Using Sentinel-2 Data for Retrieving LAI and Leaf and Canopy Chlorophyll Content of a Potato Crop
"> Figure 1
<p>The study area with the 2016 potato field showing the zones with initial fertilization levels, the zones with variable rate applications (VRA), and the location of the studied plots. An aerial photograph is used as the background.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Illustration of the comparison between (<b>a</b>) the TOA reflectance and the TOC reflectance for Sentinel-2, and (<b>b</b>) the TOC reflectance signature for Sentinel-2 and for the Cropscan. The example shows plot A of the potato experimental field, 10 July 2016.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Temporal profiles of the WDVI index obtained from Sentinel-2 at 10 m resolution for the ten potato plots of the test area in 2016.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Temporal profiles of the TCARI/OSAVI (<b>a</b>) and the CVI (<b>b</b>) obtained from Sentinel-2 for the ten potato plots of the test area in 2016.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Temporal profiles of the CI<sub>red-edge</sub> (<b>a</b>) and CI<sub>green</sub> (<b>b</b>) obtained from Sentinel-2 for the ten potato plots of the test area in 2016.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The relationship between the WDVI and the apparent LAI (<b>a</b>) and between measured and estimated LAI (<b>b</b>) for the ten plots of the potato experiment on 4 dates in 2016 using Sentinel-2 data at 10 m resolution.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The relationship between the TCARI/OSAVI index and the LCC (<b>a</b>) and between measured and estimated LCC (<b>b</b>) for the ten plots of the potato experiment on four dates in 2016 using Sentinel-2 data at 20 m resolution.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The relationship between the CVI index and the LCC (<b>a</b>) and between measured and estimated LCC (<b>b</b>) for the ten plots of the potato experiment on four dates in 2016 using Sentinel-2 data at 10 m resolution.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>The relationship between the CI<sub>red-edge</sub> and the CCC (<b>a</b>) and between measured and estimated CCC (<b>b</b>) for the ten plots of the potato experiment on four dates in 2016 using Sentinel-2 data at 20 m resolution.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>The relationship between the CI<sub>green</sub> and the CCC (<b>a</b>) and between measured and estimated CCC (<b>b</b>) for the ten plots of the potato experiment on four dates in 2016 using Sentinel-2 data at 10 m resolution.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Crop variable maps obtained by applying the obtained statistical relationships to the Sentinel-2 image of 10 July 2016. (<b>a</b>) The LAI map using the WDVI–LAI relationship of <a href="#remotesensing-09-00405-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>a; (<b>b</b>) the LCC map using the CVI–LCC relationship of <a href="#remotesensing-09-00405-f008" class="html-fig">Figure 8</a>a; and (<b>c</b>) the CCC map using the CI<sub>green</sub>–CCC relationship of <a href="#remotesensing-09-00405-f010" class="html-fig">Figure 10</a>a. The overlay shows the location of the net plots (<a href="#remotesensing-09-00405-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>) and the fertilization zones. The coordinate system is UTM Zone N31 with datum WGS84.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Field Radiometry
2.3. Sentinel-2
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sentinel-2 Temporal Profiles
3.2. LAI Estimation
3.3. LCC Estimation
3.4. CCC Estimation
3.5. Spatial Patterns
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plot | Initial Fertilization (N kg·ha−1) | 28 June (N kg·ha−1) | 7 July (K kg·ha−1) | 15 July (N kg·ha−1) | 9 August (N kg·ha−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 40 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
B | 40 | 42 | 60 | 30 | 45 |
C | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
D | 0 | 140 | 60 | 30 | 34 |
E | 70 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
F | 70 | 0 | 60 | 49 | 47 |
G | 25 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
H | 25 | 84 | 60 | 38 | 28 |
I | 0 | 0 | 300 | 50 | 27 |
J | 0 | 269 | 0 | 30 | 26 |
Index | Formulation | Reference |
---|---|---|
WDVI | with C = | [7] |
TCARI/OSAVI | [10] | |
CVI | [11] | |
CIred-edge | [12] | |
CIgreen | [12] |
Center Wavelength (nm) | Band Width (nm) |
---|---|
490 | 7.3 |
530 | 8.5 |
550 | 9.2 |
570 | 9.7 |
670 | 11 |
700 | 12 |
710 | 12 |
740 | 13 |
750 | 13 |
780 | 11 |
870 | 12 |
940 | 13 |
950 | 13 |
1000 | 15 |
1050 | 15 |
1650 | 200 |
Spectral Band | Center Wavelength (nm) | Band Width (nm) | Spatial Resolution (m) |
---|---|---|---|
B1 | 443 | 20 | 60 |
B2 | 490 | 65 | 10 |
B3 | 560 | 35 | 10 |
B4 | 665 | 30 | 10 |
B5 | 705 | 15 | 20 |
B6 | 740 | 15 | 20 |
B7 | 783 | 20 | 20 |
B8 | 842 | 115 | 10 |
B8a | 865 | 20 | 20 |
B9 | 945 | 20 | 60 |
B10 | 1380 | 30 | 60 |
B11 | 1610 | 90 | 20 |
B12 | 2190 | 180 | 20 |
Date | Orbit | Solar Zenith Angle (°) | Solar Azimuth Angle (°) | View Zenith Angle (°) | View Azimuth Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 May 2016 | 8 | 35.44 | 159.56 | 8.00 | 99.98 |
7 June 2016 | 8 | 30.22 | 155.94 | 8.04 | 99.99 |
10 July 2016 | 51 | 30.65 | 157.81 | 5.61 | 279.37 |
20 July 2016 | 51 | 32.27 | 158.19 | 5.63 | 279.41 |
16 August 2016 | 8 | 39.52 | 158.02 | 8.01 | 99.96 |
26 August 2016 | 8 | 42.64 | 160.08 | 8.00 | 99.96 |
8 September 2016 | 51 | 46.66 | 166.20 | 5.65 | 279.41 |
25 September 2016 | 8 | 53.29 | 166.18 | 8.11 | 99.99 |
5 October 2016 | 8 | 57.01 | 167.82 | 8.11 | 99.99 |
Date | WDV–LAI | TCARI/OSAVI–LCC | CVI–LCC | CIred-edge–CCC | CIgreen–CCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 June 2016 | 0.708 | 0.501 | 0.412 | 0.903 | 0.903 |
10 July 2016 | 0.920 | 0.668 | 0.816 | 0.778 | 0.857 |
20 July 2016 | 0.875 | 0.650 | 0.636 | 0.845 | 0.906 |
16 August 2016 | 0.916 | 0.742 | 0.711 | 0.932 | 0.634 |
4 dates combined | 0.809 | 0.696 | 0.656 | 0.576 | 0.818 |
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Clevers, J.G.P.W.; Kooistra, L.; Van den Brande, M.M.M. Using Sentinel-2 Data for Retrieving LAI and Leaf and Canopy Chlorophyll Content of a Potato Crop. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050405
Clevers JGPW, Kooistra L, Van den Brande MMM. Using Sentinel-2 Data for Retrieving LAI and Leaf and Canopy Chlorophyll Content of a Potato Crop. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(5):405. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050405
Chicago/Turabian StyleClevers, Jan G. P. W., Lammert Kooistra, and Marnix M. M. Van den Brande. 2017. "Using Sentinel-2 Data for Retrieving LAI and Leaf and Canopy Chlorophyll Content of a Potato Crop" Remote Sensing 9, no. 5: 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050405