research-article

Noise tolerant selection by gaze-controlled pan and zoom in 3D

Authors:

Dan Witzner Hansen,

Henrik H. T. Skovsgaard,

John Paulin Hansen,

Emilie MøllenbachAuthors Info & Claims

ETRA '08: Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications

Pages 205 - 212

https://doi.org/10.1145/1344471.1344521

Published: 26 March 2008 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents StarGazer - a new 3D interface for gaze-based interaction and target selection using continuous pan and zoom. Through StarGazer we address the issues of interacting with graph structured data and applications (i.e. gaze typing systems) using low resolution eye trackers or small-size displays. We show that it is possible to make robust selection even with a large number of selectable items on the screen and noisy gaze trackers. A test with 48 subjects demonstrated that users who have never tried gaze interaction before could rapidly adapt to the navigation principles of StarGazer. We tested three different display sizes (down to PDA-sized displays) and found that large screens are faster to navigate than small displays and that the error rate is higher for the smallest display. Half of the subjects were exposed to severe noise deliberately added on the cursor positions. We found that this had a negative impact on efficiency. However, the user remained in control and the noise did not seem to effect the error rate. Additionally, three subjects tested the effects of temporally adding noise to simulate latency in the gaze tracker. Even with a significant latency (about 200 ms) the subjects were able to type at acceptable rates. In a second test, seven subjects were allowed to adjust the zooming speed themselves. They achieved typing rates of more than eight words per minute without using language modeling. We conclude that the StarGazer application is an intuitive 3D interface for gaze navigation, allowing more selectable objects to be displayed on the screen than the accuracy of the gaze trackers would otherwise permit.

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Cited By

Hou BNewn JSidenmark LKhan AGellersen H(2024)GazeSwitch: Automatic Eye-Head Mode Switching for Optimised Hands-Free PointingProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556018:ETRA(1-20)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655601
Hamid AKristensson P(2024)40 Years of Eye Typing: Challenges, Gaps, and Emergent StrategiesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36555968:ETRA(1-19)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655596
Hu JDudley JKristensson P(2024)SkiMR: Dwell-free Eye Typing in Mixed Reality2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR58804.2024.00065(439-449)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VR58804.2024.00065
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Index Terms

Noise tolerant selection by gaze-controlled pan and zoom in 3D
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Computer vision
      1. Computer vision problems
        Tracking
      2. Computer vision tasks
        Scene understanding
  2. Computer graphics
    1. Image manipulation
      1. Image processing
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)

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cover image ACM Conferences

ETRA '08: Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications

March 2008

285 pages

ISBN:9781595939821

DOI:10.1145/1344471

Conference Chairs:
Kari-Jouko Räihä
University of Tampere, Finland
,
Andrew T. Duchowski
Clemson University, USA

Copyright © 2008 ACM.

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Published: 26 March 2008

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ETRA '08: Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 26 - 28, 2008

Georgia, Savannah

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Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

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Cited By

Hou BNewn JSidenmark LKhan AGellersen H(2024)GazeSwitch: Automatic Eye-Head Mode Switching for Optimised Hands-Free PointingProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556018:ETRA(1-20)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655601
Hamid AKristensson P(2024)40 Years of Eye Typing: Challenges, Gaps, and Emergent StrategiesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36555968:ETRA(1-19)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655596
Hu JDudley JKristensson P(2024)SkiMR: Dwell-free Eye Typing in Mixed Reality2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)10.1109/VR58804.2024.00065(439-449)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VR58804.2024.00065
Wang QMa XLu YWang DSun Y(2024)The impact of visual and motor space size on gaze-based target selectionAustralian Journal of Psychology10.1080/00049530.2024.230938476:1Online publication date: 5-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2024.2309384
Dondi PSapuppo SPorta M(2024)LeyenesInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103204184:COnline publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103204
Pasini NMariani ADeguet AKazanzides PDe Momi E(2023)GRACE: Online Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Camera-Motion Enhancement in Robot-Assisted SurgeryIEEE Robotics and Automation Letters10.1109/LRA.2023.33266908:12(8263-8270)Online publication date: Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2023.3326690
Zeng ZWang XSiebert FLiu H(2023)Enhancing Hybrid Eye Typing Interfaces with Word and Letter Prediction: A Comprehensive EvaluationInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2023.2297113(1-13)Online publication date: 28-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2297113
Mutasim ABatmaz AHudhud Mughrabi MStuerzlinger W(2022)Performance Analysis of Saccades for Primary and Confirmatory Target SelectionProceedings of the 28th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3562939.3565619(1-12)Online publication date: 29-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3562939.3565619
Matulewski JPatera M(2022)Usability of the super-vowel for gaze-based text entry2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3517031.3529231(1-5)Online publication date: 8-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517031.3529231
Porta MDondi PPianetta ACantoni V(2022) SPEye: A Calibration-Free Gaze-Driven Text Entry Technique Based on Smooth Pursuit IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems10.1109/THMS.2021.312320252:2(312-323)Online publication date: Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2021.3123202
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