Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/1014052.1014091acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageskddConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

The complexity of mining maximal frequent itemsets and maximal frequent patterns

Published: 22 August 2004 Publication History

Abstract

Mining maximal frequent itemsets is one of the most fundamental problems in data mining. In this paper we study the complexity-theoretic aspects of maximal frequent itemset mining, from the perspective of counting the number of solutions. We present the first formal proof that the problem of counting the number of distinct maximal frequent itemsets in a database of transactions, given an arbitrary support threshold, is #P-complete, thereby providing strong theoretical evidence that the problem of mining maximal frequent itemsets is NP-hard. This result is of particular interest since the associated decision problem of checking the existence of a maximal frequent itemset is in P.We also extend our complexity analysis to other similar data mining problems dealing with complex data structures, such as sequences, trees, and graphs, which have attracted intensive research interests in recent years. Normally, in these problems a partial order among frequent patterns can be defined in such a way as to preserve the downward closure property, with maximal frequent patterns being those without any successor with respect to this partial order. We investigate several variants of these mining problems in which the patterns of interest are subsequences, subtrees, or subgraphs, and show that the associated problems of counting the number of maximal frequent patterns are all either #P-complete or #P-hard.

References

[1]
R. C. Agarwal, C. C. Aggarwal, and V. V. V. Prasad. Depth first generation of long patterns. In KDD, 2000.]]
[2]
R. Agrawal and R. Srikant. Fast algorithms for mining association rules in large databases. In VLDB, 1994.]]
[3]
R. Agrawal and R. Srikant. Mining sequential patterns. In ICDE, 1995.]]
[4]
T. Asai, K. Abe, S. Kawasoe, H. Arimura, H. Satamoto, and S. Arikawa. Efficient substructure discovery from large semi-structured data. In SDM, 2002.]]
[5]
R. J. Bayardo Jr. Efficiently mining long patterns from databases. In SIGMOD, 1998.]]
[6]
E. Boros, V. Gurvich, L. Khachiyan, and K. Makino. On the complexity of generating maximal frequent and minimal infrequent sets. In STACS, 2002.]]
[7]
D. Burdick, M. Calimlim, and J. Gehrke. MAFIA: A maximal frequent itemset algorithm for transactional databases. In ICDE, 2001.]]
[8]
M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman and Company, 1979.]]
[9]
K. Gouda and M. J. Zaki. Efficiently mining maximal frequent itemsets. In ICDM, 2001.]]
[10]
D. Gunopulos, R. Khardon, H. Mannila, S. Saluja, H. Toivonen, and R. S. Sharm. Discovering all most specific sentences. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), 28(2):140--174, 2003.]]
[11]
H. B. Hunt III, M. V. Marathe, V. Radhakrishnan, and R. E. Stearns. The complexity of planar counting problems. SIAM Journal on Computing, 27(4):1142--1167, 1998.]]
[12]
A. Inokuchi, T. Washio, and H. Motoda. An apriori-based algorithm for mining frequent substructures from graph data. In PKDD, 2000.]]
[13]
M. Kuramochi and G. Karypis. Frequent subgraph discovery. In ICDM, 2001.]]
[14]
S. O. Kuznetsov. Interpretation on graphs and complexity characteristics of a search for specific patterns. Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya Informatsiya, Seriya 2 (Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics), 23(1):23--27, 1989.]]
[15]
D.-I. Lin and Z. M. Kedem. Pincer-Search: An efficient algorithm for discovering the maximum frequent set. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE), 14(3):553--566, 2002.]]
[16]
C. H. Papadimitriou. Computational Complexity. Addison-Wesley, 1994.]]
[17]
C. H. Papadimitriou. NP-completeness: A retrospective. In ICALP, 1997.]]
[18]
J. S. Provan and M. O. Ball. The complexity of counting cuts and of computing the probability that a graph is connected. SIAM Journal on Computing, 12(4):777--788, 1983.]]
[19]
G. Ramesh, W. Maniatty, and M. J. Zaki. Feasible itemset distributions in data mining: Theory and application. In PODS, 2003.]]
[20]
E. Ukkonen. On-line construction of suffix trees. Algorithmica, 14(3):249--260, 1995.]]
[21]
S. P. Vadhan. The complexity of counting in sparse, regular, and planar graphs. SIAM Journal on Computing, 31(2):398--427, 2001.]]
[22]
L. G. Valiant. The complexity of computing the permanent. Theoretical Computer Science, 8:189--201, 1979.]]
[23]
J. Wang, J. Han, and J. Pei. CLOSET+: Searching for the best strategies for mining frequent closed itemsets. In KDD, 2003.]]
[24]
Y. Xiao, J.-F. Yao, Z. Li, and M. H. Dunham. Efficient data mining for maximal frequent subtrees. In ICDM, 2003.]]
[25]
M. J. Zaki. SPADE: An efficient algorithm for mining frequent sequences. Machine Learning, 42(1/2):31--60, 2001.]]
[26]
M. J. Zaki. Efficiently mining frequent trees in a forest. In KDD, 2002.]]
[27]
M. J. Zaki and M. Ogihara. Theoretical foundations of association rules. In DMKD, 1998.]]
[28]
M. J. Zaki, S. Parthasarathy, M. Ogihara, and W. Li. New algorithms for fast discovery of association rules. In KDD, 1997.]]

