Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3670947.3670962acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesgiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Proxy Accounts and Behavioural Nudges: Investigating Support for Older Adults and their Financial Delegates

Published: 21 September 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Older adults sometimes delegate banking tasks to trusted close others (family or friends). Increasingly those tasks are completed online, with older adults sharing passwords or account ownership to give delegates account access, which introduces privacy, security and financial misconduct risks. We propose that proxy accounts can support financial delegation while preserving older adults’ agency and that behavioral nudges can help delegates maintain financial propriety while performing banking tasks. We developed a high-fidelity proxy account prototype that uses behavioural nudges, and present findings from a think-aloud interaction study (n=21). We present results from the first empirical study of proxy accounts in the delegated banking context. Our results show: 1) positive responses to the fiduciary controls provided by proxy accounts, 2) that some nudges may have the potential to encourage propriety, and 3) that both mechanisms improve the delegate’s experience of banking on behalf of an older adult, while legitimizing their role as delegate.

References

[1]
Aiswarya, Jayasree Raveendran, and Vijayanand Banahatti. 2022. Behavioral attributes in password reuse: Analysis of password practices in work and personal spaces. In Proceedings of the 13th Indian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. 1–19.
[2]
Nienke Bleijenberg, Alexander K Smith, Sei J Lee, Irena Stijacic Cenzer, John W Boscardin, and Kenneth E Covinsky. 2017. Difficulty managing medications and finances in older adults: A 10-year cohort study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 65, 7 (2017), 1455–1461.
[3]
Lilian Bernadina Josefina Bosch and Marije Kanis. 2016. Design opportunities for supporting informal caregivers. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2790–2797.
[4]
Geraldine Boyle. 2020. The Moral Resilience of Young People Who Care. Ethics and Social Welfare 14 (7 2020), 266–281. Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2020.1771606
[5]
Statistics Canada. 2020. General Social Survey - Caregiving and Care Receiving (GSS): Detailed information for 2018 (Cycle 32). https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=4502
[6]
Ana Caraban, Evangelos Karapanos, Daniel Gonçalves, and Pedro Campos. 2019. 23 Ways to Nudge: A Review of Technology-Mediated Nudging in Human-Computer Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300733
[7]
Yunan Chen, Victor Ngo, and Sun Young Park. 2013. Caring for Caregivers: Designing for Integrality. In Proceedings of CSCW ’13 (San Antonio, Texas, USA). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 91–102.
[8]
Anupam Das, Joseph Bonneau, Matthew Caesar, Nikita Borisov, and XiaoFeng Wang. 2014. The Tangled Web of Password Reuse. In NDSS Symposium. Internet Society, San Diego, CA, 23–26.
[9]
Marguerite DeLiema. 2018. Elder fraud and financial exploitation: Application of routine activity theory. The Gerontologist 58, 4 (2018), 706–718. Significantly more fraud victims were childless compared with financial exploitation victims. Fraud perpetrators took advantage of elders when they had no trustworthy friends or relatives to safeguard their assets.
[10]
Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Saniya Ansar. 2022. The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. The World Bank, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1897-4
[11]
Paul Dunphy, Andrew Monk, John Vines, Mark Blythe, and Patrick Olivier. 2014. Designing for spontaneous and secure delegation in digital payments. Interacting with Computers 26, 5 (2014), 417–432.
[12]
Jonas Ellefsen and Weiqin Chen. 2023. Privacy and Data Security in Everyday Online Services for Older Adults. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion (Lisbon, Portugal) (DSAI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 203–207. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563137.3563149
[13]
Lisa L. Engel, Dorcas E. Beaton, Robin E. Green, and Deirdre R. Dawson. 2019. Financial Management Activity Process: Qualitative inquiry of adults with acquired brain injury. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 86, 3 (2019), 196–208. arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1177/0008417419833839
[14]
Alisa Frik, Julia Bernd, Noura Alomar, and Serge Egelman. 2020. A qualitative model of older adults’ contextual decision-making about information sharing. In Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS 2020). Workshop on the Economics of Information Security, Brussels, Belgium, 1–62.
[15]
Alisa Frik, Leysan Nurgalieva, Julia Bernd, Joyce S. Lee, Florian Schaub, and Serge Egelman. 2019. Privacy and Security Threat Models and Mitigation Strategies of Older Adults. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security (Santa Clara, CA, USA) (SOUPS’19). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 21–40. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3361476.3361479
