On the Processing of Dual-Channel Receiving Signals of the LuTan-1 SAR System
<p>Diagrams of the acquisition plan of LuTan-1. (<b>a</b>) The bistatic dual-channel interferometry SAR mode. (<b>b</b>) The monostatic dual-channel SAR fast-revisit mode.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The two different signal receiving strategies in the spaceborne dual-channel SAR system. (<b>a</b>) The traditional signal receiving strategy, i.e., the receiving signals are recorded after being summed up into a signal by the merge link on board. (<b>b</b>) The new signal receiving strategy adopted in the LT-1 SAR system, i.e., the receiving signals are recorded by each channel.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The procedure of the processing of dual-channel receiving signals in the LT-1.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) Timing diagram used in the “L1A_SM_S” working mode. (<b>b</b>) The ground resolution corresponding to the five beam configurations.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>The AASR of the “L1A_SM_S” working mode changes with the PRF under the two preprocessing methods, assuming that the channel mismatch is accurately corrected and the along–track baseline error is not considered.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The AASR of the five beam configurations in the “L1A_SM_S” working mode, assuming that the channel mismatch is accurately corrected and the along–track baseline error is not considered. (<b>a</b>) The reconstruction method. (<b>b</b>) The synthesis method.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The AASR of the “L1A_SM_S” working mode changes with PRF under the two preprocessing methods. (<b>a</b>) Assuming that there is still a 5° channel phase error after correcting channel mismatch. (<b>b</b>) Assuming that there is an along–track baseline error of 10 cm.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The NESZ corresponding to the two methods. The solid line represents dual–channel echo reconstruction, and the dashed line represents dual–channel echo synthesis.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>The conversion gain of the two preprocessing methods under different BAQ compression levels with the test data from the echo simulator of the ground verification system of the LT-1.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>The dual-channel receiving signals in the ground validation system of the LT-1. (<b>a</b>) The amplitude–frequency curve of the signals. (<b>b</b>) The phase change curve between the dual–channel receiving signals after removing the inherent constant phase error of the hardware, where the red line in the figure represents the fitted curve.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Nine simulated point targets.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Contour plots and azimuth profiles of P1 (the first column), P5 (the second column), and P9 (the third column) preprocessed by the reconstruction method.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Contour plots and azimuth profiles of P1 (the first column), P5 (the second column), and P9 (the third column) preprocessed by the synthesis method.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Distributed target imaging results of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation processed by (<b>a</b>) the reconstruction method and (<b>b</b>) the synthesis method. A and B are two areas that are used for local enlarging, where A is a lake area and B is a farmland area.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Local enlarged image in <a href="#remotesensing-14-00515-f014" class="html-fig">Figure 14</a>. (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>) refer to <a href="#remotesensing-14-00515-f014" class="html-fig">Figure 14</a>a. (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>) refer to <a href="#remotesensing-14-00515-f014" class="html-fig">Figure 14</a>b. A and B are two areas that are used for local enlarging, where A is a lake area and B is a farmland area.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Principles of Methods
2.2. Echo Model
2.3. Azimuth Ambiguity
2.3.1. Dual-Channel Echo Reconstruction
