Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3679008.3685544acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesisstaConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Optimising Aggregate Monitors for Spatial Logic of Closure Spaces Properties

Published: 13 September 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The advent of highly distributed systems, such as the Internet of Things, has led to the development of distributed systems that require efficient and resilient runtime monitoring. Among the various monitoring techniques, runtime verification is a lightweight verification method that assesses the correctness of a running system concerning a formal specification. In this paper, we investigate the optimization of aggregate monitors, i.e., monitors that operate on ensembles of devices, for properties expressed in Spatial Logic of Closure Spaces (SLCS)--a formal logic designed to reason about spatial relationships between entities in a distributed system. We propose three different algorithms for the implementation of the "somewhere" operator, a key construct in SLCS, and we evaluate their performance through a series of simulations, comparing their convergence time and computational load.

References

[1]
Gianluca Aguzzi, Roberto Casadei, Niccolò Maltoni, Danilo Pianini, and Mirko Viroli. 2021. ScaFi-Web: A Web-Based Application for Field-Based Coordination Programming. In Coordination Models and Languages - 23rd IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, COORDINATION 2021, Held as Part of the 16th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2021, Valletta, Malta, June 14-18, 2021, Proceedings, Ferruccio Damiani and Ornela Dardha (Eds.) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12717). Springer, 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78142-2_18
[2]
Giorgio Audrito. 2020. FCPP: an efficient and extensible Field Calculus framework. In International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS). IEEE, 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSOS49614.2020.00037
[3]
Giorgio Audrito, Jacob Beal, Ferruccio Damiani, and Mirko Viroli. 2018. Space-Time Universality of Field Calculus. In Coordination Models and Languages (COORDINATION) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10852). Springer, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92408-3_1
[4]
Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, Ferruccio Damiani, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mirko Viroli. 2024. The eXchange Calculus (XC): A functional programming language design for distributed collective systems. J. Syst. Softw., 210 (2024), 111976. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2024.111976
[5]
Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, Ferruccio Damiani, Volker Stolz, and Mirko Viroli. 2021. Adaptive distributed monitors of spatial properties for cyber-physical systems. J. Syst. Softw., 175 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.110908
[6]
Giorgio Audrito, Ferruccio Damiani, Giuseppe Martino Di Giuda, Silvia Meschini, Laura Pellegrini, Elena Seghezzi, Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue, Lorenzo Testa, and Gianluca Torta. 2021. RM for users’ safety and security in the built environment. In VORTEX 2021: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Workshop on Verification and mOnitoring at Runtime EXecution, Virtual Event, Denmark, 12 July 2021, Wolfgang Ahrendt, Davide Ancona, and Adrian Francalanza (Eds.). ACM, 13–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3464974.3468445
[7]
Giorgio Audrito, Ferruccio Damiani, Volker Stolz, Gianluca Torta, and Mirko Viroli. 2022. Distributed runtime verification by past-CTL and the field calculus. J. Syst. Softw., 187 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.111251
[8]
Giorgio Audrito, Ferruccio Damiani, and Gianluca Torta. 2022. Bringing Aggregate Programming Towards the Cloud. In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Adaptation and Learning - 11th International Symposium, ISoLA 2022, Rhodes, Greece, October 22-30, 2022, Proceedings, Part III, Tiziana Margaria and Bernhard Steffen (Eds.) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 13703). Springer, 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19759-8_19
[9]
Giorgio Audrito, Ferruccio Damiani, and Gianluca Torta. 2024. Real-Time Guarantees for SLCS Monitors in XC. In VORTEX 2024: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Workshop on Verification and mOnitoring at Runtime EXecution. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3679008.3685545
[10]
Giorgio Audrito, Luigi Rapetta, and Gianluca Torta. 2022. Extensible 3D Simulation of Aggregated Systems with FCPP. In Coordination Models and Languages - 24th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, COORDINATION 2022, Held as Part of the 17th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2022, Lucca, Italy, June 13-17, 2022, Proceedings, Maurice H. ter Beek and Marjan Sirjani (Eds.) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 13271). Springer, 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08143-9_4
[11]
Giorgio Audrito and Gianluca Torta. 2021. Towards aggregate monitoring of spatio-temporal properties. In VORTEX 2021: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Workshop on Verification and mOnitoring at Runtime EXecution, Virtual Event, Denmark, 12 July 2021, Wolfgang Ahrendt, Davide Ancona, and Adrian Francalanza (Eds.). ACM, 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3464974.3468448
[12]
Giorgio Audrito and Gianluca Torta. 2024. FCPP to aggregate them all. Sci. Comput. Program., 231 (2024), 103026. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCICO.2023.103026
[13]
Jacob Beal, Stefan Dulman, Kyle Usbeck, Mirko Viroli, and Nikolaus Correll. 2013. Organizing the Aggregate: Languages for Spatial Computing. In Formal and Practical Aspects of Domain-Specific Languages: Recent Developments. IGI Global, 436–501. isbn:978-1-4666-2092-6 https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2092-6.ch016
[14]
Jacob Beal, Danilo Pianini, and Mirko Viroli. 2015. Aggregate Programming for the Internet of Things. IEEE Computer, 48, 9 (2015), 22–30. isbn:1471-2962 issn:1364-503X https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2015.261
[15]
Pierfrancesco Bellini, R. Mattonlini, and Paolo Nesi. 2000. Temporal logics for real-time system specification. ACM Comput. Surv., 32, 1 (2000), 12–42. https://doi.org/10.1145/349194.349197
[16]
Marc Carwehl, Thomas Vogel, Genaína Nunes Rodrigues, and Lars Grunske. 2024. Runtime Verification of Self-Adaptive Systems with Changing Requirements. In Software Engineering 2024, Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, Linz, Austria, February 26 - March 1, 2024, Rick Rabiser, Manuel Wimmer, Iris Groher, Andreas Wortmann, and Bianca Wiesmayr (Eds.) (LNI, Vol. P-343). Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 151–152. https://doi.org/10.18420/SW2024_50
[17]
Roberto Casadei. 2023. Macroprogramming: Concepts, State of the Art, and Opportunities of Macroscopic Behaviour Modelling. ACM Comput. Surv., 55, 13s (2023), 275:1–275:37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3579353
[18]
Roberto Casadei, Mirko Viroli, Gianluca Aguzzi, and Danilo Pianini. 2022. ScaFi: A Scala DSL and Toolkit for Aggregate Programming. SoftwareX, 20 (2022), 101248. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOFTX.2022.101248
[19]
Vincenzo Ciancia, Diego Latella, Michele Loreti, and Mieke Massink. 2016. Model Checking Spatial Logics for Closure Spaces. Log. Methods Comput. Sci., 12, 4 (2016), https://doi.org/10.2168/LMCS-12(4:2)2016
[20]
Yliès Falcone, Srdan Krstic, Giles Reger, and Dmitriy Traytel. 2021. A taxonomy for classifying runtime verification tools. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf., 23, 2 (2021), 255–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10009-021-00609-Z
[21]
Adrian Francalanza, Jorge A. Pérez, and César Sánchez. 2018. Runtime Verification for Decentralised and Distributed Systems. In Lectures on Runtime Verification - Introductory and Advanced Topics (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10457). Springer, 176–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75632-5_6
[22]
Klaus Havelund and Grigore Rosu. 2004. An Overview of the Runtime Verification Tool Java PathExplorer. Formal Methods Syst. Des., 24, 2 (2004), 189–215. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:FORM.0000017721.39909.4B
[23]
Leslie Lamport. 1978. Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System. Commun. ACM, 21, 7 (1978), 558–565.
[24]
K. Rustan M. Leino. 2013. Developing verified programs with dafny. In 35th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE ’13, San Francisco, CA, USA, May 18-26, 2013, David Notkin, Betty H. C. Cheng, and Klaus Pohl (Eds.). IEEE Computer Society, 1488–1490. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606754
[25]
Martin Leucker and Christian Schallhart. 2009. A brief account of runtime verification. J. Log. Algebr. Program., 78, 5 (2009), 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlap.2008.08.004
[26]
Kenneth L. McMillan and Oded Padon. 2020. Ivy: A Multi-modal Verification Tool for Distributed Algorithms. In Computer Aided Verification - 32nd International Conference, CAV 2020, Los Angeles, CA, USA, July 21-24, 2020, Proceedings, Part II, Shuvendu K. Lahiri and Chao Wang (Eds.) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12225). Springer, 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53291-8_12
[27]
Yuanqiu Mo, Giorgio Audrito, Soura Dasgupta, and Jacob Beal. 2022. Near-optimal knowledge-free resilient leader election. Autom., 146 (2022), 110583. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTOMATICA.2022.110583
[28]
Danilo Pianini, Jacob Beal, and Mirko Viroli. 2016. Improving Gossip Dynamics Through Overlapping Replicates. In Coordination Models and Languages - 18th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, COORDINATION 2016, Held as Part of the 11th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2016, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 6-9, 2016, Proceedings, Alberto Lluch-Lafuente and José Proença (Eds.) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9686). Springer, 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39519-7_12
[29]
Danilo Pianini, Sara Montagna, and Mirko Viroli. 2013. Chemical-oriented simulation of computational systems with ALCHEMIST. J. Simulation, 7, 3 (2013), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1057/jos.2012.27
[30]
Danilo Pianini, Mirko Viroli, and Jacob Beal. 2015. Protelis: Practical Aggregate Programming. In ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC). 1846–1853. https://doi.org/10.1145/2695664.2695913
[31]
César Sánchez, Gerardo Schneider, Wolfgang Ahrendt, Ezio Bartocci, Domenico Bianculli, Christian Colombo, Yliès Falcone, Adrian Francalanza, Srdan Krstic, João M. Lourenço, Dejan Nickovic, Gordon J. Pace, José Rufino, Julien Signoles, Dmitriy Traytel, and Alexander Weiss. 2019. A survey of challenges for runtime verification from advanced application domains (beyond software). Formal Methods Syst. Des., 54, 3 (2019), 279–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10703-019-00337-W
[32]
Mirko Viroli, Giorgio Audrito, Jacob Beal, Ferruccio Damiani, and Danilo Pianini. 2018. Engineering Resilient Collective Adaptive Systems by Self-Stabilisation. ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul., 28, 2 (2018), 1–16. issn:1049-3301
[33]
Mirko Viroli, Jacob Beal, Ferruccio Damiani, Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, and Danilo Pianini. 2018. From Field-Based Coordination to Aggregate Computing. In Coordination Models and Languages (COORDINATION) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10852). Springer, 252–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92408-3_12

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Real-Time Guarantees for SLCS Monitors in XCProceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution10.1145/3679008.3685545(32-37)Online publication date: 13-Sep-2024

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
VORTEX 2024: Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution
September 2024
51 pages
ISBN:9798400711190
DOI:10.1145/3679008
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 13 September 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. aggregate computing
  2. runtime verification
  3. spatial logic

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

  • Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
  • Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca

Conference

VORTEX '24
Sponsor:

Upcoming Conference

ISSTA '25

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)51
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)14
Reflects downloads up to 14 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Real-Time Guarantees for SLCS Monitors in XCProceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution10.1145/3679008.3685545(32-37)Online publication date: 13-Sep-2024

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media