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Efficient Maximal Frequent Group Enumeration in Temporal Bipartite GraphsProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3681954.368199717:11(3243-3255)Online publication date: 30-Aug-2024
  • (2023)Equitable Top-k Results for Long Tail DataProceedings of the ACM on Management of Data10.1145/36267271:4(1-24)Online publication date: 12-Dec-2023
  • (2023) k -PFPMiner: Top-k Periodic Frequent Patterns in Big Temporal Databases IEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.332583911(119033-119044)Online publication date: 2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. The complexity of mining maximal frequent itemsets and maximal frequent patterns

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    KDD '04: Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
    August 2004
    874 pages
    ISBN:1581138881
    DOI:10.1145/1014052
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 22 August 2004

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. complexity
    2. data mining
    3. maximal frequent itemset
    4. maximal frequent pattern
    5. theory

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Conference

    KDD04

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,133 of 8,635 submissions, 13%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)51
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)15
    Reflects downloads up to 12 Nov 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Efficient Maximal Frequent Group Enumeration in Temporal Bipartite GraphsProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3681954.368199717:11(3243-3255)Online publication date: 30-Aug-2024
    • (2023)Equitable Top-k Results for Long Tail DataProceedings of the ACM on Management of Data10.1145/36267271:4(1-24)Online publication date: 12-Dec-2023
    • (2023) k -PFPMiner: Top-k Periodic Frequent Patterns in Big Temporal Databases IEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.332583911(119033-119044)Online publication date: 2023
    • (2023)On the complexity of redescription miningTheoretical Computer Science10.1016/j.tcs.2022.12.023944:COnline publication date: 25-Jan-2023
    • (2023)Early portfolio pruning: a scalable approach to hybrid portfolio selectionKnowledge and Information Systems10.1007/s10115-023-01832-765:6(2485-2508)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2023
    • (2023)Soft Computing Framework for Digital Healthcare SystemProceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics 202310.1007/978-3-031-43247-7_30(339-347)Online publication date: 18-Sep-2023
    • (2022)Fast Estimation of the Pattern Frequency SpectrumMachine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases10.1007/978-3-662-44851-9_8(114-129)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2022
    • (2022)Scalable Information Flow Mining in NetworksMachine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases10.1007/978-3-662-44845-8_9(130-146)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2022
    • (2022)MineReduce-Based Metaheuristic for the Minimum Latency ProblemMetaheuristics10.1007/978-3-031-26504-4_7(88-102)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2022
    • (2021)Sequential Pattern Mining to Predict Medical In-Hospital Mortality from Administrative Data: Application to Acute Coronary SyndromeJournal of Healthcare Engineering10.1155/2021/55318072021(1-12)Online publication date: 25-May-2021
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media