Papers by Gül Gürtekin Demir
Anatolian Studies
This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of Lydian pottery excavated at Dask... more This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of Lydian pottery excavated at Daskyleion between 1988 and 2002. Before becoming the satrapal centre of Hellespontine Phrygia in the Achaemenid period, to judge by the historical and archaeological evidence, Daskyleion had close interrelations with the Lydian kingdom. Previous stylistic and macroscopic fabric studies of Lydian pottery from Daskyleion have shown that as well as items produced in the Lydian capital of Sardis, ceramics may also have been imported from other production centres in the region of Greater Lydia (Gürtekin-Demir 2002). New chemical analysis by neutron activation (NAA) of 31 samples from Daskyleion presented here confirms this suggestion. We determined four chemical provenance groups of Lydian pottery, each of them defined by an element pattern which is distinct from the pottery made in Sardis. Although these four provenance groups cannot be located at present due to the lack of reference data from ...
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Anatolian Studies , 2022
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Ramage, A. - Ramage, N.H. - Gürtekin-Demir, R.G., Ordinary Lydians at Home: The Lydian Trenches at the House of Bronzes and Pactolus Cliff at Sardis, Vols. I & II (Report 8, The Sardis Expedition, Cambridge, MA)., 2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Series Editor’s Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... more TABLE OF CONTENTS
Series Editor’s Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
List of illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter 1 E nds and Beginnings: Political Change and Daily Life
at Sardis in Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Times
Andrea M. Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2 A Painted Relief Stand from Clazomenae: General
Characteristics and Individual Style
Hüseyin Cevizoğlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 3 T he Lessons of Archaeometric Data on East Greek
Pottery Finds from Bayraklı
Pierre Dupont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter 4 Painting with Fire and Smoke: Standradisation and
Variation of Pottery from Clazomenae during the
Archaic period (7th–Early 5th Century BC)
Yaşar Erkan Ersoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 5 H umble Materials? The Terracotta Figurines and Tiles
of Mermnad Sardis
Frances Gallart Marques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 6 T he Black-Glazed Pottery from Clazomenae
İlkan Hasdağlı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Chapter 7 Grey or Painted it is the Shape that Matters (Mobile
Potters and Fashion Trends in Ceramics: the Case
Study of the Pottery Koine of the North-Eastern
Aegean in the Late 8th–7th Centuries BC)
Petya Ilieva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Chapter 8 Fikellura Mugs from Taxiarchis Hill at Didyma
Karoline Lölhöffel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Chapter 9 Pottery Remains from the Archaic Settlement Underneath
the Tetragonos Agora, Ephesos: A Chronological
Case Study of Ionian Settlement Pottery
Alexandra C.J. von Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Chapter 10 Pottery from an Archaic House in Antandrus
Yasemin Polat, Onur Zunal and Seçil Üney . . . . . . . . 201
Chapter 11 T he Hand of the Pot Painter in Early Lydia
Nancy H. Ramage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Chapter 12 D id Style Matter? The Selection and Use of Local and
Imported Drinking Vessels from the Archaic Deposit
on Taxiarchis Hill at Didyma
Bettina Reichardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Chapter 13 A Group of Archaic Pottery from Çandarlı at the Izmir
Archaeological Museum
Aslı Saka and Rabia Aktaş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter 14 L aconia and East Greece: Cultural Exchange in the
Archaic Period
Gerald P. Schaus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Chapter 15 T ransport Amphorae from the Destruction Layer at the
Menekşe Çatağı Settlement in the Propontis
Roman V. Stoyanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 16 C lazomenian Wave-Line Pottery
Kozan Uzun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Chapter 17 T he Pottery with Non-Verbal Graffiti and Dipinti from
Dascylium
Handan Yıldızhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Chapter 18 Artists and Collaborators: A New Look at Clazomenian
Sarcophagi
S. Melike Zeren-Hasdağlı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
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Lydian Kingdom is one of the important Anatolian cultures renowned for its prosperity, fertile la... more Lydian Kingdom is one of the important Anatolian cultures renowned for its prosperity, fertile lands and mighty kings. The Lydian region is geographically located in an area where it can receive Greek influences from her Ionian neighbors, and Phrygian along with other Near Eastern influences from her eastern neighbor. Important archaeological evidence for the Lydian culture comes from the Sardis excavations as well as from the illegally excavated tumuli in the eastern and northeastern parts of Lydia. Traces of characteristic Lydian elements may be observed on the remains belonging to the period of the Mermnad rule, during the reigns between Gyges, ca. second quarter of the seventh century and the mid-sixth century BC, when the Persians destroyed Croesus' Kingdom. The Lydian cultural influence continued especially during the early period of the Achaemenid rule, which may be observed on the remains from the tumuli and other archaeological remains at Sardis. There seems to be an infusion of cultural interaction that combines elements of the Lydian, Greek, Persian, and Phrygian cultures as well as of other local Anatolian traits. This may be an indication that Lydian art is more eclectic and open to new ideas rather than being strictly conservative. This study aims to analyze the depictions on metal and ivory artifacts, terracotta statuettes, architectural terracottas, wall paintings and pottery where the cultural cooperation is basically observed.
