na

na

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Nauruan.

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

From Middle English na, from Old English nā, from Old English ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). More at no.

na (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Not.
2. (obsolete) No.

Development of Etymology 1, above; compare nah.

na

1. (Geordie, Scotland) No.

   Na, yor wrang.

   Na, ye cannet watch telly.

   “Divn’t yee like milk?” “Na.”

• Frank Graham, editor (1987), “NA”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “na”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

na

1. (linguistics) Abbreviation of noun animate.

Borrowed from Tagalog na.

na (not comparable)

1. (Philippines, slang) Now; already.

   You need to sleep na.

   I have to go na.

Borrowed from Hindi ना (nā).

na (not comparable)

1. (North India, slang) Isn't it?

   It is far na?

• nad
• ni
• nid
• nah
• na-na
• na-na na-na boo-boo
• na-adjective

• -an, A/N, AN, An, a(n), an, an', an-

na

1. to be (exist)

• nakeuh
• hana

From Proto-Indo-European *nō̆s (“we”).

na

1. (Gheg) we

• ne, në

na

1. the

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + feminine singular article la (“the”).

na f (masculine nel, neuter no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

• IPA^(key): [náà]

na

1. stew

na (tone nà)

1. auxiliary marker for future tense

   sini, i bɛ na taa sugu jɔ

   You will go to the market tomorrow

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

• IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪a]

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. already

   Naghali na po siya sa harong.

   S/he already left the house.

2. yet (only in questions)

   Tapos ka na?

   Are you finished yet?

3. anymore

   Dai na niya kayang tioson.

   S/he can't endure it anymore.

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. connects consonant ending noun or adjective to a noun or adjective that it modifies

   Synonym: -ng

   Bilog na bulan ― Whole month

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)

1. about to; bound to

   Madya na, mapuon na kita.

   Come on, we're about to start.

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Zia na.

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

na

1. I

na

1. thing

• H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
• W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

• IPA^(key): /na/

na

1. copula for nouns and adjectives
   • 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎^[1], 0:57–0:59:

     MUSIC NA THE KEY SO I NODI PLAY

     Music is the key so I am not engaging in play.

2. a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
   • 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎^[2], 1:39–1:42:

     I go make you number one for ma list because
     Na you be the hardest

     I will make you the number one of my list by reason that, behold, you are the hardest.

From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).

• (Central) IPA^(key): /nə/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /na/

na f sg (elided n', masculine en)

1. (Eastern) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la

   En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.

   Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

• While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.

• dona

na

1. root of ena

• Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈn̪a]

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (after an adjective) marks that something is already the case when it wasn't so before; is now

   Antonym: pa

   puti na ang balay

   the house is now colored white

   lahi na ang panahon karon

   things are now different these days

2. (after verb in the inchoative^[1] aspect) marks verb as completed; have, already (perfect aspect)

   niadto na siya ― he has gone out already

   1. (+ negator "wala") indicates that an ongoing action has stopped or no longer happening; not anymore

      wala na siya nikaon ― he did not eat anymore

3. (after verb in the prospective aspect) marks something that will happen very soon; about to

   moadto na siya ― he is about to go out

   1. (+ negator "dili") indicates that an anticipated or habitual action is discontinued; will not ... anymore

      dili na siya moinom ― he does not drink (alcohol) anymore

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)

1. (after pronouns or names) indicates a shift in the performance of a task to the person as mentioned

   Antonym: pa

   ikaw na ― it's your turn

   si Tonyo na ― it's Tonyo's turn

na

1. I

Borrowed from Portuguese na, contraction of em a.

• IPA^(key): /na/, [na]

na

1. indirect object marker: to

   Ya dale yo todos na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.

2. used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at

   Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.

3. used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
4. used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
5. used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of

Inherited from Old Czech na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): [ˈna]

• Audio:

  (file)

na

1. on, onto (direction, + accusative case)

   Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.

2. on (location, + locative case)

   Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.

3. to (direction, + accusative case, used only with certain places (do + genitive is more common))

   Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.

4. at, in (location, + locative case, used only with certain places (v is more common))

   Jsme na poště. ― We're at the post office.

5. for (purpose, + accusative case)

   Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.

6. at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

   Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!

• “na”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “na”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

From Latin nōn.

na

1. no
2. not

• naun
• non

From Sanskrit नव (nava).

na

1. (Aleppo, cardinal number) nine

• Bruno Herin (2012) “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery‎^[3], volume 10, number 2, →DOI

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.

na

1. you (sg.)

• Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎^[4], Santa Barbara: University of California

• IPA^(key): /naː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na
• Rhymes: -aː

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

na

1. after

   Antonym: voor

2. (op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.

   Brazilië is met zijn 8,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer het grootste land van Zuid-Amerika en het op vier na grootste ter wereld.

   With its 8.5 million square kilometers, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world.

   Naast dat de toonladder een kenmerkend gegeven is, zijn er ook bepaalde tonen, die een speciale rol hebben, zoals de vadi en de samvadi, respectievelijk: de belangrijkste en de op een na belangrijkste toon.

   Next to [the fact] that the musical scale is a characteristic datum, there are also certain tones that have a special role, such as the vadi and the samvadi: respectively the most important and second most important tones.

• Afrikaans: na
• Negerhollands: na, a
  • → Virgin Islands Creole: na

From Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

na (comparative nader, superlative naast)

1. close

The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.

Declension of na
uninflected	na
inflected	naë
comparative	nader
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial			nader	het naast het naaste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	naë	nadere	naaste
	n. sing.	na	nader	naaste
	plural	naë	nadere	naaste
definite		naë	nadere	naaste
partitive		na's	naders	—

na

1. (dialectal) Archaic form of naar.

na

1. first person; I

• naha

Presumably from Russian на (na) and Polish na; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).

• IPA^(key): [na]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na

na

1. (neologism, rare, nonstandard, proscribed) Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.

   Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.

   I read Gerda Disappeared.

Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu (“one”)), particles (iom (“some”), kies (“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + feminine article a (“the”).

• IPA^(key): /nɐ/

na f (masculine no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

From a mutation of a.

na f (accusative)

1. Alternative form of a (“her”)

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

• a
• la
• no

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “na”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

• IPA^(key): /na(ː)/
• Rhymes: -aː
• Homophones: nah, Narr (latter regional)

Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu.

na

1. well!, so!; used to introduce a statement

   Na, dann fangen wir mal an!

   So, let’s get started!

   Ich bin ein Narr? Na, du auch!

   I am a clown? Well, so are you!

2. oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration

   Na, das ist ja nett, dass ihr vorbeikommt!

   Oh, that’s nice of you to come by!

   Na? Ob das so stimmt...

   Huh? Not sure if that’s correct...

   Na! Warum will das denn jetzt wieder nicht?

   Och! Why does this thing not work yet again?

   Na toll! Kein Empfang.

   Oh great! No signal.

3. (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer

   Was ist zwei plus drei? Na?

   What’s two plus three? Huh?

4. (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”

   Na! Lang nicht gesehen!

   Hey! Long time no see!

   Na! Wie geht’s?

   Hi! How are you?

• na klar
• na und
• nanu

A variant of nein.

na

1. (regional, chiefly southern Germany and Austria) Alternative form of nein (“no”)

   Na. Das geht net.

   No. That doesn’t work.

• an

From Portuguese na. Cognate with Kabuverdianu na.

na

1. at
2. in
3. on

na

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)

• Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro, The Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hamap People in Change, page 198, 2008

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

na

1. for, belonging to, by

• Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -nɒ

na

1. well, so, hey

   Na, nem baj. ― Well, no problem.

   Itt van Péter. – Na és? ― “Peter is here.” “So what?”

   Na, gyerünk! ― Alright, let's go!

   Na, ne mondj ilyet! ― Hey, don't say that!

   Na, ez fáj! ― Hey, that hurts!

• (Compound words):
  • nahát
  • nana
  • naná

• na in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: na

na

1. here! there you go! (said when handing something over)

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 331

• IPA^(key): /n̪ˠə/

na (definite article)

1. genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)

   na háite ― of the place

2. nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)

   na héin ― the birds

   ó na cailíní ― from the girls

3. genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)

   na bpáistí ― of the children

na

1. Nonstandard form of ina
   • 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:

     Bhí Áindrías an Ime na chomhnaidhe i mBaile ui Mún i nGleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

     Áindrías of the Butter lived in Ballymoon in Gleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
na	not applicable	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

• → Yola: na

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “na”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “na”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

na

1. The hiragana syllable な (na) or the katakana syllable ナ (na) in Hepburn romanization.

From Portuguese na.

na

1. at
2. in
3. on

• IPA^(key): /nə/ [nə]
• Hyphenation: na

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

na

1. 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its

   Bayu ya ing bale na.

   Her/his house is new.

   Nanu ing seli na?

   What did s/he buy?

Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

na

1. (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations

   Na munta ka?

   Hey, are you going?

   Na dimdam me?

   Hey, did you hear?

na

1. (informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis

   Makanini namu siguru na?

   Maybe it is what it is, isn't it?

   Nokarin nakaman munta na?

   Where are you going, huh?

na

1. connects adjectives to nouns

   Malairo na banwa.

   the blue sky.

   kakatua na tau.

   A strange person.

na

1. already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)

   Yari na.

   Finished already.

   Munta naka.

   Are you going now?.

2. already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

   Matudtud na.

   Slept already.

   Sinali na.

   Bought already.

3. already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)

   Lungub nakata.

   Let's go in already.

   Pepasali nakung panulu.

   I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

• на (Cyrillic)

From Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. here you are! take it!

na

1. water

• SIL Burkina Faso, Dictionnaire bilingue kassem - français, 2007

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Synonym: nó

2. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. emphatic particle used with imperatives to speed up a performed action; c'mon, now

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “na”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 110
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 1”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[5], volume 2, page 2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 2”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[6], volume 2, page 2
• “na”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• “na!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

na

1. (instrumental) with^[1]

   Gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ.

   To cut with a mouth is not to cut with a knife.

2. (comitative) and, with^[1]

   Ikinya na thĩ itiaganaga.

   The foot and the earth cannot help meeting.

3. (source) from^[1]

   Synonym: kuuma

   Wega uumaga na mũciĩ.

   Goodness comes from home.

4. but^[1]

   Kanua njero, na mũciĩ ndũkomeka nĩ heho.

   The mouth is sweet, but the house is too cold to lie at.

na

1. (in compounds) woman

• Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 372, 591. →ISBN

na f

1. an, a

• n'

• n

• nalde (Monastir)

From Greek να (na), from Ancient Greek ἤν (ḗn).

na (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling נה)

1. here! behold! there!

na

1. and

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /naː/, [näː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /na/, [näː]

nā

1. imperative singular of nō, swim!

• na in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Of native Bobangi origin (compare Swahili na), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbo na, Krio na.

na

1. with, and
2. in, at
3. of (form of ya before personal pronouns)

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

na

1. (with locative) on, in
2. (with accusative) on, onto

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “na_2”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “na”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

na

1. and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)

• ne

The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.

From Portuguese na, itself from Old Galician-Portuguese na. Semantically, compare Chavacano na.

na

1. in

   botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper

   Já levâ ung'a perada na cara qui ficó vangueado.

   The ball hit him so hard in the face that he fainted.

2. at

   na casa ― at home

   na festa ― at the party

3. on

   estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground

• As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
• Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.

• têm na trâs di porta (“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)

Possibly a reduced form of Portuguese ainda.

• nâ

na

1. still, yet

   Já cavâ fazê liçam di casa? Nunca nâ, faltâ três folia

   Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet, I still have three pages

   Ela tâ assí chistosa na? Certo, iou-sa Marichai dia-a-dia tâ más bunita

   She still looks so pretty, doesn't she? Of course, my Marichai gets prettier by the day

Borrowed from Cantonese 嗱 (naa⁴).

• nâ, ná

na

1. here!, here you go, here you are (offering something to the listener)

na

1. emphatic particle

   Cudí ná! ― Help!

   Vai racolê nâ! ― Get lost!

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

• Audio:

  (file)

na (na⁵／na⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄋㄚ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶／呐
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哪

na

1. Nonstandard spelling of nā.
2. Nonstandard spelling of ná.
3. Nonstandard spelling of nǎ.
4. Nonstandard spelling of nà.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

• IPA^(key): /naː/

From Old Dutch nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

na

1. towards
2. behind
3. after, following, later than
4. in accordance with, based on

na

1. afterwards, later
2. close, near

• Dutch: na
  • Afrikaans: na
• Limburgish: nao

From Old Dutch *nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

nâ

1. close

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

• “na (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “na (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “na (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

From Proto-Central Chadic *nɨh.

na

1. to ripen

• S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
• R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic

Feminine form of nu, from Latin ūnus.

