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離

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Archived revision by Agamemenon (talk | contribs) as of 13:41, 16 September 2024.
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
See also: 离 and ☲
離 U+96E2, 離
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96E2
← 雡
[U+96E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 難 →
[U+96E3]
離 U+F9EA, 離
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EA
← 里
[U+F9E9] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 匿 →
[U+F9EB]

Translingual

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Han character

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離 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜月人土 (YBOG), four-corner 00414, composition ⿰离隹)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1369, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1875, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4106, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+96E2

Chinese

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trad. 離
simp. 离*

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 離
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (离) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謧 *reːl, *rel
璃 *reːl, *rel
離 *reːls, *rel, *rels
縭 *rel
离 *rel, *r̥ʰel
醨 *rel
樆 *rel
褵 *rel
漓 *rel
黐 *rel, *r̥ʰel
籬 *rel
灕 *rel
蘺 *rel
攡 *rel
魑 *r̥ʰel
螭 *r̥ʰel
摛 *r̥ʰel

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) : phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel) + semantic 隹 (“bird”) – black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis). This sense is preserved in the compound 離黃.

Phonetically borrowed for the sense "to depart".

The 3rd trigram, formed of ⚊ over ⚋ and ⚊
The 30th hexagram, formed of ☲ and ☲

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT). See 侈 (OC *l̥ʰjalʔ, “extravagant”) for more.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: lei6 - rare (e.g. 離群索居／离群索居).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 離
Mandarin Beijing /li³⁵/
Harbin /li²⁴/
Tianjin /li⁴⁵/
Jinan /li⁴²/
Qingdao /li⁴²/
Zhengzhou /li⁴²/ ～婚
/li³¹²/ ～開
Xi'an /li²⁴/ ～別
/li⁴⁴/ ～開
Xining /l̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /li⁵³/
Lanzhou /li⁵³/
Ürümqi /li⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ni³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /li³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
/li⁴⁴/
Hefei /zz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /li¹¹/
Pingyao /li¹³/ ～別
/li³⁵/ 分開了
Hohhot /li³¹/
Wu Shanghai /li²³/
Suzhou /li¹³/
Hangzhou /li¹³/
Wenzhou /lei³¹/
Hui Shexian /li⁴⁴/
Tunxi /li⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /li¹³/
Xiangtan /ni¹²/
Gan Nanchang /li⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /li¹¹/
Taoyuan /li¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lei²¹/
Nanning /li²¹/
Hong Kong /lei²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /li³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lie⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /li⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /li⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /li³¹/
Rime
Character 離
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 呂支切
Baxter lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liə̆/
Li
Rong 		/lie/
Wang
Li 		/lǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 離 離
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lí lí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lje › ‹ lje ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]aj/ /*[r]aj/
English meet with, encounter depart from

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 離
Reading # 2/3
No. 7780
Phonetic
component 		离
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		離
Old
Chinese 		/*rel/
Notes 甲文象隹入網羅，
離反爲省文