2.3.2. Dual-Channel Echo Synthesis
2.4. Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero
2.5. Block Adaptive Quantization
3. Results
3.1. System Performance
3.1.1. Azimuth Ambiguity-to-Signal Ratio
3.1.2. NESZ
3.1.3. BAQ Performance
3.2. Imaging Quality
3.2.1. System Calibration Signal
3.2.2. Results of Point Targets
3.2.3. Results of Distributed Targets
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | L1A/B_SM_S | L1A_SM_S |
---|---|---|
Carrier frequency | 1.26 GHz | |
Antenna length | 9.8 m | |
View of angle | 20.31° | 22.68° |
Transmitting beam width | 2.13° | 1.23° |
Receiving beam width | 2.47° | 1.23° |
Equivalent beam width | 2.27° | 1.23° |
Pulse repetition frequency | 1723 Hz | 1444 Hz |
Parameters | beam1 | beam2 | beam3 | beam4 | beam5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRF | 1444 Hz | 2262 Hz | 1758 Hz | 1470 Hz | 1753 Hz |
Near angle | 18.15° | 25.40° | 28.47° | 32.52° | 37.61° |
Far angle | 26.45° | 31.11° | 35.00° | 38.42° | 41.71° |
Center angle | 22.68° | 28.12° | 31.44° | 35.36° | 39.46° |
Scanning angle | −7.82° | −2.38° | 0.94° | 4.86° | 8.96° |
Index | Requirement |
---|---|
Range of incident angle | 20°∼46.78° |
Swath width | 80 km∼100 km |
Azimuth resolution | 6 m |
Range resolution | 5.5 m∼3.3 m |
AASR | ≤−20 dB |
NESZ | ≤−31 dB |
Methods | Targets | Range | Azimuth | Residual Phase | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRW (m) | PSLR (dB) | ISLR (dB) | IRW (m) | PSLR (dB) | ISLR (dB) | |||
Reconstruction | P1 | 3.96 | −13.12 | −9.60 | 3.61 | −13.23 | −9.98 | 0.0988° |
P5 | 3.96 | −13.17 | −9.63 | 3.61 | −13.23 | −9.97 | 0.1025° | |
P9 | 3.96 | −13.11 | −9.61 | 3.61 | −13.23 | −9.97 | 0.1188° | |
Synthesis | P1 | 3.96 | −13.10 | −9.59 | 4.68 | −14.73 | −11.73 | 0.0988° |
P5 | 3.96 | −13.14 | −9.65 | 4.68 | −14.76 | −11.70 | 0.1025° | |
P9 | 3.96 | −13.13 | −9.62 | 4.68 | −14.74 | −10.69 | 0.1188° |
Items 1 | Beam Configurations | Reconstruction | Synthesis | Comparison 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AASR | beam1 | −22.88 dB | −21.87 dB | R |
beam2 | −24.26 dB | −21.72 dB | R | |
beam3 | −27.55 dB | −23.79 dB | R | |
beam4 | −23.58 dB | −23.28 dB | R | |
beam5 | −27.64 dB | −23.88 dB | R | |
AASR with 5° error 3 | beam1 | −5.53 dB | −8.24 dB | S |
beam2 | −20.26 dB | −21.58 dB | S | |
beam3 | −11.03 dB | −20.61 dB | S | |
beam4 | −5.91 dB | −9.26 dB | S | |
beam5 | −10.93 dB | −20.51 dB | S | |
AASR with 10 cm error 3 | beam1 | −4.65 dB | −14.04 dB | S |
beam2 | −20.05 dB | −21.23 dB | S | |
beam3 | −10.58 dB | −19.47 dB | S | |
beam4 | −5.05 dB | −14.66 dB | S | |
beam5 | −10.46 dB | −19.45 dB | S | |
NESZ 4 | beam1 | −44.18 dB | −44.46 dB | S |
beam2 | −38.83 dB | −39.88 dB | S | |
beam3 | −42.16 dB | −42.91 dB | S | |
beam4 | −41.83 dB | −42.17 dB | S | |
beam5 | −39.79 dB | −40.52 dB | S | |
CG under BAQ 8:6 | beam1 | 1.831 | 1.844 | S |
CG under BAQ 8:4 | beam1 | 1.347 | 1.305 | R |
CG under BAQ 8:3 | beam1 | 0.858 | 0.780 | R |
CG under BAQ 8:2 | beam1 | 0.481 | 0.434 | R |
Range resolution | beam1 | 3.96 m | 3.96 m | ≈ |
Range PSLR | beam1 | −13.17 m | −13.14 m | ≈ |
Range ISLR | beam1 | −9.63 m | −9.65 m | ≈ |
Azimuth resolution | beam1 | 3.61 m | 4.68 m | R |
Azimuth PSLR | beam1 | −13.23 m | −14.76 m | S |
Azimuth ISLR | beam1 | −9.97 m | −11.70 m | S |
Data volume to be processed | - | Reconstruction is double that of synthesis |
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Lin, H.; Deng, Y.; Zhang, H.; Liu, D.; Liang, D.; Fang, T.; Wang, R. On the Processing of Dual-Channel Receiving Signals of the LuTan-1 SAR System. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030515
Lin H, Deng Y, Zhang H, Liu D, Liang D, Fang T, Wang R. On the Processing of Dual-Channel Receiving Signals of the LuTan-1 SAR System. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(3):515. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030515
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Haoyu, Yunkai Deng, Heng Zhang, Dacheng Liu, Da Liang, Tingzhu Fang, and Robert Wang. 2022. "On the Processing of Dual-Channel Receiving Signals of the LuTan-1 SAR System" Remote Sensing 14, no. 3: 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030515