Article

Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes

Authors:

Jacob O. Wobbrock,

Andrew D. Wilson,

Yang LiAuthors Info & Claims

UIST '07: Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology

Pages 159 - 168

https://doi.org/10.1145/1294211.1294238

Published: 07 October 2007 Publication History

Abstract

Although mobile, tablet, large display, and tabletop computers increasingly present opportunities for using pen, finger, and wand gestures in user interfaces, implementing gesture recognition largely has been the privilege of pattern matching experts, not user interface prototypers. Although some user interface libraries and toolkits offer gesture recognizers, such infrastructure is often unavailable in design-oriented environments like Flash, scripting environments like JavaScript, or brand new off-desktop prototyping environments. To enable novice programmers to incorporate gestures into their UI prototypes, we present a "$1 recognizer" that is easy, cheap, and usable almost anywhere in about 100 lines of code. In a study comparing our $1 recognizer, Dynamic Time Warping, and the Rubine classifier on user-supplied gestures, we found that $1 obtains over 97% accuracy with only 1 loaded template and 99% accuracy with 3+ loaded templates. These results were nearly identical to DTW and superior to Rubine. In addition, we found that medium-speed gestures, in which users balanced speed and accuracy, were recognized better than slow or fast gestures for all three recognizers. We also discuss the effect that the number of templates or training examples has on recognition, the score falloff along recognizers' N-best lists, and results for individual gestures. We include detailed pseudocode of the $1 recognizer to aid development, inspection, extension, and testing.

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Cited By

Bai YWang JChen PGong ZXiong Q(2024)Hand Trajectory Recognition by Radar with a Finite-State Machine and a Bi-LSTMApplied Sciences10.3390/app1415678214:15(6782)Online publication date: 3-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156782
Rekik YGuettaf AJamalzadeh MGrisoni L(2024)Comparing Eyes-free Gestures to Gestures Produced in the Presence or Absence of Visual Feedback on Mobile DeviceProceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces10.1145/3656650.3656651(1-5)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3656650.3656651
Qiwei LLameiro FPatel SIsaula-Reyes CAdar EGilbert ESchoenebeck S(2024)Feminist Interaction Techniques: Social Consent Signals to Deter NCIM ScreenshotsProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676380(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654777.3676380
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Index Terms

Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Machine learning
    1. Learning paradigms
      1. Supervised learning
        Supervised learning by classification
    2. Machine learning approaches
      1. Classification and regression trees
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction devices
      1. Touch screens
    2. Interactive systems and tools

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

UIST '07: Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology

October 2007

306 pages

ISBN:9781595936790

DOI:10.1145/1294211

General Chairs:
Chia Shen
MERL, USA
,
Robert Jacob
Tufts University, USA
,
Program Chair:
Ravin Balakrishnan
University of Toronto, Canada

Copyright © 2007 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Published: 07 October 2007

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UIST07: The 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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Rekik YGuettaf AJamalzadeh MGrisoni L(2024)Comparing Eyes-free Gestures to Gestures Produced in the Presence or Absence of Visual Feedback on Mobile DeviceProceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces10.1145/3656650.3656651(1-5)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
Qiwei LLameiro FPatel SIsaula-Reyes CAdar EGilbert ESchoenebeck S(2024)Feminist Interaction Techniques: Social Consent Signals to Deter NCIM ScreenshotsProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676380(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
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