Remotely Sensed Vegetation Indices to Discriminate Field-Grown Olive Cultivars
"> Figure 1
<p>Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image processing flow: (<b>a</b>) orthomosaic; (<b>b</b>) digital surface model (DSM); (<b>c</b>) olive crown vegetation index extraction based on canopy height model (blue numbers provide an example of normalized difference vegetation index extracted per single crown).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Principal component analysis (PCA) table between vegetation indices and different olive scion/rootstock combinations. Rootstocks: 1 = Carolea; 2 = Cipressino; 3 = Coratina; 4 = Frantoio; 5 = Leccino.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Plant Materials
2.2. UAV-Based Data Acquisition and Processing
2.3. Vegetation Indices
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Formula | Reference |
---|---|---|
Normalized difference VI | NDVI | [26] |
Green normalized difference VI | GNDVI | [27] |
Green red NDVI | GRNDVI | [28] |
Simple ratio near-infrared (NIR)/green ratio VI | GRVI | [29] |
Simple ratio VI | SR = | [30] |
Ratio VI | RVI = | [31] |
Normalized difference green/red index | [32] | |
Difference VI | DVI = | [33] |
Enhanced VI 2 | EVI2 | [34] |
Generalized difference VI | GDVIN | [35] |
Transformed VI | TVI = | [36] |
Modified triangular VI | [37] | |
Modified soil-adjusted VI | MSAVI = | [38] |
Optimized soil-adjusted VI | [39] |
Index | Scion (S) | Rootstock (R) | S × R |
---|---|---|---|
NDVI | 117.88 *** | 4.00 ** | 0.71 ns |
GNDVI | 69.36 *** | 2.89 * | 0.95 ns |
GRNDVI | 86.16 *** | 3.52 * | 0.97 ns |
GRVI | 19.57 *** | 2.21 ns | 1.09 ns |
SR | 110.40 *** | 4.40 ** | 0.62 ns |
NGRDI | 87.05 *** | 2.67 * | 0.56 ns |
OSAVI | 4.66 * | 3.00 * | 0.58 ns |
MSAVI | 0.27 ns | 3.26 * | 0.76 ns |
RVI | 111.93 *** | 3.87 * | 0.73 ns |
EVI2 | 0.55 ns | 3.25 * | 0.71 ns |
TVI | 7.46 * | 3.55 * | 0.96 ns |
GDVI | 3.63 ns | 2.94 * | 0.95 ns |
MTVI | 8.26 ** | 3.66 * | 0.95 ns |
DVI | 6.04 * | 3.35 * | 0.96 ns |
from\to | Frantoio | Leccino | Carolea | Cipressino | Coratina | Total | % Correct | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scion | Frantoio | 13 | 1 | - | - | - | 14 | 92.9 |
Leccino | 1 | 7 | - | - | - | 8 | 87.5 | |
Total | 14 | 8 | - | - | - | 22 | 90.9 | |
Rootstock | Carolea | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 83.3 |
Cipressino | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0.0 | |
Coratina | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 25.0 | |
Frantoio | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0.0 | |
Leccino | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 25.0 | |
Total | 2 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 6 | 22 | 31.8 |
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Avola, G.; Di Gennaro, S.F.; Cantini, C.; Riggi, E.; Muratore, F.; Tornambè, C.; Matese, A. Remotely Sensed Vegetation Indices to Discriminate Field-Grown Olive Cultivars. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101242
Avola G, Di Gennaro SF, Cantini C, Riggi E, Muratore F, Tornambè C, Matese A. Remotely Sensed Vegetation Indices to Discriminate Field-Grown Olive Cultivars. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(10):1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101242
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvola, Giovanni, Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Claudio Cantini, Ezio Riggi, Francesco Muratore, Calogero Tornambè, and Alessandro Matese. 2019. "Remotely Sensed Vegetation Indices to Discriminate Field-Grown Olive Cultivars" Remote Sensing 11, no. 10: 1242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101242