Inflection
[edit]Old Egyptian demonstratives
| determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
| gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
| proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
| distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
| proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
| vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
| ||||||||
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
| masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
| determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
| possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
| definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | |||
| indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 | ||||
| ||||||
Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jpf
| ||
| pf | ||
| uncommon |
References
[edit]- “jpf (lemma ID 850229)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 69.11
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 17
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, § 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1929) The Plural and Dual in Old Egyptian, Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, § 59, pages 60–61
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN