research-article

TrackCap: Enabling Smartphones for 3D Interaction on Mobile Head-Mounted Displays

Authors:

Markus Tatzgern,

Tobias Langlotz,

Dieter Schmalstieg,

Denis KalkofenAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Paper No.: 585, Pages 1 - 11

https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300815

Published: 02 May 2019 Publication History

Abstract

The latest generation of consumer market Head-mounted displays (HMD) now include self-contained inside-out tracking of head motions, which makes them suitable for mobile applications. However, 3D tracking of input devices is either not included at all or requires to keep the device in sight, so that it can be observed from a sensor mounted on the HMD. Both approaches make natural interactions cumbersome in mobile applications. TrackCap, a novel approach for 3D tracking of input devices, turns a conventional smartphone into a precise 6DOF input device for an HMD user. The device can be conveniently operated both inside and outside the HMD's field of view, while it provides additional 2D input and output capabilities.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (paper585p.mp4)

Preview video

Download
3.58 MB

MP4 File (pn5492.mp4)

Supplemental video

Download
93.97 MB

MP4 File (paper585.mp4)

Download
358.46 MB

References

[1]

2011. ISO 9241--420:2011: Ergonomics of human-system interaction -- Part 420: Selection of physical input devices, International Standard, International Organization for Standardization.

[2]

Christoph W. Borst and Arun P. Indugula. 2005. Realistic Virtual Grasping. In Proc. of IEEE VR. 91--98.

Digital Library

[3]

Doug A. Bowman and Larry F. Hodges. 1997. An Evaluation of Techniques for Grabbing and Manipulating Remote Objects in Immersive Virtual Environments. In Proc. of I3D. 35--ff.

Digital Library

[4]

Nathan Cournia, John D. Smith, and Andrew T. Duchowski. 2003. Gazevs. Hand-based Pointing in Virtual Environments. In Proceedings of CHI Extended Abstracts. 772--773.

Digital Library

[5]

Catherine O. Fritz, Peter E. Morris, and Jennifer J. Richler. 2012. Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141, 1 (2012), 2--18.

[6]

Chris Harrison, Desney Tan, and Dan Morris. 2010. Skinput: Appropriating the Body As an Input Surface. In Proc. of CHI. 453--462.

Digital Library

[7]

Sandra G Hart and Lowell E Staveland. 1988. Development of NASATLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. Advances in psychology 52 (1988), 139--183.

[8]

Juan David Hincapié-Ramos, Kasim Ozacar, Pourang P. Irani, and Yoshifumi Kitamura. 2015. GyroWand: IMU-based Raycasting for Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Displays. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction. 89--98.

Digital Library

[9]

Ken Hinckley, Mike Sinclair, Erik Hanson, Richard Szeliski, and Matt Conway. 1999. The VideoMouse: A Camera-based Multi-degree-offreedom Input Device. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '99). 103--112.

Digital Library

[10]

Teresa Hirzle, Jan Rixen, Jan Gugenheimer, and Enrico Rukzio. 2018. WatchVR: Exploring the Usage of a Smartwatch for Interaction in Mobile Virtual Reality. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '18). ACM, Article LBW634, LBW634:1--LBW634:6 pages.

Digital Library

[11]

Daniel Holz, Sebastian Ullrich, Marc Wolter, and Torsten Kuhlen. 2008. Multi-Contact Grasp Interaction for Virtual Environments. JVRB Journal of Virtual Reality and Broadcasting 5(2008), 7 (2008).

[12]

Jan Jacobs and Bernd Froehlich. 2011. A soft hand model for physicallybased manipulation of virtual objects. In IEEE VR. 11--18.

Digital Library

[13]

Jorge Jimenez, Diego Gutierrez, and Pedro Latorre. 2008. Gaze-based Interaction for Virtual Environments. j-jucs 14, 19 (2008), 3085--3098.

[14]

T. Karitsuka and K. Sato. 2003. A wearable mixed reality with an onboard projector. In The Second IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2003. Proceedings. 321--322.

Digital Library

[15]

Daniel Kharlamov, Brandon Woodard, Liudmila Tahai, and Krzysztof Pietroszek. 2016. TickTockRay: Smartwatch-based 3D Pointing for Smartphone-based Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 22Nd ACM Conference on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. ACM, 365--366.

Digital Library

[16]

Volodymyr V. Kindratenko. 2000. A survey of electromagnetic position tracker calibration techniques. Virtual Reality 5, 3 (Sep 2000), 169--182.