• n' (before words starting with a vowel)

From Latin ūna.

na f sg

1. a, an

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Related to ne.

• Rhymes: -ɑː

na

1. no

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

-na

1. to rain

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈna/

na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[7], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

na

1. to rain

From Old Norse hana, the accusative form of hon (“she”). Compare with Swedish na. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.

na

1. (dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho

• It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.

• a
• hu

na

1. Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
   • Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
   • Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
   • but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?

• ina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈna/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈna/

na

1. on, onto (direction, + accusative case)

   I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. on (location, + locative case)
3. for (purpose, + accusative case)
4. at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

• Czech: na

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “na”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

• nō

From Proto-West Germanic *nai (“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne (“not”) and ā (“ever”).

• IPA^(key): /nɑː/

nā

1. not

   Nis þæt nā rēad, ac is grēne.

   That's not red, it's green.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 22:17

     Is hit ālīefed þæt man Cāsere gafol selle, þe nā?

     Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

   • c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"

     Dryhten nis nā ōðrum mannum tō wiþmetenne.

     The Lord is not comparable to other people.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”

     Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”

2. no

   Þæt iċ cwæþ for þon āne þe iċ nā bet nysse.

   I only said that because I didn't know any better (literally "no better").

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"

     Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

     Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897

     Þȳ ilcan sumora forwearþ nā lǣs þonne twēntiġ sċipa be þǣm sūðriman.

     That same summer, no less than twenty ships perished on the south coast.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"

     Þā cwæð eall sēo meniu þe ðǣr mid stōd ofwundrod þæt sē cwellere ne sceolde swencan hī nā leng...

     Then said all the multitude who stood there astonished,that the executioner should vex her no longer,...

1. (poetic) never

nā

1. not
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"

     Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtiġ ǣlce dæġe fētt ealne middanġeard þonne þæt wundor wǣre þæt hē þā ġefylde fīf þūsende manna mid fīf hlāfum—ac þæs wundrodon menn nā for þȳ þæt hit māre wundor wǣre, ac for þȳ þæt hit wæs unġewunelīċ.

     It's more of a miracle that God Almighty feeds the whole world every day than that he fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread—but that amazed people not because it was more miraculous, but because it was unusual.

• (conjunction): næs

• nā þæt

• English: no
• Geordie English: ne, naw
• Scots: nae, naw

• nān
• nāwiht
• ne
• nese

From Proto-West Germanic *nai, equivalent to a blend of ne (“not”) +‎ ā (“ever”). Akin to Old English nā.

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

nā

1. never

• West Frisian: nea

nā

1. no

• Saterland Frisian: noa

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

nā (+ dative)

1. Alternative form of nēi

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /n͈a/

na (triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)

1. Aphetic form of inna (“the (various inflected forms)”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈a/

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

1. Aphetic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈a/

na

1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈aː/

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)

1. Alternative spelling of ná (“don’t”)

• IPA^(key): /n͈aː/

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)

1. (chiefly in the negative) Alternative spelling of ná (“or, nor”)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /na/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /na/

na

1. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
2. denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [with accusative]
3. denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [with accusative]
4. denotes a goal or purpose; for [with accusative]
5. used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [with accusative or locative]
6. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
7. denotes a period of time; during [with locc]
8. denotes frequency; per [with case]
9. denotes location with events; at [with locative]
10. denotes manner [with accusative]

• Polish: na
• Silesian: na

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

• nda
• n'-, nd'- (before a vowel)

na

1. forms the negative of verbs and adjectives [with -i]
2. forms the negative of nouns [with ruã]
3. hopefully; if only [with ruã ymã]
4. shall not stop [with -e'ymi]
   • 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 34v:

     […] naipotareîmixoéne […]

     [ […] n'aîpotare'ymi xûéne […] ]

     I shall not stop wanting it.

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “na”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 325, columns 1–2

Inherited from Sanskrit न (na).

na

1. no, not

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

na

1. (demonstrative) that

• ta

• ena (“this”)
• nā (“her”)

na m or n

1. (demonstrative) that
2. him, it
3. (in the plural) them
   • 2006, The Fifth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (II)‎^[8], page 558:

     පුන ච පරං භන‍්තෙ, ඉමෙ ඉසිදත‍්තපුරාණා ථපතයො මමභත‍්තා
     මමයානා අහං නෙසං ජීවිතස‍්ස පදාතා යසස‍්ස ආහත‍්තා අථ ච පන
     නො තථා මයි නිපච‍්චාකාරං කරොන‍්ති යථා භගවති.

     Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā
     mamayānā ahaṃ nesaṃ jīvitassa padātā yasassa āhattā atha ca pana
     no tathā mayi nipaccākāraṃ karonti yathā bhagavati.

     Furthermore, sir, these chamberlains Isidatta and Purāṇa share my meals and my carriages. I give them a livelihood and bring them renown. And yet they don’t show me the same level of devotion that they show to the Buddha.

Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.

• ta

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

From Portuguese na and Kabuverdianu na.

na

1. at
2. in
3. inside
4. on

From Dutch naar.

na

1. to
2. towards

From Sanskrit न (na, “not”).

• IPA^(key): /na/

na (negating, Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

1. not
2. don't

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /na/

na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

1. no!

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

-na

1. to rain

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Inherited from Old Polish na.

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na
• Homophone: -na

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.

2. denotes location with events; at [with locative]

   Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.

3. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

   Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!

4. denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [with accusative]

   Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.

5. denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [with accusative]

   lek na grypę ― flu medication

   na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.

6. denotes frequency; per [with accusative]

   pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second

7. denotes manner [with accusative or adverb]

   pasażer na gapę ― stowaway

   deser na kwaśno ― sour dessert

8. (mathematics) surjective usage; onto [with accusative]

na (not comparable, no derived adverb)

1. (mathematics) onto; surjective

na

1. (obsolete or dialectal, Far Masovian) take it! here!

   Coordinate term: (dialectal, plural) nata

• When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja „na”.

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• na in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• na in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “NA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 29.01.2012
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 1
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “na”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 115

• Hyphenation: na

From Old Galician-Portuguese na, clipping of ena, from en (“in”) + a (“the”).

na f sg

2. Contraction of em a (“in the”): feminine singular of no
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:

     Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!

     I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

na

1. at
2. in

na

2. Alternative form of a (third-person feminine singular objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong

• This form is not found in Brazilian speech.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.

na

1. I

From Sanskrit न (na, “no”).

na

1. not

na

1. right?; tag question

na

1. no

• Dieter W. Halwachs (2021 September 19 (last accessed)) “Morphology”, in Romani Projekt Graz‎^[11], archived from the original on 13 April 2016
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “na”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152

Cognate to Bulgarian на (na), from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): /na/
• Rhymes: -a

na

1. here you are! take it!