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Anatolian Studies, 2002
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Journal of Field Archaeology , 2011
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American Journal of Archaeology, 2014
Abstract
The Lydians originally lived alongside peoples of various
ethnic cultures in an area s... more Abstract
The Lydians originally lived alongside peoples of various
ethnic cultures in an area surrounded by Ionia to the
west, Phrygia to the east, Mysia to the north, and Caria to
the south. This core territory expanded during Mermnad
rule in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E., especially in
the reign of Croesus (ca. 560–546 B.C.E.). Local pottery
at the Lydian capital of Sardis is a starting point for identifying
both the regional aspects of Lydian pottery and its
eclecticism, which includes elements from eastern Greek
and Phrygian pottery and common conventions of Anatolian
painting. It might seem challenging and difficult
to distinguish these individual elements, but this cultural
mixing is exactly what characterizes Lydian pottery. This
article explores the Phrygian features or influences on
the Lydian painted pottery from Sardis.*
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Historiography by Gül Gürtekin Demir
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Books by Gül Gürtekin Demir
Lydian Painted Pottery Abroad. The Gordion Excavations, 1950-1973. Gordion Special Studies IX. University Museum Monograph 156. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology., 2021
This book is the first major study of Lydian material culture at Gordion and also the first publi... more This book is the first major study of Lydian material culture at Gordion and also the first published monograph on Lydian painted pottery from any site excavation. Richly illustrated, it provides
a comprehensive definition and analysis of Lydian ceramics based on stylistic, archaeological, and textual evidence, while thoroughly documenting the material’s stratigraphic contexts. The book situates the ceramic corpus within its broader Anatolian cultural context and offers insights into the impact of Lydian cultural interfaces at Gordion.
The Lydian pottery found at Gordion was largely produced at centers other than Sardis, the Lydian royal capital, although Sardian imports are also well attested and began to influence Gordion’s material culture as early as the 7th century BCE, if not before. Following the demise of the Lydian kingdom, a more limited repertoire of Lydian ceramics demonstrably continued in use at Gordion into the Achaemenid Persian period in the late 6th and 5th centuries BCE.
The material was excavated by Professor Rodney Young’s team between 1950 and 1973 and is fully presented here for the first time. Ongoing research in the decades following Young’s excavations has led to a more refined understanding of Gordion’s archaeological contexts and chronology, and, consequently, we are now able to view the Lydian ceramic corpus within a more secure stratigraphic framework than would have been the case if the material had been published shortly after the excavations.
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Book Reviews by Gül Gürtekin Demir
BMCR 2022 12 32 Summers on Gurtekin Demir Lydian painted pottery abroad the Gordion excavations 19, 2022
This handsome, specialist volume amounts to much more than the detailed catalogue of Lydian and L... more This handsome, specialist volume amounts to much more than the detailed catalogue of Lydian and Lydianizing pottery excavated by the late Rodney Young at the Phrygian capital of Gordion. Gordion came under Lydian control from sometime in the early sixth century BCE until the Persian invasion of ca. 547. Thereafter it fell within the Achaemenid Empire down to 333 BCE when Alexander the Great famously cut the Gordion Knot. Thus the chronological range of this study extends from the seventh century down to the early fourth. It should be made clear that this is a study of whole pots and nice pieces almost all of which are painted, and that even these exceptional pieces represent only what Rodney Young decided to keep in the course of his extensive, highly productive, excavations. In addition to providing detailed contextual information that will be invaluable to those working at Gordion itself, the volume provides an overview covering Anatolia beyond the homeland of the Lydian Kingdom, which in practice is very largely restricted to the capital at Sardis. Included in this wider picture is analysis of function together with discussion of the implications for moving towards interpretation of daily life, ritual life and afterlife at Gordion. No one could be better positioned to undertake this in-depth study than Gül Gürtekin-Demir who has extensively published on Lydian pottery from Sardis itself, Daskyleion, and elsewhere. Although the subtitle of the book is restricted to excavations that took place between 1950 and 1973, it takes full cognizance of more recent fieldwork conducted by Mary Voigt, together with publications that have resulted from it, as well as the small amount of relevant material found by the Körte brothers in 1900. Gürtekin-Demir was herself able to examine material from Voigt's trenches at first hand, benefitting from close collaboration with members of the Gordion team. While it is obviously impossible to publish a study of this type that contains results from the very latest fieldwork at the time of going to press, the present work lays excellent foundations for study of the pottery from Brian Rose's current campaigns. This ongoing fieldwork includes the uncovering of what is very probably the palatial residence of a Lydian governor of Gordion beneath a collapsed terracotta tile roof (Rose 2021, 51). It is to be hoped that Gürtekin-Demir will, in due course, make a study of the Lydian pottery from these ongoing excavations.
