Unveiling Community Needs and Aspirations: Card Sorting as a Research Method for Developing Digital Learning Spaces
Marguerite Koole , Gordon Rugg , John Traxler , Matt Smith , Redouane Touati , Alanda Mcleod , Rae Mairi Richardson , Shri Footring
This pilot study is part of a larger “Decolonization of Digital Learning Spaces” project, which aims to develop research tools for communi.
- Pub. date: November 15, 2024
- Online Pub. date: October 10, 2024
- Pages: 609-628
- 128 Downloads
- 603 Views
- 0 Citations
This pilot study is part of a larger “Decolonization of Digital Learning Spaces” project, which aims to develop research tools for communities that are remote and/or excluded geographically, politically, economically, socially, culturally, and linguistically. The project’s ultimate goal is to work alongside these communities to design their own digital learning tools, networks, and online educational environments by accessing and leveraging their knowledge and skills. Testing the single-criterion card sorting method is the first step toward this goal. Card sorting is an easy, enjoyable, and cost-effective method for data collection and analysis, particularly for researchers working in remote areas with limited access to electricity or the Internet. The pilot explored single-criterion card sorting as a method to elicit knowledge from two diverse cultural and linguistic groups engaged in learning activities within their communities. These groups were from a Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) community in Canada (engaged in a bow-making workshop) and a rural Kabyle community in Algeria (engaged in a traditional cooking lesson). Despite low participant numbers, distinct patterns emerged, indicating the method's effectiveness. The results, though anticipated, were non-random, demonstrating the potential of card sorting in producing patterns indicative of how individuals and/or communities categorize their world(s). Kabyle sortings focused on ingredients, highlighting older individuals as teachers passing along knowledge, while the DHH sortings emphasized face-to-face contact and hand movements in communication. The findings, though modest, established relationships, provided insights into the research context and offered logistical understanding, paving the way for further work with DHH and Kabyle communities towards the design of digital learning spaces.
card sorting digital learning spaces e learning marginalized communities methodology pile sorting
Keywords: Card sorting, digital learning spaces, e-learning, marginalized communities, methodology, pile sorting.
0
References
Accessible Saskatchewan Act. (2023). https://bit.ly/47PpCXO
Biesta, G., Filippakou, O., Wainwright, E., & Aldridge, D. (2019). Why educational research should not just solve problems, but should cause them as well. British Educational Research Journal, 45(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3509
Bissonnette, S. A., Combs, E. D., Nagami, P. H., Byers, V., Fernandez, J., Le, D., Realin, J., Woodham, S., Smith, J. I., & Tanner, K. D. (2017). Using the biological card sorting task to measure changes in conceptual expertise during postsecondary biology education. CBE - Life Sciences Education, 16, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-09-0273
Britannica. (n.d.). Kabylie. In Britannica. Retrieved March 31, 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Kabylie
Canadian Association of the Deaf. (2022, July 3). Statistics on deaf Canadians. https://bit.ly/4enIi2T
Cripps, J. (n.d.). What is deaf culture? https://deafculturecentre.ca/what-is-deaf-culture/
Dengah, H. J. F., II, Snodgrass, J. G., Polzer, E. R., & Nixon, W. C. (2020). Systematic methods for analyzing culture . Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003092179
Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Ennaji, M. (2023). The revitalization of Berber (Amazigh) language in North Africa. In M. Ennaji (Ed.), Democracy, culture, and social change in North Africa (pp. 61-77). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Fischman, G., Amrein-Beardsley, A., & McBride-Schreiner, S. (2022). Education research is still the hardest science: a proposal for improving its trustworthiness and usability. F1000Research, 11, Article 230. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109700.1
Friedrichsen, P. M., & Dana, T. M. (2003). Using a card-sorting task to elicit and clarify science-teaching orientations. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 14(4), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JSTE.0000009551.37237.b3
Gerrard, S., & Dickinson, J. (2005). Women’s working wardrobes: A study using card sorts. Expert Systems, 22(3), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2005.00301.x
Gugenheimer, J., Plaumann, K., Schaub, F., Di Campli San Vito, P., Duck, S., Rabus, M., & Rukzio, E. (2017). The impact of assistive technology on communication quality between deaf and hearing individuals. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (pp. 669-682) Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998203
Hall, W. C., Levin, L. L., & Anderson, M. L. (2017). Language deprivation syndrome: A possible neurodevelopmental disorder with sociocultural origins. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52, 761-776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1351-7
Hinkle, D. (1965). The change of personal constructs from the viewpoint of a theory of construct implications. [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. Personal Construct Theory and Practice. https://bit.ly/3Bth4d7
Holcomb, T. K. (2023). Introduction to deaf culture (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Hudson, W. (2014, January 1). Card sorting. In The Encyclopedia of human-computer interaction (2nd ed.). Interaction Design Foundation. https://bit.ly/3zhuSGT
Hurd, A. (2001). Using card sorts to elicit cross-cultural perceptions of web page quality: A study of students of English [Master’s thesis, University College Northampton]. Hyde and Rugg. https://bit.ly/3XphVmt
Jansen, L. Z. H., van Loo, E. J., Bennin, K. E., & van Kleef, E. (2023). Exploring the role of decision support systems in promoting healthier and more sustainable online food shopping: A card sorting study. Appetite, 188, Article 106638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.106638
Joseph-Richard, P., & Uhomoibhi, J. (2024). Which data sets are preferred by university students in learning analytics dashboards? A situated learning theory perspective. INFORMS Transactions on Education, 24(3), 220-237. https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2023.0289
Kelly, G. (1991). The psychology of personal constructs. Routledge.
Kelly, G. A. (2017). A brief introduction to personal construct theory. Costruttivismi, 4, 3-25. https://bit.ly/3XHvkrB
Kheirandish, S., Funk, M., Wensveen, S., Verkerk, M., & Rauterberg, M. (2020). A comprehensive value framework for design. Technology in Society, 62, Article 101302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101302
Koole, M. (2024, April 22). Saskatchewan recognized ASL and Indigenous sign languages as official languages — and resources are needed for services. The Conversation. https://bit.ly/3AUK5Oz
Korbmacher, M., Azevedo, F., Pennington, C. R., Hartmann, H., Pownall, M., Schmidt, K., Elsherif, M., Breznau, N., Robertson, O., Kalandadze, T., Yu, S., Baker, B. J., O’Mahony, A., Olsnes, J. Ø.-S., Shaw, J. J., Gjoneska, B., Yamada, Y., Röer, J. P., Murphy, J., … Evans, T. (2023). The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes. Communications Psychology, 1, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-023-00003-2
Kordrostami, M., & Laczniak, R. N. (2022). Female power portrayals in advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 41(7), 1181-1208. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2021.1998878
MacDougall, J. C. (2022). Dialogue with the deaf: The future role of psychology. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 63(4), 637-650. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000341
MacMaster, N. (1997). Kabylia and the migrant tradition. In N. MacMaster (Ed.) Colonial migrants and racism: Algerians in France, 1900-62 (pp. 34-49). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230371255_3
Maiden, N. A. M., & Rugg, G. (1996). ACRE: selecting methods for requirements acquisition. Software Engineering Journal, 11(3), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1049/sej.1996.0024
Molnár, Z. (2012). Classification of pasture habitats by Hungarian herders in a steppe landscape (Hungary). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 8, Article 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-28
Padden, C. (1980). The deaf community and the culture of deaf people. In C. Baker & R. Pattison (Eds.), Sign language and the deaf community. National Association of the Deaf.
Parchoma, G., Koole, M., Morrison, D., Nelson, D., & Dreaver-Charles, K. (2020). Designing for learning in the Yellow House: a comparison of instructional and learning design origins and practices. Higher Education Research and Development, 39(5), 997-1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1704693
Parrill, F. (2023). Revisioning cognitive science through holistic science, biophilia, and Indigenous ways of knowing. Ecopsychology, 16(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2022.0101
Rakison, D. H. (2003). Parts, motion, and the development of the animate-inanimate distinction in infancy. In D. H. Rakison & L. M. Oakes (Eds). Early category and concept development: Making sense of the blooming, buzzing confusion (pp. 159-192). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142938.003.0007
Reynolds, T. J., & Gutman, J. (2001). Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation. In Understanding consumer decision making (pp. 40-79). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410600844
Rosen, R. S. (2022). Foreign language ideology and American Sign Language in US public education. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2022(275), 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2021-0001
Rowley, K., Snoddon, K., & O'Neill, R. (2022). Supporting families and young deaf children with a bimodal bilingual approach. International Journal of Birth and Parent Education, 9(3), 15-20.
Rugg, G., & Gerrard, S. (2023). The knowledge modelling handbook. Hyde and Rugg.
Rugg, G., & McGeorge, P. (2005). The sorting techniques: A tutorial paper on card sorts, picture sorts and item sorts. Expert Systems, 22(3), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2005.00300.x
Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission. (2016). Access and equality for Deaf, deaf, and hard of hearing people: A report to stakeholders. https://bit.ly/4eoqULJ
Selwyn, N. (2016). Is technology good for education? (1st ed.). Polity Press.
Smith, M., Koole, M., Adam, T., Traxler, J., & Footring, S. (2024). methodological insights for decolonising research and EdTech. Educational Sciences, 14(6), Article 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060580
Statistics Canada. (2023). New data on disability in Canada, 2022. https://bit.ly/3Xijans
Taylor, K., & Maxim, E. (2018, March 23). How we refined our approach to card sorting. GOV.UK. https://bit.ly/3BvVcOr
Thambinathan, V., & Kinsella, E. A. (2021). Decolonizing methodologies in qualitative research: Creating spaces for transformative praxis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211014766
Touati, R., & Traxler, J. (2019). The Kabylian community: Towards a people centred socio-cultural development. Revue Internationale Animation, Territoires et Pratiques Socioculturelles, 16, 51-62. https://doi.org/10.55765/atps.i16.451
Toure, D., Herforth, A., Pelto, G. H., Neufeld, L. M., & Mbuya, M. N. N. (2021). An emergent framework of the market food environment in low- and middle-income countries. Current Developments in Nutrition, 5(4), Article nzab023. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab023
Tourism Saskatchewan Canada. (n.d.). Saskatchewan statistics. https://bit.ly/3B2cJNW
United Nations. (2006, December 12). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. https://bit.ly/3XmJT2c
World Factbook. (2023). Algeria- country summary. https://bit.ly/4dFCdOw
World Health Organization. (2024, February 2). Deafness and hearing loss. https://bit.ly/4dWZgW8
World Population Review. (2024). World Population by Country 2024 (Live). https://worldpopulationreview.com