• na in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

na

1. he / she

na

1. and

• IPA^(key): (etymologies 1-3) /na/, (etymologies 4-7) /nə/

Univerbation of an (“in”) +‎ a (“his/her”).

na (+ dative)

1. (triggers lenition) in his; in its
2. (triggers H-prothesis) in her; in its

From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

na

1. than

From Old Irish ná.

na

1. don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

   Na bruidhinn!

   Do not speak!

2. particle used to emphasise a negative reply to a question

   An do rinn iad e Disathairne? – Cha do rinn na!

   Did they do it on Saturday? – They certainly did not!

From Old Irish a (“that which”).

na

1. all that, that which, whatever, what

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

na (triggers H-prothesis)

2. inflection of an (“the”):
   1. genitive singular feminine
   2. nominative or dative plural

Variation of na (definite article)
	Masculine			Feminine			Plural
	nom.	dat.	gen.	nom.	dat.	gen.	nom.	dat.	gen.
+ f-	am	anL		anL		na	na		nam
+ m-, p- or b-	am	a'L		a'L		na	na		nam
+ c- or g-	an	a'L		a'L		na	na		nan
+ sV-, sl-, sn- or sr-	an	anT		anT		na	na		nan
+ other consonant	an	an		an		na	na		nan
+ vowel	anT	an		an		naH	naH		nan
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; T Triggers T-prothesis

Univerbation of an (interrogative particle) +‎ do (past tense particle)

na

1. (chiefly Lewis, colloquial) marks an interrogative in the past tense

   Na rinn thu sin? ― Did you do that?

From Old Irish nó, nú.

na

1. Alternative form of no

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio:

  (file)

na (Cyrillic spelling на)

1. (+ locative case) on, at, in (with certain nouns, expressing location without a change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ; see usage notes below)

   knjiga je na stolu ― the book is on the table

   biti na koncertu ― to be at the concert

   biti na ulici ― to be in the street

   zv(ij)ezde na nebu ― stars in the sky

2. (+ locative case) on (indicating medium)

   čuti nešto na radiju ― to hear something on the radio

3. (+ accusative case) to, on, onto (with certain nouns, expressing the goal of motion, answering questions kùda (Bosnian, Serbian) or kȁmo (Croatian); see usage notes below)

   staviti knjigu na sto(l) ― to put a book on the table

   ići na koncert ― to go to a concert

4. (+ accusative case) for (with verbs of motion and certain other verbs, to express something which will last for a limited period; after that a reverse action is implied)

   otići nekuda/nekamo na dva dana ― to go somewhere for two days

5. (+ accusative case) in (used with seasons)

   na l(j)eto ― in summer, next summer, the following summer

6. (+ accusative case) noun attribute for permanent properties, such as sources of power or energy, but not including purpose

   krevet na kat ― bunk bed (literally, “bed on story, level”)

   podmornica na atomski pogon ― nuclear-powered submarine (literally, “submarine (run) on the nuclear power”)

   jaje na oko ― sunny-side up egg (literally, “egg on the eye”)

   ljubav na daljinu ― long-distance relationship (literally, “love on distance”)

   r(ij)eči na a ― words ending in a (literally, “words on a”)

7. (+ accusative case) by, on, through (adverbial phrase of manner)

   ući na prednja vrata ― to enter through the front door (literally, “to enter on the front door”)

   plaćena na sat ― paid by the hour (literally, “paid on an hour”)

   na brzinu ― hastily (literally, “on speed”)

   na vr(ij)eme ― on time

8. (+ accusative case) indirect object of certain verbs

   vikati na ljude ― to yell at people

   pods(j)ećati na nekog ― to remind of someone

9. (+ accusative case) a part of certain set expressions, which can be spelled also as one word in Croatian

   na sreću ― luckily

   na prim(j)er ― for example

na is used to indicate the location (with locative) or the goal of motion (with accusative), with:

• surfaces, either horizontal (table) or vertical (wall), including open spaces such as playgrounds, mountains, islands, most neighborhoods, pictures, the sky
• activities, such as ručak lunch, odmor vacation, posao work, predavanje lecture, sastanak meeting
• exposure to the sun, fresh air, wind, rain and snow (na suncu ― in the sun)
• limits: rub, ivica edge, početak beginning, kraj end, vrh top, dno bottom
• languages (na engleskom ― in English)
• with more sea, to express at/to the seaside; with selo village, to express in/to the countryside
• the noun fakultet

na! (Cyrillic spelling на!)

1. Here you are! Take it!
2. Help yourself!

Shona cardinal numbers

<  3	4	5  >
Cardinal : na     Ordinal : china

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

-na

1. four

na f sg

1. (indefinite) a, an

Sicilian articles
	Masculine	Feminine
indefinite singular	un, nu	na
definite singular	lu, û	la, â
definite plural	li, î	li, î

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Inherited from Old Polish na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

   Antonym: pod

2. denotes inessive position of some countries and regions; in, [with locative]

   Synonym: w

   Antonym: poza

3. denotes location with events; at [with locative]
4. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

   Synonyms: do, ku

5. denotes time; for [with accusative]
6. denotes measurement; by [with accusative]
7. denotes aim of an action; for [with accusative]
8. denotes color of painted object [with adverb]
9. denotes manner [with adverb]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. used when giving someone something; here!
2. filler word; well

• na in dykcjonorz.eu
• na in silling.org

From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/

na

1. (with locative) on (touching from above)

   Synonyms: navrchu, po

   • 1922, Terézia Vansová, Na Čertovici. In: Z našej dediny:

     Na koči sedel pán, cifrovaný, ako páni bývajú.

     A nobleman was sitting on the carriage in decorated clothes, as noblemen usually are.

2. (with locative) by, with, using (indicates a means or an instrument)

   Synonym: o

   • 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O krásnej Ibronke. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:

     Viezol sa tadiaľ na koči mladý pán a zazrel tú krásnu ľaliu.

     A young lord was travelling that way by carriage and he saw the beautiful lily.

3. (with locative) at (indicates time)
   • 1873, Ján Kalinčiak, Láska a pomsta. Chapter 1:

     Bol večer na konci jara.

     It was an evening at the end of the spring.

4. (with locative) at, because of (indicates reason)

   Synonyms: z, zo

   • 1930, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Stolica sa smeje :

     Stolica sa na celej veci veľmi dobre zabávala.

     The whole office was very much amused by the whole matter.

5. (with locative, in connection with byť) on, usually translated with a corresponsing verb (indicates state)
   • 1938, Janko Jesenský, Demokrati Part 2:

     To naozaj nebolo na programe.

     That really was not planned.

6. (with accusative) on, to (indicates motion towards the upper surface of an object or contact with the object from any side)

   Synonyms: smerom na, smerom do, smerom k, o

   • 1846, Ján Kalinčiak, Milkov hrob. Chapter 10:

     Musel znovu vysadnúť na koňa a ísť za chlapom, ktorého poslal s ním kuchár.

     He had to mount the horse again and follow the man, whom the cook had sent with him.

7. (with accusative) for, on, to (indicates purpose or goal)

   Synonyms: po, proti, pri

   • 1842, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, Svadba kráľa veľkomoravského. Chapter 3:

     Takmer celý nasledujúci deň po príchode, určený na hry a rytierske preteky, strávil v rade.

     He spent almost the whole day after the arrival, which was dedicated to plays and tournaments, with the council.

8. (with accusative) at, on (indicates time)

   Synonyms: cez, počas, v

   • 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena :

     Štefan Zaťko, otec piatich detí, cez Vianoce pochoval ženu a na Tri krále prišiel o ohlášky.

     Štefan Zaťko, a father or five children, buried his wife at Christmas and on Epiphany he came to arrange his banns.

9. (with accusative) at, because of, of (indicates reason)

   Synonyms: s, so, z, zo

   • 1943, Dobroslav Chrobák, Drak sa vracia. Chapter 2:

     Nezomrel od staroby, ani na chorobu, ale po páde do jamy na hlinu.

     He did not die of old age, nor of a disease, but after he fell in a pit for dirt.

• “na”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

na

1. (with locative) on (stationary)
2. (with accusative) onto (motion towards)
3. (with accusative) at, on (a moment in time)

• “na”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “na”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
2. denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
3. denotes time for which consequences of something may occur; for [with accusative]
4. denotes day on which something occurs; on

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

na

1. well! now then!
2. good job!

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “na”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[12] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 681
• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “na!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[13] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 682

na

1. moreover

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

-na

1. to rain

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈna]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Contraction of enna.

na

1. (obsolete) Contraction of en la (“in the”).

Representing accents where intervocalic /d/ is lost after a stressed syllable.

• na'

na

1. Pronunciation spelling of nada.

• “na”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16

• IPA^(key): /na/

• a

na

1. the (definite singular article)

   Na liba e lon na a bigi se.

   The river flows to the ocean.

na

1. to be (copula)

   A man disi na wan bigidagu.

   This man is a big shot.

Unlike for verbs, the aspect cannot be modified by particles such as ben, (d)e, sa and (g)o. If an aspect needs to be indicated, the verb de is used instead.

Perhaps borrowed from Dutch naar.

• a

na

1. at; to; on; according to

   A de na oso.

   He (or she) is at home.

   Na liba e lon na a bigi se.

   The river flows to the ocean.

• (on): na tapu
• (to): go na, g'a

na

1. Romanization of 𒈾

Akin to Lingala na, Luganda na. From Proto-Bantu *nà.

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Other scripts
Ajami	نَـ

na

1. and

Older or more conservative Swahili writings only use na to connect two nouns, never to connect two adjectives; the second adjective is changed into an abstract noun instead. However, in modern colloquial Swahili, this is not always the case.

Other scripts
Ajami	نَـ

na

1. with
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[14], stanza 9:

     كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِ

     Kiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalali

     Brightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance

2. by

na can be suffixed with special suffixes (for human pronominals) or any -o of reference (for other objects) to inflect it with an object (for example, nayo = "with it"):

Other scripts
Ajami	ـنَ

-na

1. present stem of -wa na (“to have”)

   sinacho ― I do not have it

nâ

1. Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

From Old Swedish hana, accusative form of hon. In most dialects, the corresponding dative form (henne, in Old Norse: hænni) has taken its place.^[1] Compare Norwegian Nynorsk na.

na

1. (dialectal) her; accusative/dative of hon

   Synonym: henne

   – Har hon sett'na? – Jo, hon såg'na igår, och gav'na brevet. Jag var hem ti'na [till'na] igår och snacka [snackade] me'na [med'na] [clipping "till," "med," and "-de" from the past tense is common in general and not dialectal].

   – Has she seen her? – Yeah, she saw her yesterday, and gave her the letter. I went to her house ["was home to her" – standard] yesterday and talked to her.

• Common enough to be universally understood by native speakers.
• Rarely in written form unless supposed to imitate (dialectal) speech. See also the usage notes for honom.

• en

• -an, an, an-

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /na/ [n̪ɐ]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Abakada alphabet

   Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) en, (in the Abecedario) ene

• nana

From Proto-Philippine *na (“now; already”). Compare Bikol Central na, Cebuano na, Hiligaynon na, and Tausug na.

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

1. already; now; anymore (expresses the event when following a verb)

   Tapos na.

   Finished already.

   Yari na tayo.

   We've now been made.

2. already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

   Natulog na.

   Slept already.

   Bumili na.

   Bought already.

3. already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)

   Pumasok na tayo.

   Let's go in already.

   Ipinabibili ko na ang gamot.

   I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

1. already; now (expresses the event when following a noun)

   Bagsak na.

   Failure already.

   Abogado na siya.

   He/She is now a lawyer.

2. now; already (expresses a shift or change in the performance of a task when following a personal pronoun)

   Ako na.

   My turn.

   (literally, “Me now.”)

   Ikaw na.

   Your turn.

   (literally, “You now.”)

   Siya na.

   His/her turn.

   (literally, “Him/her now.”)

• na-

From Proto-Austronesian *na (“linker marking emphatic attribution”).

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

1. Connects words, phrases, and sentences: which is; that is; who is
   1. Connects adjectives to nouns.

      May matinis na boses siya.

      He/she has a piercing voice.

      Mahilig ako sa mga matatangkad na lalaki

      I like tall boys.

   2. Connects adverbs to verbs.

      Siya ay mabilis na tumakbo.

      He/she ran fast.

      Malugod ka naming tinatanggap.

      We welcome you.

   3. Connects clauses: that; to

      Masaya ka lang na meron kang pera.

      You're only happy that you have money.

      Magandang ipanggawa ng saranggola.

      Good to use to make a kite.

   4. Connects quantifiers (mayroon and wala only uses -ng)

      Tanang Pilipino ― Every Filipino.

      Mayroon kang kanin sa pisngi mo

      You have rice on your cheeks.

      Apat na palo. ― Four sticks.

• na becomes the -ng suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.

  Magandang bulaklak

  Pretty flower

  Bigla siyang nagsalita.

  He/She suddenly spoke.

• Words ending in -n will become -ng (-g)

  Dayuhang turista

  Foreign tourist

  Siya ay dahan-dahang pumunta doon.

  He/She carefully went there.

• It becomes the -ng- interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.

  ‎haba + ‎-ng- + ‎buhay → ‎habang-buhay

  ‎bunga + ‎-ng- + ‎kahoy → ‎bungangkahoy

• It becomes the -m- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).

  ‎haba + ‎-m- + ‎buhay → ‎habambuhay

  ‎ganti + ‎-m- + ‎pala → ‎gantimpala

• It becomes the -n- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (d), (s), or (t).

  ‎isa + ‎-n- + ‎daan → ‎sandaan

  ‎bago + ‎-n- + ‎sakop + ‎-in → ‎bagunsakupin

  ‎libo + ‎-n- + ‎taon → ‎libuntaon

• Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- (-g-)

  ‎daan + ‎-g- + ‎bakal → ‎daang-bakal

  ‎kababaan + ‎-g- + ‎loob → ‎kababaang-loob

  ‎kabungguan + ‎-g- + ‎balikat → ‎kabungguang-balikat

• nang
• ng

• “na”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

• -an

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal, Zhuang na, Thai หนา (nǎa).

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [naː˦˥]

na (那,𪿣)

1. thick

   phải na ― thick fabric

   律𪫆𥿯[]那

   Loảt mừa phải tắm na

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   禁那遮敏詩

   Gụm na già mắn thí

   With a thick [layer of] protection, it will be firmly covered.

2. bold, brave

   nả na ― shameless, bold

• na tứt

• Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
• Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[15][16] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[17] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

From English and.

na

1. and
   • 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics‎^[18], →ISBN, page 433:

     Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1986, John Hunter, “Vocabulary”, in Papua New Guinea phrasebook‎^[19], →ISBN, page 60:

     and - na

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• olsem na

Tooro numbers ^(edit)

	40[a], [b]
[a], [b] ←  3	4	5  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: -na, (in abstract counting) ina     Ordinal: -a kana     Adverbial: kana, enyakana, emirundi ena     Fractional: ekicweka ekya kana

• IPA^(key): /na/

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Cognate with Swahili -nne and Tswana -nne. Doublet of omunaana (“eight”).

-na

1. four

From Proto-Bantu *nà. Cognate with Swahili na, Lingala na and Luganda na.

na (apocopic form n')

1. and
2. with, by

na (apocopic form n')

1. even

   Na Kisembo naasobora kwetegereza. ― Even Kisembo can understand.

1. Entry 3674 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
2. Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[20], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 148, 439-441

From Russian на (na) or Ukrainian на (na).

na

1. (dialect, Trabzon, Rize) here it is! take it!

   Synonym: işte!

• IPA^(key): /nä/

na

1. house

(Nouns)

• ti' na

• Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
• Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

• IPA^(key): [na]

na

1. that (animate)

na

1. and
2. with

na f sg

1. a, an

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]

Possibly a direct loan from Spanish anona or through other intermediaries. Compare Thai น้อยหน่า (nɔ́ɔi-nàa) and Malay nona.

(classifier cây, trái, quả) na • (𦰡)

1. (Northern Vietnam) sugar apple (Annona squamosa)

   Synonym: mãng cầu

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Which dialect is this?”) Sino-Vietnamese word from 挪.

na

1. (transitive) to carry, to move something laboriously

na

1. (Bình Định, Phú Yên) interrogative particle

   Synonyms: hả, à

• an

From Proto-Celtic *nekʷe, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (negative particle) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Old Irish nach^[1] and Latin neque.

• IPA^(key): /naː/, /na/
• Rhymes: -aː

na

1. no

na (triggers mixed mutation)

1. not (in answers and tag questions)
2. (literary) don’t (with verbs in the imperative mood)

• Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
• The form nac is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes na allan, not *nac allan.

• nac (used before a vowel)

na (triggers mixed mutation)

1. that … not (introduces a negative noun clause)

   Mae e’n dweud na fydd e’n mynd.

   He says that he will not go.

• Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
• The form nad is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes na allan, not *nad allan.
• The form is always nad before an element fronted for emphasis.

• nad (used before a vowel, or where an element is fronted for emphasis)

• y (affirmative)

Variant of no(g),^[2] probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achn o” as “-ach no”.^[3]

• IPA^(key): /na(ː)/

na (triggers aspirate mutation)

2. than
3. neither, nor

• nag (used before a vowel, definition 1)
• nac (used before a vowel, definition 2)

• IPA^(key): /na(ː)/

na

1. Soft mutation of gna.

na (not mutable)

1. first-person singular future colloquial of gwneud

na

1. Nasal mutation of da.

na

1. Nasal mutation of da.

ná

1. Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

-na

1. (intransitive) to rain

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): [na]

na

1. (transitive) to clear (a conuco garden)
2. (transitive) to clear (brush)

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “na”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[21], Lyon
• Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 315

From Middle English na, no, from nan (“none”), from Old English nān. Cognates include English no and Scots nae.

• no, nae

• IPA^(key): /nɔː/

na

1. no
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

     T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

     To break up the goal they had not power;

   • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

     Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

     no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.

   • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

     Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.

     I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.

na

1. no

na

1. Alternative form of naay
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

     Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,

     Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,

na

1. Alternative form of no (“not”)
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:

     Na dicke wye, nar dicka.

     Neither this way, nor that.

   • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:

     Hea pryet ich mought na ha chicke or hen,

     He prayed I might not have chicken nor hen,

   • 1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:

     Caulès will na get to wullaw to-die.

     Horses will not get to wallow to-day.

Borrowed from Irish na.