Definitions

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離

  1. to leave; to depart
  2. to go away
  3. to separate
  4. (colloquial) to divorce
  5. away from
  6. ☲, the 3rd of the 8 trigrams
  7. ䷝, the 30th of the 64 I Ching hexagrams
  8. † Alternative form of 罹 (lí, “to suffer; to be hit with; to encounter”)
  9. † Alternative form of 縭／缡 (lí)
  10. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 離婚 (“to divorce”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 離婚, 離異
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 離婚, 散
Taiwan 離婚
Chengde 離婚
Chifeng 離婚
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 離婚, 打八刀
Heihe 離婚, 打八刀
Qiqihar 離婚, 打八刀
Harbin 離婚, 打八刀
Jiamusi 離婚, 打八刀
Baicheng 離婚, 打八刀
Changchun 離婚, 打八刀
Tonghua 離婚, 打八刀
Shenyang 離婚, 跳槽
Jinzhou 離婚, 八刀
Singapore 離婚
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 離婚, 散
Tangshan 離婚, 散夥
Cangzhou 離婚, 散
Baoding 離婚, 散
Shijiazhuang 離婚
Lijin 離婚
Jinan 離婚
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 離婚
Dandong 離婚, 打八刀
Yantai 離婚
Qingdao 離婚
Zhucheng 離婚
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 離婚
Jining 離婚
Wanrong 離婚
Linfen 離婚
Shangqiu 離婚
Yuanyang 離婚
Zhengzhou 離婚
Xinyang 離婚
Baihe 離婚, 散
Xi'an 離婚
Baoji 離婚, 散夥
Tianshui 離婚
Xining 離婚
Xuzhou 離婚, 離
Fuyang 離婚
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 離婚
Lanzhou 離婚
Dunhuang 離婚
Hami 離婚
Ürümqi 離婚
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 離婚, 打脫離
Nanchong 離婚
Dazhou 退婚, 退親
Hanyuan 離婚, 散
Xichang 離婚
Zigong 離婚, 打脫離
Chongqing 離婚, 打脫離
Wuhan 離婚, 脫離 dated, 打脫離 dated
Yichang 離婚, 拆婚
Xiangyang 離婚
Tianmen 離婚, 散, 打脫離
Guiyang 離婚
Zunyi 離婚
Bijie 離婚
Liping 離婚
Zhaotong 離婚
Dali 離婚
Kunming 離婚
Mengzi 離婚
Guilin 離婚
Liuzhou 離婚
Jishou 離婚
Changde 脫離
Hanzhong 離婚
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 離婚, 離
Yangzhou 離婚
Lianyungang 離婚, 離
Lianshui 離婚
Nantong 離婚
Anqing 離婚, 打離婚
Wuhu 離婚, 打離婚
Hefei 離婚
Hong'an 離婚, 打脫離
Cantonese Guangzhou 離婚
Hong Kong 離婚
Taishan 離婚
Gan Nanchang 離婚, 離
Hakka Yudu 打離婚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 離婚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 離婚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 離婚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 離婚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 離緣
Huizhou Shexian 離婚
Jin Taiyuan 離婚, 離
Yangyuan 離婚
Datong 離婚, 離
Xinzhou 離婚
Lüliang (Lishi) 離婚
Changzhi 離婚
Linhe 離婚
Jining 離婚
Hohhot 離婚
Erenhot 離婚
Pingshan 離婚
Zhangjiakou 離婚
Handan 離婚, 散
Linzhou 離婚
Suide 離婚
Southern Min Xiamen 離婚, 離緣
Quanzhou 離婚
Zhangzhou 離婚
Tainan 離婚, 離緣
Penang (Hokkien) 離婚, 相煞
Manila (Hokkien) 離婚
Wu Shanghai 離婚
Suzhou 離婚, 離
Hangzhou 離婚, 離
Ningbo 離婚

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: lìa

References

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 離
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力智切
Baxter ljeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/lieH/
Wang
Li 		/lǐeH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 離
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljeH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*raj-s/
English reject

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 離
Reading # 3/3
No. 7794
Phonetic
component 		离
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		詈
Old
Chinese 		/*rels/

Definitions

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離

  1. Used in 離支／离支 (lìzhī, “lychee”).
  2. (obsolete) to reject; to discard

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
Rime
Character 離
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎計切
Baxter lejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/leiH/
Wang
Li 		/lieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lai6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 離
Reading # 1/3
No. 7779
Phonetic
component 		离
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		麗
Old
Chinese 		/*reːls/

Definitions

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離

  1. Alternative form of 麗／丽 (“to adhere; to attach to”)

Pronunciation 4

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Definitions

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離

  1. Only used in 離跂／离跂.

Pronunciation 5

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Definitions

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離

  1. Alternative form of 螭 (chī, “a kind of dragon”)
  2. Alternative form of 离 (“a kind of legendary beast”)

Pronunciation 6

[edit]

Definitions

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離

  1. Only used in 離瞀／离瞀.

Japanese

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Kanji

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離

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. separate, detach, digress

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Yakja (略字, simplified form) of 離.

Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 離 (MC lje|ljeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 리 (li) (Yale: li) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

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  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

離 (eumhun 떠날 리 (tteonal ri), word-initial (South Korea) 떠날 이 (tteonal i))

  1. hanja form? of 리/이 (“to leave”)
  2. hanja form? of 리/이 (“separation; departure”)
  3. hanja form? of 리/이 (“division”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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Related to Middle Chinese 螭 / 离 (MC trhje).

Hanja

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離 (eumhun 교룡(蛟龍) 치)
離 (eumhun 맹수(猛獸) 치)

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 螭 (“hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of dragon”)”)
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 离 (“hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of legendary beast”)”)

Etymology 3

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Related to Middle Chinese 麗 / 儷 (MC lejH).

Hanja

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離 (eumhun 붙을 려 (buteul ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 붙을 여 (buteul yeo))
離 (eumhun 나란히 할 려 (naranhi hal ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 나란히 할 여 (naranhi hal yeo))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麗 (“hanja form? of 려/여 (“to adhere”)”)
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 儷 (“hanja form? of 려/여 (“in pair”)”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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離: Hán Nôm readings: li, ly, le, lè, lì, lìa, lia

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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