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# [[farmer]] {{gloss|person who works the land or who keeps livestock}}
# [[farmer]] {{gloss|person who works the land or who keeps livestock}}

----


==Breton==
==Breton==
Line 25: Line 23:
# [[plough]]
# [[plough]]


==Galician==
----

===Etymology===
{{inh+|gl|roa-opt|arar}}, from {{inh|gl|la|arō|arāre}}, from {{inh|gl|itc-pro|*araō}}, from {{inh|gl|ine-pro|*h₂éryeti||to plough}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}.

===Verb===
⚫
{{gl-verb}}

# to [[plow]]/[[plough]] {{gloss|to use a plow/plough to open furrows}}

====Conjugation====
{{pt-conj}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|pt|arado}}
⚫
* {{l|pt|arador}}

{{C|gl|Agriculture}}

==Malay==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ms|ar|عَرْعَر}} analogue to {{cog|he|ערער|tr=ar'ar}}.

===Noun===
{{ms-noun|j=عرعر}}

# [[juniper]]

{{C|ms|Trees}}

==Old Galician-Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|roa-opt|la|arō|arāre}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|roa-opt|/a.ˈɾaɾ/}}
* {{rhymes|roa-opt|aɾ|s=2}}

===Verb===
{{head|roa-opt|verb}}

# to [[plough]] {{gloss|to use a plough to open furrows}}

====Conjugation====
{{roa-opt-conj-ar|ar}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|gl|arar}}
* {{desc|pt|arar}}

===Further reading===
* [https://universocantigas.gal/glosario/termo/277 Universo Cantigas - "arar"]


==Portuguese==
==Portuguese==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|pt|roa-opt|-}}, from {{inh|pt|la|arō|arāre}}, from {{inh|pt|itc-pro|*araō}}, from {{inh|pt|ine-pro|*h₂éryeti||to plough}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}.
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|arar}}, from {{inh|pt|la|arō|arāre}}, from {{inh|pt|itc-pro|*araō}}, from {{inh|pt|ine-pro|*h₂éryeti||to plough}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
{{pt-IPA}}
⚫
* {{homophones|pt|ará|qq1=Brazil}}
* {{a|South Brazil}} {{IPA|pt|/a.ˈɾa(ɾ)/|-(ɻ)}}
⚫
* {{homophones|pt|ará|q1=Brazil}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|a|rar}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|a|rar}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{pt-verb|ar|ar}}
{{pt-verb}}


# to [[plough]] {{gloss|to use a plough to open furrows}}
# to [[plough]] {{gloss|to use a plough to open furrows}}


====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====
{{pt-conj|ar|ar}}
{{pt-conj}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
Line 51: Line 101:


{{C|pt|Agriculture}}
{{C|pt|Agriculture}}

----


==Romanian==
==Romanian==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{affix|ro|a|rar}}
From {{affix|ro|a|rar}}.


===Adverb===
===Adverb===
Line 63: Line 111:


# [[rarely]]
# [[rarely]]

----


==Spanish==
==Spanish==


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-arar.wav<a:Colombia>>}}
⚫
{{es-IPA}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|es|ar|عَرْعَر}}.
{{bor+|es|en|arar}}, from {{der|es|ar|عَرْعَر}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|es|araar}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
{{es-noun|m}}
{{es-noun|m}}


# {{vern|sandarac tree}}, ''[[Tetraclinis]]''
# {{vern|sandarac tree}}, {{taxfmt|Tetraclinis|genus}}
#: {{syn|es|alerce africano}}
#: {{syn|es|alerce africano}}
# [[common juniper]], ''[[Juniperus communis]]''
# [[common juniper]], {{taxfmt|Juniperus communis|species}}
#: {{syn|es|enebro}}
#: {{syn|es|enebro}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|es|la|arāre}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|arō}}, from {{inh|es|itc-pro|*araō}}, from {{inh|es|ine-pro|*h₂éryeti||to plough}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}.
{{inh+|es|la|arō|arāre}}, from {{inh|es|itc-pro|*araō}}, from {{inh|es|ine-pro|*h₂éryeti||to plough}}, from the root {{m|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-}}.


