article

Light scattering from human hair fibers

Authors:

Stephen R. Marschner,

Henrik Wann Jensen,

Mike Cammarano,

Pat HanrahanAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Volume 22, Issue 3

Pages 780 - 791

https://doi.org/10.1145/882262.882345

Published: 01 July 2003 Publication History

Abstract

Light scattering from hair is normally simulated in computer graphics using Kajiya and Kay's classic phenomenological model. We have made new measurements of scattering from individual hair fibers that exhibit visually significant effects not predicted by Kajiya and Kay's model. Our measurements go beyond previous hair measurements by examining out-of-plane scattering, and together with this previous work they show a multiple specular highlight and variation in scattering with rotation about the fiber axis. We explain the sources of these effects using a model of a hair fiber as a transparent elliptical cylinder with an absorbing interior and a surface covered with tilted scales. Based on an analytical scattering function for a circular cylinder, we propose a practical shading model for hair that qualitatively matches the scattering behavior shown in the measurements. In a comparison between a photograph and rendered images, we demonstrate the new model's ability to match the appearance of real hair.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (marschner_lightscattering.mp4)

Download
47.90 MB

References

[1]

ADLER, C. L., LOCK, J. A., AND STONE, B. R. 1998. Rainbow scattering by a cylinder with a nearly elliptical cross section. Applied Optics 37, 9, 1540--1550.

[2]

AGARWAL, S., RAMAMOORTHI, R., BELONGIE, S., AND JENSEN, H. W. 2003. Structured importance sampling of environment maps. ACM Transactions on Graphics 22, 3.

Digital Library

[3]

BUSTARD, H., AND SMITH, R. 1991. Investigation into the scattering of light by human hair. Applied Optics 24, 30, 3485--3491.

[4]

CHANG, J., JIN, J., AND YU, Y. 2002. A practical model for hair mutual interactions. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, ACM Press, 73--80.

Digital Library

[5]

CHEN, L.-H., SAEYOR, S., DOHI, H., AND ISHIZUKA, M. 1999. A system of 3D hair style synthesis based on the wisp model. The Visual Computer 15, 4, 159--170.

[6]

GOLDMAN, D. B. 1997. Fake fur rendering. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997, ACM Press, 127--134.

Digital Library

[7]

GRAY, J. 1997. World of Hair. Hairdressing Training Board.

[8]

HADAP, S., AND MAGNENAT-THALMANN, N. 2000. Interactive hair styler based on fluid flow. In Computer Animation and Simulation 2000, Eurographics, 87--99.

[9]

HUMPHREYS, W. J. 1964. Physics of the Air. Dover, London.

[10]

KAJIYA, J. T., AND KAY, T. L. 1989. Rendering fur with three dimensional textures. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1989, 271--280.

Digital Library

[11]

KAJIYA, J. T. 1985. Anisotropic reflection models. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 85, ACM Press, 15--21.

Digital Library

[12]

KIM, T.-Y., AND NEUMANN, U. 2000. A thin shell volume for modeling human hair. In Computer Animation 2000, IEEE CS Press, 104--111.

Digital Library

[13]

KIM, T.-Y., AND NEUMANN, U. 2001. Opacity shadow maps. In Rendering Techniques 2001: Proceedings of Eurographics Rendering Workshop, Springer Verlag Wien, 177--182.

Digital Library

[14]

KIM, T.-Y., AND NEUMANN, U. 2002. Interactive multiresolution hair modeling and editing. ACM Transactions on Graphics 21, 3, 620--629.

Digital Library

[15]

KIM, T.-Y. 2002. Modeling, Rendering, and Animating Human Hair. PhD thesis, University of Southern California.

Digital Library

[16]

KONG, W., AND NAKAJIMA, M. 2000. Hair rendering by jittering and pseudo shadow. In Computer Graphics International 2000, 287--294.

Digital Library

[17]

LOKOVIC, T., AND VEACH, E. 2000. Deep shadow maps. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, ACM Press, 385--392.

Digital Library

[18]

MAGNENAT-THALMANN, N., HADAP, S., AND KALRA, P. 2002. State of the art in hair simulation. In International Workshop on Human Modeling and Animation, Korea Computer Graphics Society, 3--9.

[19]

MARCUSE, D. 1974. Light scattering from elliptical fibers. Applied Optics 13, 1903--1905.