[16]
Reza Ghaiumy Anaraky, Kaileigh Angela Byrne, Pamela J. Wisniewski, Xinru Page, and Bart Knijnenburg. 2021. To Disclose or Not to Disclose: Examining the Privacy Decision-Making Processes of Older vs. Younger Adults. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 686, 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445204
[17]
Pelle Guldborg Hansen and Andreas Maaløe Jespersen. 2013. Nudge and the manipulation of choice: A framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy. European Journal of Risk Regulation 4 (3 2013), 3–28. Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002762
[18]
Marian Harbach, Markus Hettig, Susanne Weber, and Matthew Smith. 2014. Using Personal Examples to Improve Risk Communication for Security &; Privacy Decisions. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2647–2656. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2556978
[19]
Barbara Horrell, Christine Stephens, and Mary Breheny. 2015. Capability to care: Supporting the health of informal caregivers for older people. Health Psychology 34 (4 2015), 339–348. Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000144
[20]
Bob G. Knight, Seungyoun Kim, Sarah Rastegar, Scott Jones, Victoria Jump, and Serena Wong. 2016. Influences on the perception of elder financial abuse among older adults in Southern California. International Psychogeriatrics 28 (1 2016), 163–169. Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610215000587
[21]
Klaus Krippendorff. 2018. Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
[22]
Celine Latulipe, Ronnie Dsouza, and Murray Cumbers. 2022. Unofficial Proxies: How Close Others Help Older Adults with Banking. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 601, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501845
[23]
Celine Latulipe, Syeda Fatema Mazumder, Rachel KW Wilson, Jennifer W Talton, Alain G Bertoni, Sara A Quandt, Thomas A Arcury, and David P Miller. 2020. Security and Privacy Risks Associated With Adult Patient Portal Accounts in US Hospitals. JAMA Internal Medicine 180, 6 (2020), 845–849.
[24]
M Powell Lawton and Elaine M Brody. 1969. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The gerontologist 9, 3_Part_1 (1969), 179–186.
[25]
Sana Maqbool and Cosmin Munteanu. 2018. Understanding Older Adults’ Long-term Financial Practices: Challenges and Opportunities for Design. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI EA ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article LBW546, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188677
[26]
Nora Mcdonald and Helena M. Mentis. 2021. “Citizens Too”: Safety Setting Collaboration Among Older Adults with Memory Concerns. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 28, 5, Article 31 (Aug. 2021), 32 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3465217
[27]
Andrew McNeill, Pam Briggs, Jake Pywell, and Lynne Coventry. 2017. Functional Privacy Concerns of Older Adults About Pervasive Health-monitoring Systems. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (Island of Rhodes, Greece) (PETRA ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1145/3056540.3056559
[28]
Andrew R. McNeill, Lynne Coventry, Jake Pywell, and Pam Briggs. 2017. Privacy Considerations when Designing Social Network Systems to Support Successful Ageing. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 6425–6437. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025861
[29]
Tobias Mirsch, Christiane Lehrer, and Reinhard Jung. 2017. Digital Nudging: Altering User Behavior in Digital Environments, In Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017) (St. Gallen, Switzerland). Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017) 13, 634–648.
[30]
Savanthi Murthy, Karthik S Bhat, Sauvik Das, and Neha Kumar. 2021. Individually Vulnerable, Collectively Safe: The Security and Privacy Practices of Households with Older Adults. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1 (2021), 1–24.
[31]
Takashi Nishide. 2020. One-time delegation of unlinkable signing rights and its application. In Provable and Practical Security: 14th International Conference, ProvSec 2020, Singapore, November 29–December 1, 2020, Proceedings 14. Springer, 103–123.
[32]
Financial Consumer Agency of Canada. 2019. Survey on Banking of Canadians. Final Report POR 114-18. Financial Consumer Agency of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/financial-consumer-agency/programs/research/highlights-survey-banking-of-canadians.html
[33]
Evangelia Pantelaki, Elena Maggi, and Daniele Crotti. 2023. Who is online? A latent class analysis of internet activities and determinant characteristics of older people. Computers in Human Behavior 147 (2023), 107830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107830
[34]
Janey C Peterson, David PR Burnes, Paul L Caccamise, Art Mason, Charles R Henderson, Martin T Wells, Jacquelin Berman, Ann Marie Cook, Denise Shukoff, Patricia Brownell, 2014. Financial exploitation of older adults: a population-based prevalence study. Journal of general internal medicine 29, 12 (2014), 1615–1623.
[35]
Susan Pickard. 2010. The ‘good carer’: Moral practices in late modernity. Sociology 44 (2010), 471–487. Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510362482
[36]
Ilana Polyak. 2018. Preventing elder fraud. Journal of Accountancy 226, 2 (2018), 14–14.
[37]
Anabel Quan-Haase and Dennis Ho. 2020. Online privacy concerns and privacy protection strategies among older adults in East York, Canada. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 71, 9 (2020), 1089–1102.
[38]
Parminder Raina, Christina Wolfson, Susan Kirkland, Lauren E Griffith, Cynthia Balion, Benoit Cossette, Isabelle Dionne, Scott Hofer, David Hogan, ER Van Den Heuvel, 2019. Cohort profile: the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA). International journal of epidemiology 48, 6 (2019), 1752–1753j.
[39]
Hirak Ray, Flynn Wolf, Ravi Kuber, and Adam J. Aviv. 2019. "Woe is Me": Examining Older Adults’ Perceptions of Privacy. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI EA ’19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article LBW2611, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312770
[40]
Susan C Reinhard, Lynn Friss Feinberg, Rita Choula, and Ari Houser. 2015. Valuing the invaluable: 2015 update. Insight on the Issues 104 (2015), 89–98.
[41]
Jeanne Rentezelas and Larry Santucci. 2018. Combining Forces to Combat Elder Financial Victimization How Consumers Can Avoid the Financial Pitfalls of Cognitive Aging and What They Should Be Asking Their Financial Institutions. FRB of Philadelphia Payment Cards Center Discussion Paper 18-2 (2018), 1–21.
[42]
Bradford W. Reyns. 2013. Online Routines and Identity Theft Victimization: Further Expanding Routine Activity Theory beyond Direct-Contact Offenses. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50 (5 2013), 216–238. Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427811425539
[43]
Debra Sacks, Dhiman Das, Raquel Romanick, Matt Caron, Carmen Morano, and Marianne C. Fahs. 2012. The Value of Daily Money Management: An Analysis of Outcomes and Costs. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 9, 5 (2012), 498–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/15433714.2011.581530 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/15433714.2011.581530PMID: 23092378.
[44]
Deborah Setterlund, Cheryl Tilse, Jill Wilson, Anne-Louise McCawley, and Linda Rosenman. 2007. Understanding financial elder abuse in families: the potential of routine activities theory. Ageing and Society 27, 4 (2007), 599–614. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X07006009
[45]
Cass R. Sunstein. 2017. Nudges that fail. Behavioural Public Policy 1 (5 2017), 4–25. Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.3
[46]
Richard H. Thaler. 2008. Nudge : improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press, New Haven.
[47]
James Turland, Lynne Coventry, Debora Jeske, Pam Briggs, and Aad van Moorsel. 2015. Nudging towards Security: Developing an Application for Wireless Network Selection for Android Phones. In Proceedings of the 2015 British HCI Conference (Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom) (British HCI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1145/2783446.2783588
[48]
John Vines, Mark Blythe, Stephen Lindsay, Paul Dunphy, Andrew Monk, and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Questionable Concepts: Critique as Resource for Designing with Eighty Somethings. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Austin, Texas, USA) (CHI ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1169–1178. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208567
[49]
Shengzhi Wang, Khalisa Bolling, Wenlin Mao, Jennifer Reichstadt, Dilip Jeste, Ho-Cheol Kim, and Camille Nebeker. 2019. Technology to Support Aging in Place: Older Adults’ Perspectives. Healthcare 7, 2 (Apr 2019), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7020060
[50]
David Wiseman. 2016. Joint Bank Account Trusts and the Protection of Older Adults from Financial Abuse: Exploring Equity’s Preference for Beneficiary-Direction over Beneficiary-Protection. Can. J. Comp. & Contemp. L. 2 (2016), 679.
[51]
Yongjie Yon, Christopher R Mikton, Zachary D Gassoumis, and Kathleen H Wilber. 2017. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 5 (2 2017), e147–e156. Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30006-2

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
GI '24: Proceedings of the 50th Graphics Interface Conference
June 2024
437 pages
ISBN:9798400718281
DOI:10.1145/3670947
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial International 4.0 License.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 21 September 2024

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Aging
  2. Behavioural Nudges
  3. Design
  4. HCI
  5. Informal Caregiving
  6. Older Adults
  7. Online Banking
  8. Proxy Accounts

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

Conference

GI '24
GI '24: Graphics Interface
June 3 - 6, 2024
NS, Halifax, Canada

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 206 of 508 submissions, 41%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • 0
    Total Citations
  • 40
    Total Downloads
  • Downloads (Last 12 months)40
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)32
Reflects downloads up to 16 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media