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Temporal logics for real-time system specification

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ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Volume 32, Issue 1

Pages 12 - 42

https://doi.org/10.1145/349194.349197

Published: 01 March 2000 Publication History

Abstract

The specification of reactive and real-time systems must be supported by formal, mathematically-founded methods in order to be satisfactory and reliable. Temporal logics have been used to this end for several years. Temporal logics allow the specification of system behavior in terms of logical formulas, including temporal constraints, events, and the relationships between the two. In the last ten years, temporal logics have reached a high degree of expressiveness. Most of the temporal logics proposed in the last few years can be used for specifying reactive systems, although not all are suitable for specifying real-time systems. In this paper we present a series of criteria for assessing the capabilities of temporal logics for the specification, validation, and verification of real-time systems. Among the criteria are the logic's expressiveness, the logic's order, presence of a metric for time, the type of temporal operators, the fundamental time entity, and the structure of time. We examine a selection of temporal logics proposed in the literature. To make the comparison clearer, a set of typical specifications is identified and used with most of the temporal logics considered, thus presenting the reader with a number of real examples.

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Reviews

Reviewer: Ralph Walter Wilkerson

In order to study the formal nature of real-time systems, various mathematical models that use temporal constraints have been proposed. This paper examines a collection of properties that such a model should possess. Specifically, it should model the logic's expressiveness, the logic's order, the presence of a metric for time, the type of temporal operators, the fundamental time entity, and the structure of time. Sixteen temporal logics are discussed in terms of these properties, and most of them are found not to be fully satisfactory for the specification of real-time systems. The authors provide examples in addition to a general discussion of temporal logics.

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cover image ACM Computing Surveys

ACM Computing Surveys Volume 32, Issue 1

March 2000

96 pages

ISSN:0360-0300

EISSN:1557-7341

DOI:10.1145/349194

Editors:
Peter Wegner
Brown Univ., Providence, RI
,
Marvin Israel
Bellcore, Piscataway, NJ

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Copyright © 2000 ACM.

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