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Papers by Gül Gürtekin Demir
Series Editor’s Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
List of illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter 1 E nds and Beginnings: Political Change and Daily Life
at Sardis in Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Times
Andrea M. Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2 A Painted Relief Stand from Clazomenae: General
Characteristics and Individual Style
Hüseyin Cevizoğlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 3 T he Lessons of Archaeometric Data on East Greek
Pottery Finds from Bayraklı
Pierre Dupont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter 4 Painting with Fire and Smoke: Standradisation and
Variation of Pottery from Clazomenae during the
Archaic period (7th–Early 5th Century BC)
Yaşar Erkan Ersoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 5 H umble Materials? The Terracotta Figurines and Tiles
of Mermnad Sardis
Frances Gallart Marques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 6 T he Black-Glazed Pottery from Clazomenae
İlkan Hasdağlı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Chapter 7 Grey or Painted it is the Shape that Matters (Mobile
Potters and Fashion Trends in Ceramics: the Case
Study of the Pottery Koine of the North-Eastern
Aegean in the Late 8th–7th Centuries BC)
Petya Ilieva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Chapter 8 Fikellura Mugs from Taxiarchis Hill at Didyma
Karoline Lölhöffel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Chapter 9 Pottery Remains from the Archaic Settlement Underneath
the Tetragonos Agora, Ephesos: A Chronological
Case Study of Ionian Settlement Pottery
Alexandra C.J. von Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Chapter 10 Pottery from an Archaic House in Antandrus
Yasemin Polat, Onur Zunal and Seçil Üney . . . . . . . . 201
Chapter 11 T he Hand of the Pot Painter in Early Lydia
Nancy H. Ramage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Chapter 12 D id Style Matter? The Selection and Use of Local and
Imported Drinking Vessels from the Archaic Deposit
on Taxiarchis Hill at Didyma
Bettina Reichardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Chapter 13 A Group of Archaic Pottery from Çandarlı at the Izmir
Archaeological Museum
Aslı Saka and Rabia Aktaş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter 14 L aconia and East Greece: Cultural Exchange in the
Archaic Period
Gerald P. Schaus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Chapter 15 T ransport Amphorae from the Destruction Layer at the
Menekşe Çatağı Settlement in the Propontis
Roman V. Stoyanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 16 C lazomenian Wave-Line Pottery
Kozan Uzun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Chapter 17 T he Pottery with Non-Verbal Graffiti and Dipinti from
Dascylium
Handan Yıldızhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Chapter 18 Artists and Collaborators: A New Look at Clazomenian
Sarcophagi
S. Melike Zeren-Hasdağlı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
The Lydians originally lived alongside peoples of various
ethnic cultures in an area surrounded by Ionia to the
west, Phrygia to the east, Mysia to the north, and Caria to
the south. This core territory expanded during Mermnad
rule in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E., especially in
the reign of Croesus (ca. 560–546 B.C.E.). Local pottery
at the Lydian capital of Sardis is a starting point for identifying
both the regional aspects of Lydian pottery and its
eclecticism, which includes elements from eastern Greek
and Phrygian pottery and common conventions of Anatolian
painting. It might seem challenging and difficult
to distinguish these individual elements, but this cultural
mixing is exactly what characterizes Lydian pottery. This
article explores the Phrygian features or influences on
the Lydian painted pottery from Sardis.*
Historiography by Gül Gürtekin Demir
Books by Gül Gürtekin Demir
a comprehensive definition and analysis of Lydian ceramics based on stylistic, archaeological, and textual evidence, while thoroughly documenting the material’s stratigraphic contexts. The book situates the ceramic corpus within its broader Anatolian cultural context and offers insights into the impact of Lydian cultural interfaces at Gordion.
The Lydian pottery found at Gordion was largely produced at centers other than Sardis, the Lydian royal capital, although Sardian imports are also well attested and began to influence Gordion’s material culture as early as the 7th century BCE, if not before. Following the demise of the Lydian kingdom, a more limited repertoire of Lydian ceramics demonstrably continued in use at Gordion into the Achaemenid Persian period in the late 6th and 5th centuries BCE.
The material was excavated by Professor Rodney Young’s team between 1950 and 1973 and is fully presented here for the first time. Ongoing research in the decades following Young’s excavations has led to a more refined understanding of Gordion’s archaeological contexts and chronology, and, consequently, we are now able to view the Lydian ceramic corpus within a more secure stratigraphic framework than would have been the case if the material had been published shortly after the excavations.
Book Reviews by Gül Gürtekin Demir
Series Editor’s Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
List of illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter 1 E nds and Beginnings: Political Change and Daily Life
at Sardis in Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Times
Andrea M. Berlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2 A Painted Relief Stand from Clazomenae: General
Characteristics and Individual Style
Hüseyin Cevizoğlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 3 T he Lessons of Archaeometric Data on East Greek
Pottery Finds from Bayraklı
Pierre Dupont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter 4 Painting with Fire and Smoke: Standradisation and
Variation of Pottery from Clazomenae during the
Archaic period (7th–Early 5th Century BC)
Yaşar Erkan Ersoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 5 H umble Materials? The Terracotta Figurines and Tiles
of Mermnad Sardis
Frances Gallart Marques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 6 T he Black-Glazed Pottery from Clazomenae
İlkan Hasdağlı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Chapter 7 Grey or Painted it is the Shape that Matters (Mobile
Potters and Fashion Trends in Ceramics: the Case
Study of the Pottery Koine of the North-Eastern
Aegean in the Late 8th–7th Centuries BC)
Petya Ilieva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Chapter 8 Fikellura Mugs from Taxiarchis Hill at Didyma
Karoline Lölhöffel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Chapter 9 Pottery Remains from the Archaic Settlement Underneath
the Tetragonos Agora, Ephesos: A Chronological
Case Study of Ionian Settlement Pottery
Alexandra C.J. von Miller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Chapter 10 Pottery from an Archaic House in Antandrus
Yasemin Polat, Onur Zunal and Seçil Üney . . . . . . . . 201
Chapter 11 T he Hand of the Pot Painter in Early Lydia
Nancy H. Ramage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Chapter 12 D id Style Matter? The Selection and Use of Local and
Imported Drinking Vessels from the Archaic Deposit
on Taxiarchis Hill at Didyma
Bettina Reichardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Chapter 13 A Group of Archaic Pottery from Çandarlı at the Izmir
Archaeological Museum
Aslı Saka and Rabia Aktaş . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter 14 L aconia and East Greece: Cultural Exchange in the
Archaic Period
Gerald P. Schaus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Chapter 15 T ransport Amphorae from the Destruction Layer at the
Menekşe Çatağı Settlement in the Propontis
Roman V. Stoyanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 16 C lazomenian Wave-Line Pottery
Kozan Uzun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Chapter 17 T he Pottery with Non-Verbal Graffiti and Dipinti from
Dascylium
Handan Yıldızhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Chapter 18 Artists and Collaborators: A New Look at Clazomenian
Sarcophagi
S. Melike Zeren-Hasdağlı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
The Lydians originally lived alongside peoples of various
ethnic cultures in an area surrounded by Ionia to the
west, Phrygia to the east, Mysia to the north, and Caria to
the south. This core territory expanded during Mermnad
rule in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E., especially in
the reign of Croesus (ca. 560–546 B.C.E.). Local pottery
at the Lydian capital of Sardis is a starting point for identifying
both the regional aspects of Lydian pottery and its
eclecticism, which includes elements from eastern Greek
and Phrygian pottery and common conventions of Anatolian
painting. It might seem challenging and difficult
to distinguish these individual elements, but this cultural
mixing is exactly what characterizes Lydian pottery. This
article explores the Phrygian features or influences on
the Lydian painted pottery from Sardis.*
a comprehensive definition and analysis of Lydian ceramics based on stylistic, archaeological, and textual evidence, while thoroughly documenting the material’s stratigraphic contexts. The book situates the ceramic corpus within its broader Anatolian cultural context and offers insights into the impact of Lydian cultural interfaces at Gordion.
The Lydian pottery found at Gordion was largely produced at centers other than Sardis, the Lydian royal capital, although Sardian imports are also well attested and began to influence Gordion’s material culture as early as the 7th century BCE, if not before. Following the demise of the Lydian kingdom, a more limited repertoire of Lydian ceramics demonstrably continued in use at Gordion into the Achaemenid Persian period in the late 6th and 5th centuries BCE.
The material was excavated by Professor Rodney Young’s team between 1950 and 1973 and is fully presented here for the first time. Ongoing research in the decades following Young’s excavations has led to a more refined understanding of Gordion’s archaeological contexts and chronology, and, consequently, we are now able to view the Lydian ceramic corpus within a more secure stratigraphic framework than would have been the case if the material had been published shortly after the excavations.