====Verb====
====Verb====
Line 92: Line 141:
=====Conjugation=====
=====Conjugation=====
{{es-conj}}
{{es-conj}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|es|arar en el mar}}


=====Related terms=====
=====Related terms=====
{{col-auto|es|arable|arado|arador|aradura}}
{{rel4|es
|arable
|arado
⚫
|arador
|aradura}}


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
Line 104: Line 152:


{{C|es|Agriculture|Trees}}
{{C|es|Agriculture|Trees}}

----


==Venetian==
==Venetian==

Revision as of 07:40, 24 September 2024

See also: Arar, árar, ärar, and årar

Albanian

Etymology

From arë +‎ -ar.

Noun

arar m

  1. farmer (person who works the land or who keeps livestock)

Breton

Etymology

From Middle Breton arazr, from Proto-Brythonic *aradr, from Proto-Celtic *aratrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom.

Pronunciation

Noun

arar m (plural erer)

  1. plough

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese arar, from Latin arāre, from Proto-Italic *araō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti (“to plough”), from the root *h₂erh₃-.

Verb

arar (first-person singular present aro, first-person singular preterite arei, past participle arado)

  1. to plow/plough (to use a plow/plough to open furrows)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal arar
Personal arar arares arar ararmos arardes ararem
Gerund
arando
Past participle
Masculine arado arados
Feminine arada aradas
Indicative
Present aro aras ara aramos arais aram
Imperfect arava aravas arava arávamos aráveis aravam
Preterite arei araste arou aramos1, arámos2 arastes araram
Pluperfect arara araras arara aráramos aráreis araram
Future ararei ararás arará araremos arareis ararão
Conditional araria ararias araria araríamos araríeis arariam
Subjunctive
Present are ares are aremos areis arem
Imperfect arasse arasses arasse arássemos arásseis arassem
Future arar arares arar ararmos arardes ararem
Imperative
Affirmative ara are aremos arai arem
Negative (não) não ares não are não aremos não areis não arem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar) analogue to Hebrew ערער (ar'ar).

Noun

arar (Jawi spelling عرعر, plural arar-arar, informal 1st possessive ararku, 2nd possessive ararmu, 3rd possessive ararnya)

  1. juniper

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin arāre.

Pronunciation

Verb

arar

  1. to plough (to use a plough to open furrows)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arar
infinitive simple arar
compound infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund simple arando
compound gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle singular plural
masculine arado arados
feminine arada aradas
present participle arante arantes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mood eu
ei 		tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee 		nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		eles
elas
simple
tenses 		present aro aras ara aramos arades aran
imperfect arava aravas arava aravamos, arávamos aravades, arávades aravan
preterite arei araste, arasche, arache arou aramos arastes araron
pluperfect arara araras arara araramos, aráramos ararades, arárades araran
future ararei ararás arará araremos araredes ararán
conditional araria ararias araria arariamos, araríamos arariades, araríades ararian
compound
tenses 		present perfect present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
present imperfect imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past anterior preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
pluperfect simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
future perfect future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood eu
ei 		tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee 		nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		eles
elas
simple
tenses 		present are ares are aremos aredes aren
preterite arasse arasses arasse arássemos arássedes arassen
future arar arares arar ararmos arardes araren
compound
tenses 		present perfect present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
pluperfect preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
future perfect future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood — tu vossa mercee nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		—
affirmative — ara are aremos arade —
negative — non ares non are non aremos non aredes —
personal infinitive eu
ei 		tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee 		nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		eles
elas
arar arares arar ararmos arardes araren

1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well.

2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Descendants

  • Galician: arar
  • Portuguese: arar

Further reading

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese arar, from Latin arāre, from Proto-Italic *araō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti (“to plough”), from the root *h₂erh₃-.