Digital Library

[17]

Tobias Langlotz, Elias Tappeiner, Stefanie Zollmann, Jonathan Ventura, and Holger Regenbrecht. 2018. Urban Pointing: Browsing Situated Media Using Accurate Pointing Interfaces. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, LBW604:1--LBW604:6.

Digital Library

[18]

J.J. LaViola, E. Kruijff, D.A. Bowman, I.P. Poupyrev, and R.P. McMahan. 2017. 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice. Pearson Education, Limited.

[19]

V. Lepetit, F.Moreno-Noguer, and P.Fua. 2009. EPnP: An Accurate O(n) Solution to the PnP Problem. International Journal Computer Vision 81, 2 (2009).

Digital Library

[20]

Paul Lubos, Gerd Bruder, and Frank Steinicke. 2014. Analysis of Direct Selection in Head-Mounted Display Environments. In IEEE 3DUI. 11-- 18.

[21]

Pranav Mistry and Pattie Maes. 2009. SixthSense: A Wearable Gestural Interface. In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA Sketches. Article 11, 1 pages.

Digital Library

[22]

Gerhard Reitmayr, Chris Chiu, Alexander Kusternig, Michael Kusternig, and Hannes Witzmann. 2005. iOrb - Unifying Command and 3D Input for Mobile Augmented Reality. In Proc. IEEE Virtual Reality Workshop on New Diretions in 3D User Interfaces.

[23]

Michael Rohs. 2005. Real-World Interaction with Camera Phones. In Ubiquitous Computing Systems, Hitomi Murakami, Hideyuki Nakashima, Hideyuki Tokuda, and Michiaki Yasumura (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 74--89.

Digital Library

[24]

Jeff Sauro and Joseph S. Dumas. 2009. Comparison of Three Onequestion, Post-task Usability Questionnaires. In ACM CHI. 1599--1608.

Digital Library

[25]

Anthony Talvas, Maud Marchal, and Anatole Lécuyer. 2013. The god finger method for improving 3D interaction with virtual objects through simulation of contact area. In 3DUI. IEEE, 111--114.

[26]

Vildan Tanriverdi and Robert J. K. Jacob. 2000. Interacting with Eye Movements in Virtual Environments. In Proc. of CHI. 265--272.

Digital Library

[27]

Jonathan Taylor, Lucas Bordeaux, Thomas Cashman, Bob Corish, Cem Keskin, Toby Sharp, Eduardo Soto, David Sweeney, Julien Valentin, Benjamin Luff, Arran Topalian, Erroll Wood, Sameh Khamis, Pushmeet Kohli, Shahram Izadi, Richard Banks, Andrew Fitzgibbon, and Jamie Shotton. 2016. Efficient and Precise Interactive Hand Tracking Through Joint, Continuous Optimization of Pose and Correspondences. ACM Trans. Graph. 35, 4, Article 143 (July 2016), 12 pages.

Digital Library

[28]

Robert J Teather and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. 2014. Visual aids in 3D point selection experiments. In Proc. of SUI. 127--136.

Digital Library

[29]

Lode Vanacken, Tovi Grossman, and Karin Coninx. 2007. Exploring the Effects of Environment Density and Target Visibility on Object Selection in 3D Virtual Environments. In 3DUI. 27.

[30]

Greg Welch, Gary Bishop, Leandra Vicci, Stephen Brumback, Kurtis Keller, and D'nardo Colucci. 1999. The HiBall Tracker: Highperformance Wide-area Tracking for Virtual and Augmented Environments. In Proceedings of ACM VRST. 1--ff.

Digital Library

[31]

Andrew D Wilson and Hrvoje Benko. 2010. Combining multiple depth cameras and projectors for interactions on, above and between surfaces. In Proc. of UIST'10. 273--282.

Digital Library

[32]

G. Yamamoto. 2007. A PALM Interface with Projector-Camera System. UbiComp 2007 Adjunct Proceedings (2007), 276--279.

[33]

Xing-Dong Yang, Edward Mak, David McCallum, Pourang Irani, Xiang Cao, and Shahram Izadi. 2010. LensMouse: Augmenting the Mouse with an Interactive Touch Display. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10). 2431--2440.

Digital Library

[34]

TS Young, RJ Teather, and I Scott Mackenzie. 2017. An arm-mounted inertial controller for 6DOF input: Design and evaluation. Proc. of 3DUI (2017).

Cited By

McDonald BZhang QNanzatov APeña-Castillo LMeruvia-Pastor O(2024)SmartVR Pointer: Using Smartphones and Gaze Orientation for Selection and Navigation in Virtual RealitySensors10.3390/s2416516824:16(5168)Online publication date: 10-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165168
Bashar MBatmaz A(2024)Virtual Task Environments Factors Explored in 3D Selection StudiesProceedings of the 50th Graphics Interface Conference10.1145/3670947.3670983(1-16)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670947.3670983
Perelman GSerrano MDubois E(2024)Exploiting Physical Referent Features as Input for Multidimensional Data Selection in Augmented RealityACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/364861331:4(1-40)Online publication date: 19-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648613
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

TrackCap: Enabling Smartphones for 3D Interaction on Mobile Head-Mounted Displays
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction devices

Recommendations

Understanding Viewport- and World-based Pointing with Everyday Smart Devices in Immersive Augmented Reality
CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Personal smart devices have demonstrated a variety of efficient techniques for pointing and selecting on physical displays. However, when migrating these input techniques to augmented reality, it is both unclear what the relative performance of different ...
SmoothMoves: Smooth Pursuits Head Movements for Augmented Reality
UIST '17: Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

SmoothMoves is an interaction technique for augmented reality (AR) based on smooth pursuits head movements. It works by computing correlations between the movements of on-screen targets and the user's head while tracking those targets. The paper ...
Mixing Realities at Ismar 2009: Scary and Wondrous

The Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (Ismar 2009) combined a traditional science-and-technology track with an art, media, and humanities track to provide a nontraditional cross-disciplinary view of an increasingly ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 2019

9077 pages

ISBN:9781450359702

DOI:10.1145/3290605

General Chairs:
Stephen Brewster
University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
,
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
TU Wien, Austria
,
Program Chairs:
Anna Cox
University College London, UK
,
Vassilis Kostakos
University of Melbourne, Australia

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 May 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

Ősterreichische Forschungsfurderungsgesellschaft mbH (FFG)
Competence Center VRVis

Conference

CHI '19

Sponsor:

SIGCHI

CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 4 - 9, 2019

Glasgow, Scotland Uk

Acceptance Rates

CHI '19 Paper Acceptance Rate 703 of 2,958 submissions, 24%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI '25

Sponsor:
sigchi

CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 26 - May 1, 2025

Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

47
Total Citations
View Citations
1,188
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)161
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)14

Reflects downloads up to 22 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

McDonald BZhang QNanzatov APeña-Castillo LMeruvia-Pastor O(2024)SmartVR Pointer: Using Smartphones and Gaze Orientation for Selection and Navigation in Virtual RealitySensors10.3390/s2416516824:16(5168)Online publication date: 10-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165168
Bashar MBatmaz A(2024)Virtual Task Environments Factors Explored in 3D Selection StudiesProceedings of the 50th Graphics Interface Conference10.1145/3670947.3670983(1-16)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670947.3670983
Perelman GSerrano MDubois E(2024)Exploiting Physical Referent Features as Input for Multidimensional Data Selection in Augmented RealityACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/364861331:4(1-40)Online publication date: 19-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648613
Humml JRösgen TGharib M(2024)Unveiling the Invisible: Interactive Spatial Sensing Transforms Air Flow MeasurementACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Immersive Pavilion10.1145/3641521.3664408(1-2)Online publication date: 27-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641521.3664408
Takeda KManabe H(2024)Screen Augmentation Technique Using AR Glasses and Smartphone without External SensorsExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3648664(1-5)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3648664
Zhu FSousa MSidenmark LGrossman T(2024)PhoneInVR: An Evaluation of Spatial Anchoring and Interaction Techniques for Smartphone Usage in Virtual RealityProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642582(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642582
Grinyer KTeather R(2024)Low-Fi VR Controller: Bringing 6DOF Interaction to Mobile VR2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00378(1168-1169)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00378
Grinyer K(2024)[DC] Supporting Complex Interactions in Mobile Virtual Reality2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00363(1138-1139)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00363
Grinyer KTeather R(2024)Improving Inclusion of Virtual Reality Through Enhancing Interactions in Low-Fidelity VR2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00061(305-310)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00061
Lee BSedlmair MSchmalstieg D(2024)Design Patterns for Situated Visualization in Augmented RealityIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.332739830:1(1324-1335)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3327398
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents