Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
article
Free access

A new normal form for nested relations

Published: 01 March 1987 Publication History

Abstract

We consider nested relations whose schemes are structured as trees, called scheme trees, and introduce a normal form for such relations, called the nested normal form. Given a set of attributes U, and a set of multivalued dependencies (MVDs) M over these attributes, we present an algorithm to obtain a nested normal form decomposition of U with respect to M. Such a decomposition has several desirable properties, such as explicitly representing a set of full and embedded MVDs implied by M, and being a faithful and nonredundant representation of U. Moreover, if the given set of MVDs is conflict-free, then the nested normal form decomposition is also dependency-preserving. Finally, we show that if M is conflict-free, then the set of root-to-leaf paths of scheme trees in nested normal form decomposition is precisely the unique 4NF decomposition [9, 16] of U with respect to M.

References

[1]
ABITEBOUL, S., AND B{DOIT, N. Non-first normal for relations to represent hierarchically organized data. In Proceedings o{ the 3rd A CM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Waterloo, Ont., Apr. 2-4, 1984), ACM, 191-200.
[2]
BANCILHON, F., ET AL. VERSO: A relational back end data base machine. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Database Machines (San Diego, Calif., 1982),
[3]
BEERI, C., BERNSTEIN, P. A., AND GOODMAN, N. A sophisticate's introduction to database normalization theory. In Proceedings of the Conference on Very Large Data Bases (1978), 113- 123.
[4]
BEERI, C., FAGIN, R., AND HOWARD, J. A complete axiomatization for FDs and MVDs. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Data (Toronto, Aug. 3-5, 1977), ACM, New York, 1977, 47-61.
[5]
BEER{, C., FAG{N, R., MAIER, D., AND YANNAKAKIS, M. On the desirability of acyclic database schemes. J. ACM 30, 3 (July 1983), 479-513.
[6]
BEERI, C., AND KIFER, M. Elimination of intersection anomalies from database schemes. In Proceedings of the 2nd A CM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Atlanta, Ga., Mar. 21-23, 1983), ACM, New York, 1983, 340-351.
[7]
BEERI, C., AND KIFER, M. Comprehensive approach to the design of relational database schemes. In Proceedings of the Conference on Very Large Data Bases (Singapore, Aug. 1984), 196-207.
[8]
COBB, E. A relational model for large shared data banks. Commun. ACM 13, 6 (June 1970), 377-387.
[9]
FAGIN, R. Multivalued dependencies and a new normal form for relational databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 2, 3 (Sept. 1977), 262-278.
[10]
FISCHER, P. C., AND GUCHT, D. V. Weak multivalued dependencies. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Waterloo, Ont., Apr. 2-4, 1984), ACM, New York, 1984, 266-274.
[11]
FISHER, P. C., AND THOMAS, S.J. Operations for non-first-normal form relations. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Software and Applications Conference (Oct. 1983), IEEE, New York, 1983, 464-475.
[12]
HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ, I.T. Database Analysis and Design. SRA, 1984.
[13]
JAESCHKE, G., AND SCHEK, H.d. Remarks on the algebra of nonfirst normal form relations. In Proceedings of the A CM Symposium on Principles of Data Systems (Los Angeles, Calif., Mar. 29-31, 1982), ACM, New York, 1982, 124-138.
[14]
KAMBAYASHI, Y., TANAKA, K., AND TAKEDA, K. Synthesis of unnormalized relations incorporating more meaning. Inf. Sci. 29 (1983), 201-247.
[15]
LIEN, Y.E. Hierarchical schemata for relational databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6, 1 (Mar. 1981), 48-69.
[16]
LIEN, Y.E. On the equivalence of database models. J. ACM 29, 2 (Apr. 1982), 333-362.
[17]
MAIER, D. The Theory of Relational Databases. Computer Science Press, Potomac, Md., 1983.
[18]
MAKINOUCHI, A. A consideration on normal form of not-necessarily-normalized relations in the relational data model. In Proceedings of the Conference on Very Large Data Bases (Tokyo, 1977), 447-453.
[19]
OzsoYOGLU, G., MATOS, V., AND OZSOYOGLU, Z.M. Extending relational algebra and relational calculus with set-valued attributes and aggregate functions. Tech. Rep., Dept. of Computer Science, Case Western Reserve Univ., 1985.
[20]
OzsoYOGLU, Z. M., AND OZSOYOGLU, G. An extension of relational algebra for summary tables. in Proceedings Statistical Database Workshop (LBL, Univ. of California, San Jose, Calif., 1983), 202-211.
[21]
OzsoYoGLU, Z. M., AND YUAN, L. Y. Reduced MVDs and minimal covers. Tech. Rep. CES-84-06, Dept. of Computer Science, Case Western Reserve Univ., 1984.
[22]
ROTH, M. A., KORTH, H. F., AND SILBERSCHATZ, A. Theory of non-first-normal form relational databases. TR-84-36, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Texas at Austin, (Dec. 1984).
[23]
SCIORE, E. Real world MVDs. In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Data (Ann Arbor, Mich., Apr. 29-May 1, 1981), ACM, New York, 1981, 121-132.
[24]
ULLMAN, J.D. Principles of Database Systems. Computer Science Press, Potomac, Md., 1983.
[25]
YUAN, L. Y., AND OZSOYOOLU, Z.M. Unifying functional and multivalued dependencies for relational database design. In Proceedings of the 5th A CM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Cambridge, Mass., Mar. 24-26, 1986), ACM, New York, 1986, 183-190.
[26]
ZANIOLA, C., AND MELKANOFF, M.A. On the design of relational database schemata. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6, 1 (Mar. 1981), 1-47.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Temporal data modelling and integrity constraints in relational databases*International Journal of Computer Mathematics: Computer Systems Theory10.1080/23799927.2023.23000839:1(1-20)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2024
  • (2019)Generation of Test Cases for Testing SuperSQLProceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services10.1145/3366030.3366131(430-436)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2019
  • (2016)Discovering Semantic Relations Within NominalsLinguistic Linked Open Data10.1007/978-3-319-32942-0_6(85-100)Online publication date: 10-Apr-2016
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Database Systems
ACM Transactions on Database Systems  Volume 12, Issue 1
March 1987
136 pages
ISSN:0362-5915
EISSN:1557-4644
DOI:10.1145/12047
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 March 1987
Published in TODS Volume 12, Issue 1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)109
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)12
Reflects downloads up to 03 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Temporal data modelling and integrity constraints in relational databases*International Journal of Computer Mathematics: Computer Systems Theory10.1080/23799927.2023.23000839:1(1-20)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2024
  • (2019)Generation of Test Cases for Testing SuperSQLProceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services10.1145/3366030.3366131(430-436)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2019
  • (2016)Discovering Semantic Relations Within NominalsLinguistic Linked Open Data10.1007/978-3-319-32942-0_6(85-100)Online publication date: 10-Apr-2016
  • (2015)Size Bounds for Factorised Representations of Query ResultsACM Transactions on Database Systems10.1145/265633540:1(1-44)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2015
  • (2014)Multilingual Lexis, Semantics, and Onomasiology. Terminological Database Modelling, by Using the CuProS Metarepresentation Language: An XML-Compatible XML-Precursor Enabling Flexible Nested-Relation StructuresLanguage, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics10.1007/978-3-642-45327-4_8(122-173)Online publication date: 2014
  • (2014)Etymothesis, Fallacy, and Ontologies: An Illustration from PhytonymyLanguage, Culture, Computation. Computational Linguistics and Linguistics10.1007/978-3-642-45327-4_10(207-364)Online publication date: 2014
  • (2014)A Retrospective of a Pioneering Project. Earlier Than XML, Other Than SGML, Still Going: CuProS Metadata for Deeply Nested Relations and Navigating for Retrieval in RAFFAELLOLanguage, Culture, Computation. Computing - Theory and Technology10.1007/978-3-642-45321-2_20(425-583)Online publication date: 2014
  • (2011)Weak functional dependencies on trees with restructuringActa Cybernetica10.14232/actacyb.20.2.2011.520:2(285-329)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2011
  • (2011)Accounting for Social, Spatial, and Textual InterconnectionsComputer Applications for Handling Legal Evidence, Police Investigation and Case Argumentation10.1007/978-90-481-8990-8_6(483-765)Online publication date: 24-Oct-2011
  • (2011)DatabasesComputer Science10.1007/978-1-4614-1168-0_10(169-229)Online publication date: 22-Oct-2011
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Full Access

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media