Pronunciation

 
 

Verb

arar (first-person singular present aro, first-person singular preterite arei, past participle arado)

  1. to plough (to use a plough to open furrows)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal arar
Personal arar arares arar ararmos arardes ararem
Gerund
arando
Past participle
Masculine arado arados
Feminine arada aradas
Indicative
Present aro aras ara aramos arais aram
Imperfect arava aravas arava arávamos aráveis aravam
Preterite arei araste arou aramos1, arámos2 arastes araram
Pluperfect arara araras arara aráramos aráreis araram
Future ararei ararás arará araremos arareis ararão
Conditional araria ararias araria araríamos araríeis arariam
Subjunctive
Present are ares are aremos areis arem
Imperfect arasse arasses arasse arássemos arásseis arassem
Future arar arares arar ararmos arardes ararem
Imperative
Affirmative ara are aremos arai arem
Negative (não) não ares não are não aremos não areis não arem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Romanian

Etymology

From a +‎ rar.

Adverb

arar

  1. rarely

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aˈɾaɾ/ [aˈɾaɾ]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: a‧rar

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English arar, from Arabic عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar).

Alternative forms

Noun

arar m (plural arares)

  1. sandarac tree, Tetraclinis
    Synonym: alerce africano
  2. common juniper, Juniperus communis
    Synonym: enebro

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin arāre, from Proto-Italic *araō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti (“to plough”), from the root *h₂erh₃-.

Verb

arar (first-person singular present aro, first-person singular preterite aré, past participle arado)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to plough, plow
Conjugation
    Conjugation of arar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive arar
gerund arando
past participle masculine feminine
singular arado arada
plural arados aradas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present aro arastú
arásvos 		ara aramos aráis aran
imperfect araba arabas araba arábamos arabais araban
preterite aré araste aró aramos arasteis araron
future araré ararás arará araremos araréis ararán
conditional araría ararías araría araríamos araríais ararían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present are arestú
arésvos2 		are aremos aréis aren
imperfect
(ra) 		arara araras arara aráramos ararais araran
imperfect
(se) 		arase arases arase arásemos araseis arasen
future1 arare arares arare aráremos arareis araren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative aratú
arávos 		are aremos arad aren
negative no ares no are no aremos no aréis no aren

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of arar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive arar
dative ararme ararte ararle, ararse ararnos araros ararles, ararse
accusative ararme ararte ararlo, ararla, ararse ararnos araros ararlos, ararlas, ararse
with gerund arando
dative arándome arándote arándole, arándose arándonos arándoos arándoles, arándose
accusative arándome arándote arándolo, arándola, arándose arándonos arándoos arándolos, arándolas, arándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ara
dative árame árate árale áranos not used árales
accusative árame árate áralo, árala áranos not used áralos, áralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ará
dative arame arate arale aranos not used arales
accusative arame arate aralo, arala aranos not used aralos, aralas
with formal second-person singular imperative are
dative áreme not used árele, árese árenos not used áreles
accusative áreme not used árelo, árela, árese árenos not used árelos, árelas
with first-person plural imperative aremos
dative not used arémoste arémosle arémonos arémoos arémosles
accusative not used arémoste arémoslo, arémosla arémonos arémoos arémoslos, arémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative arad
dative aradme not used aradle aradnos araos aradles
accusative aradme not used aradlo, aradla aradnos araos aradlos, aradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative aren
dative árenme not used árenle árennos not used árenles, árense
accusative árenme not used árenlo, árenla árennos not used árenlos, árenlas, árense
Derived terms

Further reading

Venetian

Etymology

From Latin arāre, present active infinitive of arō. Compare Italian arare.

Verb

arar

  1. (transitive) To plough

Conjugation

  • Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of arar (first conjugation)
infinitive arar
auxiliary verb aver gerund arando
past participle arà
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present aro (te) ari (el/ła) ara arémo, aròn aré (i/łe) ara
imperfect arava (te) aravi (el/ła) arava aràvimo aravi (i/łe) arava
future ararò (te) ararè (el/ła) ararà ararémo ararè (i/łe) ararà
conditional mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present ararìa (te) ararisi (el/ła) ararìa ararìsimo ararisi (i/łe) ararìa
subjunctive che mi che ti che eło / eła che noialtri / noialtre che voialtri / voialtre che łuri / łore
present are, ara (te) ari (el/ła) are, (el/ła) ara arémo, arone aré (i/łe) are, (i/łe) ara
imperfect arase (te) arasi (el/ła) arase aràsimo arasi (i/łe) arase
imperative — ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
— (te) ara (el/ła) ara, (el/ła) are arémo aré (i/łe) ara, (i/łe) are
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