• IPA^(key): /nə/

na

1. of the
   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 3-4:

     na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,

     both (the) faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:

     crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,

     beg leave at (of) this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:

     az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,

     as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, (of) faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,

2. in the
   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:

     an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,

     and in the simple dress of our old dialect,

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

     y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

     you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:

     Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'

     The condition, (on) this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:

     Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

     In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:

     wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.

     we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 58

• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /nã́/
• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /nã̄/
• (low-tone): IPA^(key): /nã̀/

nà

1. to beat; to hit; to smack

   Synonym: lù

   Ó nà án ní pàṣán ― She beat him with a whip

2. to defeat

   Synonym: borí

• na before a direct object.

ná

1. to spend

   Synonym: náwó (“to spend money”)

   Àníkẹ́ ń ná owó nínàákúkàá ― Anike is spending money extravagently

2. to cost

   Ó ná mi ní ogún náírà péré ― It only cost me 20 naira

   Ó lè máa ná wọn tó ẹgbẹ̀rún dọ́là ― It may cost them up to a thousand dollars

3. to haggle; to bargain

   Synonyms: yọwó, nájà

   Ìyá mi ń bá oníkiri ná ― My mother's haggling with the hawker

   1. to trade; to go to the market

      Synonym: nájà

      Mo ná ọjà Mọ́kọ́lá ― I trade at Mokola market

nà

1. to stretch; to raise

   Mo na ọwọ́ mi dì í mú ― I stretched out my hand to grasp it

   Àwòdì na ìyẹ́ rẹ̀, kí ó sì fò lọ ― The hawk spread its wings and flew away

2. to aim; to point

   Ọlọ́pàá na ìbọn sí wọn lójú ― The police pointed a gun in their face

• na before a direct object.

• IPA^(key): /na/

na

1. you (singular); thou

   Na dô neygini? : Are you tired?

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Thai หนา (nǎa), Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal.

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /na˨˦/
• Tone numbers: na¹
• Hyphenation: na

na (Sawndip forms 𭆗 or 那 or 𭡇 or 𦀨, 1957–1982 spelling na)

1. thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)

   Antonym: mbang

2. (of vegetation) dense; thick

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.

na

1. I (first person pronoun singular)

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *naa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na. Cognates include Tibetan ན (na) and Burmese နာ (na).

• IPA^(key): /na˧/

na

1. ill

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *hnaar, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-na. Cognates include Tibetan སྣ (sna) and Burmese နှာ (hna).

• IPA^(key): /na˧/

na

1. nose

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47

Possibly from na-.

