Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.5555/191326.191382acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesiccadConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article
Free access

A loosely coupled parallel algorithm for standard cell placement

Published: 06 November 1994 Publication History

Abstract

We present a loosely coupled parallel algorithm for the placement of standard cell integrated circuits. Our algorithm is a derivative of simulated annealing. The implementation of our algorithm is targeted towards networks of UNIX workstations. This is the very first reported parallel algorithm for standard cell placement which yields as good or better placement results than its serial version. In addition, it is the first parallel placement algorithm reported which offers nearly linear speedup, in terms of the number of processors (workstations) used, over the serial version. Despite using the rather slow local area network as the only means of interprocessor communication, the processor utilization is quite high, up to 98% for 2 processors and 90% for 6 processors. The new parallel algorithm has yielded the best overall results ever reported for the set of MCNC standard cell benchmark circuits.

References

[1]
E Banerjee and M. Jones, "A Parallel Simulated Annealing for Standard Cell Placement on a Hypercube Computer." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design (1986): 34-37.
[2]
A. Casotto, E Romeo, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "A Parallel Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Placement of Macro-Cells." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design (1986): 30-33.
[3]
A. Casotto, E Romeo, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "A Parallel Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Placement of Macro-Cells." IEEE Trans. on CAD, Volume 6, No. 5, pp 838-847, Sep 1987.
[4]
A. Casotto, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "Placement of Standard Cells Using Simulated Annealing on the Connection Machine." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design (1987): 350-353.
[5]
K. Doll, E M. Johannes, and G. Sigl, "Accurate Net Models for Placement Improvement by Network Flow Methods." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design, 1992, pp. 594-597.
[6]
K. Doll, F. M. Johannes, and G. Sigl, "Domino: Deterministic Placement Improvement with Hill-climbing Capabilities." Proc. VLSI, 1991, pp. 3b.l.l-3b.l.10.
[7]
R. Jayaraman and F. Darema, "Error Tolerance in Parallel Simulated Annealing Techniques." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer Design (1988): 545-548.
[8]
M. Jones and E Banerjee, "Performance of a Parallel Algorithm for Standard Cell Placement on the Intel Hypercube." Proc. 24th Design Automation Conf. (1987): 807-813.
[9]
S. Kim, "Improved Algorithms for Cell Placement and their Parallel Implementations," Tech. Rep. #CRHC-93-18, UILU-ENG-93-2231, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, July 1993.
[10]
S. Kim, J. Chandy, B. Ramkumar, S. Parkes and E Banerjee, "Proper- PLACE: A Portable, Parallel Algorithm for Standard Cell Placement," Proc. 8th Int. Parallel Processing Symp., Cancun, Mexico, April 1994.
[11]
J.M. Kleinhans, G. Sigl, E M. Johannes, and K. J. Antreich, "GORD- IAN: VLSI Placement by Quadratic Programming and Slicing Optimization." IEEE Trans. on CAD, Volume 10, No. 3, 1991, pp 356-365.
[12]
R. Kling and E Banerjee, "Concurrent ESP: A Placement Algorithm for Execution on Distributed Processors." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design (1987): 354-357.
[13]
K. Kozminski, "Benchmarks for Layout Synthesis." Proc. 28th Design Automation Conf., 1991, pp. 265-270.
[14]
S. Kravitz and R. Rutenbar, "Placement by Simulated Annealing on a Multiprocessor." IEEE Trans. on CAD, Volume 6, No. 4, pp 534-549, Jul 1987.
[15]
J. Lam, J. M. Delosme, and C. Sechen, "Performance of a New Annealing Schedule." Proc. 25th Design Automation Conf. (1988): 306-311.
[16]
D. Mitra, R. Romeo, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "Convergence and Finite-Time Behavior of Simulated Annealing." Advances in Applied Probability, Vol. 18. No. 3, pp. 747-771, 1986.
[17]
S. Mohan, and E Mazumder, "Wolverines: Standard Cell Placement on a Network of Workstations." IEEE Trans. on CAD, Volume 12, No. 9, pp 1312-26, Sep 1993.
[18]
J. S. Rose, D. R. Blythe, W. M. Snelgrove, and Z. G. Vranesic, "Fast, High Quality VLSI Placement on an MIMD Multiprocessor." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design (1986): 42-45.
[19]
J. S. Rose, D. R. Blythe, W. M. Snelgrove, and Z. G. Vranesic, "Parallel Standard Cell Placement Algorithms with Quality Equivalent to Simulated Annealing." IEEE Trans. on CAD, Volume 7, No. 3, pp 387-396, Mar 1988.
[20]
R. Rutenbar and S. Kravitz, "Layout by Annealing in a Parallel Environment." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer Design (1986): 434-437.
[21]
J. S. Sargent and E Banerjee, "A Parallel Row-Based Algorithm for Standard Cell Placement with Integrated Error Control." Proc. 26th Design Automation Conf. (1989): 590-593.
[22]
A. Srinivasan, K. Chaudhary, and E. S. Kuh, "RITUAL: A Performance Driven Placement Algorithm for Small Cell ICs." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design, 1991, pp. 48-51.
[23]
C. Sechen and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "The Timberwolf Placement and Routing Package." IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol SC- 20, no 2, pp 510-522, Apr 1985.
[24]
C. Sechen and K. W. Lee, "An Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Row-based Placement." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer- Aided Design (1987): 478-481.
[25]
G. Sigl, K. Doll, and E M. Johannes, "Analytical Placement: A Linear or a Quadratic Objective Function?" Proc. Design Automation Conference, 1991, pp. 427-432.
[26]
W. Sun and C. Sechen, "Efficient and Effective Placement for Very Large Circuits." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design (1993): 170-177.
[27]
W. Sun and C. Sechen, "Efficient and Effective Placement for Very Large Circuits." submitted to IEEE Trans. on CAD.
[28]
W. Swartz and C. Sechen, "New Algorithms for the Placement and Routing of Macro Cells," Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer-Aided Design, 1990, pp. 336- 339.
[29]
W. Swartz, "Automatic Layout of Analog and Digital Mixed Macro/ Standard Cell Integrated Circuits.", Ph. D. Thesis, Yale University, 1993.
[30]
Chi-Pong Wong and Roll-Dieter Fiebrich, "Simulated Annealing- Based Circuit Placement Algorithm on the Connection Machine System." Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer Design (1987): 78-82.

