article

Technical Section: Annotation in outdoor augmented reality

Authors:

Stephen DiVerdi,

Tobias HöllererAuthors Info & Claims

Computers and Graphics, Volume 33, Issue 6

Pages 679 - 689

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2009.06.001

Published: 01 December 2009 Publication History

Abstract

Annotation, the process of adding extra virtual information to an object, is one of the most common uses for augmented reality. Although annotation is widely used in augmented reality, there is no general agreed-upon definition of what precisely constitutes an annotation in this context. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of annotation, describing what constitutes an annotation and outlining different dimensions along which annotation can vary. Using this taxonomy we also highlight what styles of annotation are used in different types of applications and areas where further work needs to be done to improve annotation. Through our taxonomy we found two primary categories into which annotations in current applications fall. Some annotations present information that is directly related to the object they are annotating, while others are only indirectly related to the object that is being annotated. We also found that there are very few applications that enable the user to either edit or create new annotations online. Instead, most applications rely on content that is created in various offline processes. There are, however, many advantages to online annotation. We summarize and formalize our recent work in this field by presenting the steps needed to build an online annotation system, looking most closely at techniques for placing annotations from a distance.

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Cited By

Shin JKim HPark HWoo W(2024)Investigating the Design of Augmented Narrative Spaces Through Virtual-Real Connections: A Systematic Literature ReviewProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642819(1-18)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
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Borhani ZSharma POrtega F(2024)Survey of Annotations in Extended Reality SystemsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.328886930:8(5074-5096)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3288869
Di Gioia FBrasier EPietriga EAppert C(2022)Investigating the Use of AR Glasses for Content Annotation on Mobile DevicesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35677276:ISS(430-447)Online publication date: 14-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3567727
Show More Cited By

Technical Section: Annotation in outdoor augmented reality
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Graphics systems and interfaces
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction paradigms

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cover image Computers and Graphics

Computers and Graphics Volume 33, Issue 6

December, 2009

51 pages

ISSN:0097-8493

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Copyright © Elsevier Ltd © 2009.

Publisher

Pergamon Press, Inc.

United States

Publication History

Published: 01 December 2009

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Shin JKim HPark HWoo W(2024)Investigating the Design of Augmented Narrative Spaces Through Virtual-Real Connections: A Systematic Literature ReviewProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642819(1-18)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642819
Borhani ZSharma POrtega F(2024)Survey of Annotations in Extended Reality SystemsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.328886930:8(5074-5096)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3288869
Di Gioia FBrasier EPietriga EAppert C(2022)Investigating the Use of AR Glasses for Content Annotation on Mobile DevicesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35677276:ISS(430-447)Online publication date: 14-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3567727
Chowdhury RIqbal A(2022)LocatAR - An Augmented Reality Application for Local Points of Interest IdentificationProceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing Advancements10.1145/3542954.3542998(302-308)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2022
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Gattullo MEvangelista AUva AFiorentino MGabbard J(2022)What, How, and Why are Visual Assets Used in Industrial Augmented Reality? A Systematic Review and Classification in Maintenance, Assembly, and Training (From 1997 to 2019)IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2020.301461428:2(1443-1456)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022
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Dudley JJacques JKristensson PKitamura YQuigley AIsbister KIgarashi TBjørn PDrucker S(2021)Crowdsourcing Design Guidance for Contextual Adaptation of Text Content in Augmented RealityProceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3411764.3445493(1-14)Online publication date: 6-May-2021
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Avanzini GDe Luca VPascarelli C(2020)AR-Based Visual Aids for sUAS Operations in Security Sensitive AreasAugmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics10.1007/978-3-030-58465-8_22(289-298)Online publication date: 7-Sep-2020
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Lages WBowman DFu WPan SBrdiczka OChau PCalvary G(2019)Walking with adaptive augmented reality workspacesProceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces10.1145/3301275.3302278(356-366)Online publication date: 17-Mar-2019
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