• IPA^(key): /ná/

na

1. Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. (intransitive) to rain

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuna
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuna	ukungani
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yina	-ne
Plural	yinani	-neni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyana, ngina	enginayo, engina	ngina	angini	engingani	ngingani
2nd singular	uyana, una	onayo, ona	una	awuni	ongani	ungani
1st plural	siyana, sina	esinayo, esina	sina	asini	esingani	singani
2nd plural	niyana, nina	eninayo, enina	nina	anini	eningani	ningani
Class 1	uyana, una	onayo, ona	ena	akani	ongani	engani
Class 2	bayana, bana	abanayo, abana	bena	abani	abangani	bengani
Class 3	uyana, una	onayo, ona	una	awuni	ongani	ungani
Class 4	iyana, ina	enayo, ena	ina	ayini	engani	ingani
Class 5	liyana, lina	elinayo, elina	lina	alini	elingani	lingani
Class 6	ayana, ana	anayo, ana	ena	awani	angani	engani
Class 7	siyana, sina	esinayo, esina	sina	asini	esingani	singani
Class 8	ziyana, zina	ezinayo, ezina	zina	azini	ezingani	zingani
Class 9	iyana, ina	enayo, ena	ina	ayini	engani	ingani
Class 10	ziyana, zina	ezinayo, ezina	zina	azini	ezingani	zingani
Class 11	luyana, luna	olunayo, oluna	luna	aluni	olungani	lungani
Class 14	buyana, buna	obunayo, obuna	buna	abuni	obungani	bungani
Class 15	kuyana, kuna	okunayo, okuna	kuna	akuni	okungani	kungani
Class 17	kuyana, kuna	okunayo, okuna	kuna	akuni	okungani	kungani
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	nginile, nginē	enginile, enginē	nginile, nginē	anginanga	engingananga	ngingananga
2nd singular	unile, unē	onile, onē	unile, unē	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
1st plural	sinile, sinē	esinile, esinē	sinile, sinē	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
2nd plural	ninile, ninē	eninile, eninē	ninile, ninē	aninanga	eningananga	ningananga
Class 1	unile, unē	onile, onē	enile, enē	akananga	ongananga	engananga
Class 2	banile, banē	abanile, abanē	benile, benē	abananga	abangananga	bengananga
Class 3	unile, unē	onile, onē	unile, unē	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
Class 4	inile, inē	enile, enē	inile, inē	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 5	linile, linē	elinile, elinē	linile, linē	alinanga	elingananga	lingananga
Class 6	anile, anē	anile, anē	enile, enē	awananga	angananga	engananga
Class 7	sinile, sinē	esinile, esinē	sinile, sinē	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
Class 8	zinile, zinē	ezinile, ezinē	zinile, zinē	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 9	inile, inē	enile, enē	inile, inē	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 10	zinile, zinē	ezinile, ezinē	zinile, zinē	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 11	lunile, lunē	olunile, olunē	lunile, lunē	alunanga	olungananga	lungananga
Class 14	bunile, bunē	obunile, obunē	bunile, bunē	abunanga	obungananga	bungananga
Class 15	kunile, kunē	okunile, okunē	kunile, kunē	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
Class 17	kunile, kunē	okunile, okunē	kunile, kunē	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāna	engāna	ngāna	anginanga	engingananga	ngingananga
2nd singular	wāna	owāna	wāna	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
1st plural	sāna	esāna	sāna	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
2nd plural	nāna	enāna	nāna	aninanga	eningananga	ningananga
Class 1	wāna	owāna	āna	akananga	ongananga	engananga
Class 2	bāna	abāna	bāna	abananga	abangananga	bengananga
Class 3	wāna	owāna	wāna	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
Class 4	yāna	eyāna	yāna	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 5	lāna	elāna	lāna	alinanga	elingananga	lingananga
Class 6	āna	āna	āna	awananga	angananga	engananga
Class 7	sāna	esāna	sāna	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
Class 8	zāna	ezāna	zāna	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 9	yāna	eyāna	yāna	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 10	zāna	ezāna	zāna	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 11	lwāna	olwāna	lwāna	alunanga	olungananga	lungananga
Class 14	bāna	obāna	bāna	abunanga	obungananga	bungananga
Class 15	kwāna	okwāna	kwāna	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
Class 17	kwāna	okwāna	kwāna	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingana	—	ngingana	ngingene	—	ngingene
2nd singular	ungana	—	ungana	ungene	—	ungene
1st plural	singana	—	singana	singene	—	singene
2nd plural	ningana	—	ningana	ningene	—	ningene
Class 1	angana	—	engana	angene	—	engene
Class 2	bangana	—	bengana	bangene	—	bengene
Class 3	ungana	—	ungana	ungene	—	ungene
Class 4	ingana	—	ingana	ingene	—	ingene
Class 5	lingana	—	lingana	lingene	—	lingene
Class 6	angana	—	engana	angene	—	engene
Class 7	singana	—	singana	singene	—	singene
Class 8	zingana	—	zingana	zingene	—	zingene
Class 9	ingana	—	ingana	ingene	—	ingene
Class 10	zingana	—	zingana	zingene	—	zingene
Class 11	lungana	—	lungana	lungene	—	lungene
Class 14	bungana	—	bungana	bungene	—	bungene
Class 15	kungana	—	kungana	kungene	—	kungene
Class 17	kungana	—	kungana	kungene	—	kungene
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokuna	engizokuna	ngizokuna	angizukuna	engingezukuna	ngingezukuna
2nd singular	uzokuna	ozokuna	uzokuna	awuzukuna	ongezukuna	ungezukuna
1st plural	sizokuna	esizokuna	sizokuna	asizukuna	esingezukuna	singezukuna
2nd plural	nizokuna	enizokuna	nizokuna	anizukuna	eningezukuna	ningezukuna
Class 1	uzokuna	ozokuna	ezokuna	akazukuna	ongezukuna	engezukuna
Class 2	bazokuna	abazokuna	bezokuna	abazukuna	abangezukuna	bengezukuna
Class 3	uzokuna	ozokuna	uzokuna	awuzukuna	ongezukuna	ungezukuna
Class 4	izokuna	ezokuna	izokuna	ayizukuna	engezukuna	ingezukuna
Class 5	lizokuna	elizokuna	lizokuna	alizukuna	elingezukuna	lingezukuna
Class 6	azokuna	azokuna	ezokuna	awazukuna	angezukuna	engezukuna
Class 7	sizokuna	esizokuna	sizokuna	asizukuna	esingezukuna	singezukuna
Class 8	zizokuna	ezizokuna	zizokuna	azizukuna	ezingezukuna	zingezukuna
Class 9	izokuna	ezokuna	izokuna	ayizukuna	engezukuna	ingezukuna
Class 10	zizokuna	ezizokuna	zizokuna	azizukuna	ezingezukuna	zingezukuna
Class 11	luzokuna	oluzokuna	luzokuna	aluzukuna	olungezukuna	lungezukuna
Class 14	buzokuna	obuzokuna	buzokuna	abuzukuna	obungezukuna	bungezukuna
Class 15	kuzokuna	okuzokuna	kuzokuna	akuzukuna	okungezukuna	kungezukuna
Class 17	kuzokuna	okuzokuna	kuzokuna	akuzukuna	okungezukuna	kungezukuna
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokuna	engiyokuna	ngiyokuna	angiyukuna	engingeyukuna	ngingeyukuna
2nd singular	uyokuna	oyokuna	uyokuna	awuyukuna	ongeyukuna	ungeyukuna
1st plural	siyokuna	esiyokuna	siyokuna	asiyukuna	esingeyukuna	singeyukuna
2nd plural	niyokuna	eniyokuna	niyokuna	aniyukuna	eningeyukuna	ningeyukuna
Class 1	uyokuna	oyokuna	eyokuna	akayukuna	ongeyukuna	engeyukuna
Class 2	bayokuna	abayokuna	beyokuna	abayukuna	abangeyukuna	bengeyukuna
Class 3	uyokuna	oyokuna	uyokuna	awuyukuna	ongeyukuna	ungeyukuna
Class 4	iyokuna	eyokuna	iyokuna	ayiyukuna	engeyukuna	ingeyukuna
Class 5	liyokuna	eliyokuna	liyokuna	aliyukuna	elingeyukuna	lingeyukuna
Class 6	ayokuna	ayokuna	eyokuna	awayukuna	angeyukuna	engeyukuna
Class 7	siyokuna	esiyokuna	siyokuna	asiyukuna	esingeyukuna	singeyukuna
Class 8	ziyokuna	eziyokuna	ziyokuna	aziyukuna	ezingeyukuna	zingeyukuna
Class 9	iyokuna	eyokuna	iyokuna	ayiyukuna	engeyukuna	ingeyukuna
Class 10	ziyokuna	eziyokuna	ziyokuna	aziyukuna	ezingeyukuna	zingeyukuna
Class 11	luyokuna	oluyokuna	luyokuna	aluyukuna	olungeyukuna	lungeyukuna
Class 14	buyokuna	obuyokuna	buyokuna	abuyukuna	obungeyukuna	bungeyukuna
Class 15	kuyokuna	okuyokuna	kuyokuna	akuyukuna	okungeyukuna	kungeyukuna
Class 17	kuyokuna	okuyokuna	kuyokuna	akuyukuna	okungeyukuna	kungeyukuna
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngine	ngingani
2nd singular	une	ungani
1st plural	sine	singani
2nd plural	nine	ningani
Class 1	ane	angani
Class 2	bane	bangani
Class 3	une	ungani
Class 4	ine	ingani
Class 5	line	lingani
Class 6	ane	angani
Class 7	sine	singani
Class 8	zine	zingani
Class 9	ine	ingani
Class 10	zine	zingani
Class 11	lune	lungani
Class 14	bune	bungani
Class 15	kune	kungani
Class 17	kune	kungani
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngana	ngangana, angana, angangana
2nd singular	wana	wangana, awana, awangana
1st plural	sana	sangana, asana, asangana
2nd plural	nana	nangana, anana, anangana
Class 1	wana	wangana, akana, akangana
Class 2	bana	bangana, abana, abangana
Class 3	wana	wangana, awana, awangana
Class 4	yana	yangana, ayana, ayangana
Class 5	lana	langana, alana, alangana
Class 6	ana	angana, awana, awangana
Class 7	sana	sangana, asana, asangana
Class 8	zana	zangana, azana, azangana
Class 9	yana	yangana, ayana, ayangana
Class 10	zana	zangana, azana, azangana
Class 11	lwana	lwangana, alwana, alwangana
Class 14	bana	bangana, abana, abangana
Class 15	kwana	kwangana, akwana, akwangana
Class 17	kwana	kwangana, akwana, akwangana

• imvula

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na (3-8)”
• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na”