Cited By

View all
  • (2011)Scalable and deterministic timing-driven parallel placement for FPGAsProceedings of the 19th ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays10.1145/1950413.1950445(153-162)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2011
  • (2009)Speeding up FPGA placement via partitioning and multithreadingInternational Journal of Reconfigurable Computing10.1155/2009/5147542009(1-1)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009
  • (2008)High-quality, deterministic parallel placement for FPGAs on commodity hardwareProceedings of the 16th international ACM/SIGDA symposium on Field programmable gate arrays10.1145/1344671.1344676(14-23)Online publication date: 24-Feb-2008
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
ICCAD '94: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
November 1994
771 pages
ISBN:0897916905

Sponsors

Publisher

IEEE Computer Society Press

Washington, DC, United States

Publication History

Published: 06 November 1994

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

ICCAD '94
Sponsor:
ICCAD '94: International Conference on Computer Aided Design
November 6 - 10, 1994
California, San Jose, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 457 of 1,762 submissions, 26%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)12
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3
Reflects downloads up to 21 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2011)Scalable and deterministic timing-driven parallel placement for FPGAsProceedings of the 19th ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays10.1145/1950413.1950445(153-162)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2011
  • (2009)Speeding up FPGA placement via partitioning and multithreadingInternational Journal of Reconfigurable Computing10.1155/2009/5147542009(1-1)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009
  • (2008)High-quality, deterministic parallel placement for FPGAs on commodity hardwareProceedings of the 16th international ACM/SIGDA symposium on Field programmable gate arrays10.1145/1344671.1344676(14-23)Online publication date: 24-Feb-2008
  • (2000)Dragon2000Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design10.5555/602902.602961(260-263)Online publication date: 5-Nov-2000
  • (2000)Parallel algorithms for FPGA placementProceedings of the 10th Great Lakes symposium on VLSI10.1145/330855.330988(86-94)Online publication date: 2-Mar-2000
  • (1998)Generic global placement and floorplanningProceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference10.1145/277044.277119(269-274)Online publication date: 1-May-1998
  • (1996)Parallel simulated annealing strategies for VLSI cell placementProceedings of the 9th International Conference on VLSI Design: VLSI in Mobile Communication10.5555/525699.834730Online publication date: 3-Jan-1996

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media