[20]

MOUNT, C. M., THIESSEN, D. B., AND MARSTON, P. L. 1998. Scattering observations for tilted transparent fibers. Applied Optics 37, 9, 1534--1539.

[21]

POULIN, P., AND FOURNIER, A. 1990. A model for anisotropic reflection. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 90, 273--282.

Digital Library

[22]

ROBBINS, C. R. 1994. Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair, third ed. Springer-Verlag, New York.

[23]

SOURIN, A., PASKO, A., AND SAVCHENKO, V. 1996. Using real functions with application to hair modelling. Computers & Graphics 20, 1, 11--19.

[24]

STAMM, R. F., GARCIA, M. L., AND FUCHS, J. J. 1977. The optical properties of human hair I. fundamental considerations and goniophotometer curves. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 28, 571--600.

[25]

TRICKER, R. A. R. 1970. Introduction to Meteorological Optics. Mills & Boon, London.

[26]

WATANABE, Y., AND SUENAGA, Y. 1992. A trigonal prism-based method for hair image generation. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 12, 1, 47--53.

Digital Library

Cited By

Hanrahan P(2024)The Math Behind the MoviesFrontiers for Young Minds10.3389/frym.2023.116641511Online publication date: 25-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1166415
Mullia KLuan FSun XHašan M(2024)RNA: Relightable Neural AssetsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/369586644:1(1-19)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3695866
Yu YWeidlich AWalter Bd'Eon EMarschner S(2024)Appearance Modeling of Iridescent Feathers with Diverse NanostructuresACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368798343:6(1-18)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687983
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Light scattering from human hair fibers
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Image manipulation
      1. Texturing

Recommendations

Azimuthal Scattering from Elliptical Hair Fibers

The appearance of hair follows from the small-scale geometry of hair fibers, with the cross-sectional shape determining the azimuthal distribution of scattered light. Although previous research has described some of the effects of non-circular cross ...
Light scattering from human hair fibers
SIGGRAPH '03: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers

Light scattering from hair is normally simulated in computer graphics using Kajiya and Kay's classic phenomenological model. We have made new measurements of scattering from individual hair fibers that exhibit visually significant effects not predicted ...
Simulating multiple scattering in hair using a photon mapping approach

Simulating multiple scattering correctly is important for accurate rendering of hair. However, a volume of hair is a difficult scene to simulate because scattering from an individual fiber is very structured and forward directed, and because the ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics

ACM Transactions on Graphics Volume 22, Issue 3

July 2003

683 pages

ISSN:0730-0301

EISSN:1557-7368

DOI:10.1145/882262

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2003 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 July 2003

Published in TOG Volume 22, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

185
Total Citations
View Citations
3,037
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)94
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)12

Reflects downloads up to 19 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Hanrahan P(2024)The Math Behind the MoviesFrontiers for Young Minds10.3389/frym.2023.116641511Online publication date: 25-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1166415
Mullia KLuan FSun XHašan M(2024)RNA: Relightable Neural AssetsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/369586644:1(1-19)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3695866
Yu YWeidlich AWalter Bd'Eon EMarschner S(2024)Appearance Modeling of Iridescent Feathers with Diverse NanostructuresACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368798343:6(1-18)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687983
Bhokare GMontalvo EDiaz EYuksel C(2024)Real-Time Hair Rendering with Hair MeshesACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conference Papers10.1145/3641519.3657521(1-10)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641519.3657521
Tang YLi ZHasan MYang JWang B(2024)Woven Fabric Capture with a Reflection-Transmission Photo PairACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conference Papers10.1145/3641519.3657410(1-10)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641519.3657410
Padron Griffe JLanza DJarabo AMuñoz A(2024)A Surface-based Appearance Model for Pennaceous FeathersACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Posters10.1145/3641234.3671065(1-2)Online publication date: 25-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641234.3671065
Padrón‐Griffe JLanza DJarabo AMuñoz A(2024)A Surface‐based Appearance Model for Pennaceous FeathersComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1523543:7Online publication date: 7-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15235
Soh GMontazeri Z(2024)Neural Appearance Model for Cloth RenderingComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1515643:4Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15156
Kerbiriou GAvril QMarchal M(2024)3D Reconstruction and Semantic Modeling of EyelashesComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1504043:2Online publication date: 24-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15040
Saito SSchwartz GSimon TLi JNam G(2024)Relightable Gaussian Codec Avatars2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.00021(130-141)Online publication date: 16-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.00021
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents