research-article

Public Access

A Nine-Item Questionnaire for Measuring the Social Disfordance of Mediated Social Touch Technologies

Authors:

Svetlana YaroshAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 1, Issue CSCW

Article No.: 77, Pages 1 - 17

https://doi.org/10.1145/3134712

Published: 06 December 2017 Publication History

Abstract

Mediated Social Touch (MST) technologies focus on enhancing a communication experience by sensing, transmitting, and simulating social touch between remote partners. With interest in developing MST technologies continuing to grow, it is important to create standardized methods for measuring the effect of these novel systems. We designed and validated a 9-item questionnaire to measure the "Social Disfordance" of Mediated Social Touch, with three scales that focus on Social Discomfort, Communicational Expressiveness, and Need for Additional Consideration. A high degree of "social disfordance" of an MST system signifies that it may not provide the appropriate social affordances for mediating touch in a particular context. The development of the Social Disfordance of Mediated Social Touch (SDMST) instrument included a systematic literature review, expert feedback, and think-out-loud piloting. Its refinement included an exploratory factor analysis with a subsequent reduction of questions and scales. We report its psychometric properties, including metrics of inter-item reliability, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity, confirming that these properties are sufficient for future use. We conclude with examples of scoring, appropriate use, and a discussion of the limitations.

References

[1]

Leonardo Bonanni, Cati Vaucelle, Jeff Lieberman, and Orit Zuckerman. 2006. TapTap: A Haptic Wearable for Asynchronous Distributed Touch Therapy. In CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '06), 580--585.

Digital Library

[2]

S. Brave, H. Ishii, and A. Dahley. 1998. Tangible interfaces for remote collaboration and communication. In Proc. of CSCW, 169--178.

Digital Library

[3]

Scott Brave and Andrew Dahley. 1997. inTouch: a medium for haptic interpersonal communication. In CHI'97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 363--364. Retrieved February 15, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1120435

Digital Library

[4]

Scott Brave, Clifford Nass, and Erenee Sirinian. 2001. Force-Feedback in computer-mediated communication. In HCI, 145--149. Retrieved February 15, 2017 from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Clifford_Nass2/publication/221099192_Force-Feedback_in_computer-mediated_communication/links/02bfe50cb681925e1e000000.pdf

[5]

Stephen Brewster and Lorna M. Brown. 2004. Tactons: structured tactile messages for non-visual information display. In Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface-Volume 28, 15--23. Retrieved February 15, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=976313

Digital Library

[6]

Jongeun Cha, Mohamad Eid, Ahmad Barghout, A. S. M. Rahman, and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik. 2009. HugMe: synchronous haptic teleconferencing. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia, 1135--1136. Retrieved February 15, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1631535

Digital Library

[7]

Angela Chang, Sile O'Modhrain, Rob Jacob, Eric Gunther, and Hiroshi Ishii. 2002. ComTouch: design of a vibrotactile communication device. In (DIS '02), 312--320.

Digital Library

[8]

Drew Cingel and Anne Marie Piper. 2017. How Parents Engage Children in Tablet-Based Reading Experiences: An Exploration of Haptic Feedback. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17), 505--510.

Digital Library

[9]

Jacob Cohen. 1988. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2 edition ed.). Routledge, Hillsdale, N.J.

[10]

Alan Costall. 1995. Socializing Affordances. Theory Psychol. 5, 4 (November 1995), 467--481.

[11]

Mary Czerwinski, Ran Gilad-Bachrach, Shamsi Iqbal, and Gloria Mark. 2016. Challenges for Designing Notifications for Affective Computing Systems. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (UbiComp '16), 1554--1559.

Digital Library

[12]

Andre Doucette, Regan L. Mandryk, Carl Gutwin, Miguel Nacenta, and Andriy Pavlovych. 2013. The Effects of Tactile Feedback and Movement Alteration on Interaction and Awareness with Digital Embodiments. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 1891--1900.

Digital Library

[13]

M. A. Eid and H. Al Osman. 2016. Affective Haptics: Current Research and Future Directions. IEEE Access 4, (2016), 26--40.

[14]

Mario Enriquez, Karon MacLean, and Christian Chita. 2006. Haptic phonemes: basic building blocks of haptic communication. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces, 302--309. Retrieved February 15, 2017 from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1181053

Digital Library

[15]

Van Erp, Jan B. F, and Alexander Toet. 2015. Social Touch in Human--Computer Interaction. Front. Digit. Humanit. 2, (2015).

[16]

Tiffany Field. 2003. Touch. London: A Bradford Book. The MIT Press, Massachusetts.

[17]

Alberto Gallace and Charles Spence. 2010. The science of interpersonal touch: An overview. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 34, 2 (February 2010), 246--259.

[18]

Antal Haans and Wijnand IJsselsteijn. 2006. Mediated social touch: a review of current research and future directions. Virtual Real. 9, 2--3 (2006), 149--159.

Digital Library

[19]

Chad Harms and Frank Biocca. 2004. Internal consistency and reliability of the networked minds measure of social presence. (2004). Retrieved February 15, 2017 from http://cogprints.org/7026/

[20]

Sandra G. Hart. 2006. NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, 904--908.

[21]

Marc Hassenzahl, Dr Michael Burmester, and Franz Koller. 2003. AttrakDiff: Ein Fragebogen zur Messung wahrgenommener hedonischer und pragmatischer Qualität. In Mensch & Computer 2003, Gerd Szwillus and Jürgen Ziegler (eds.). Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 187--196.

[22]

Marc Hassenzahl, Stephanie Heidecker, Kai Eckoldt, Sarah Diefenbach, and Uwe Hillmann. 2012. All You Need is Love: Current Strategies of Mediating Intimate Relationships Through Technology. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 19, 4 (December 2012), 30:1--30:19.

Digital Library

[23]

Eve Hoggan, Roope Raisamo, and Stephen A. Brewster. 2009. Mapping information to audio and tactile icons. In Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Multimodal interfaces, 327--334.

Digital Library

[24]

Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn, Yvonne A. W. de Kort, and Antal Haans. 2006. Is this my hand I see before me? The rubber hand illusion in reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 15, 4 (2006), 455--464.

Digital Library

[25]

Stanley E. Jones and A. Elaine Yarbrough. 1985. A Naturalistic Study of the Meanings of Touch. Commun. Monogr. 52, 1 (1985), 19--56.

[26]

M. M. Jung, R. W. M. Boensma, G. Huisman, and B. van Dijk. 2013. Touched by the Storyteller: The Influence of Remote Touch in the Context of Storytelling. In 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), 792--797.

Digital Library

[27]

Sara Kiesler, Jane Siegel, and Timothy W. Mcguire. 1984. Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication. Am. Psychol. 39, 10 (1984), 1123--1134.

[28]

Jane Lessiter, Jonathan Freeman, Edmund Keogh, and Jules Davidoff. 2001. A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 10, 3 (2001), 282--297.

Digital Library

[29]

Margaret McLaughlin, Younbo Jung, Wei Peng, SeungA Jin, and Weirong Zhu. 2008. Touch in computer-mediated communication. Mediat. Interpers. Commun. (2008), 158.

[30]

Ir van Mensvoort and Mfa Koert. 2002. What you see is what you feel: exploiting the dominance of the visual over the haptic domain to simulate force-feedback with cursor displacements. In Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques, 345--348.

Digital Library

[31]

Hendrik Muller, Aaron Sedley, and Elizabeth Ferrall-Nunge. 2014. Survey Research in HCI. In Ways of Knowing in HCI, Judith S. Olson and Wendy A. Kellogg (eds.). Springer New York, New York, NY, 229--266.

[32]

Hideyuki Nakanishi, Kazuaki Tanaka, and Yuya Wada. 2014. Remote handshaking: touch enhances video-mediated social telepresence. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems, 2143--2152.

Digital Library

[33]

Ian Oakley, Stephen Brewster, and Philip Gray. 2001. Can you feel the force? An investigation of haptic collaboration in shared editors. In Proceedings of EuroHaptics, 54--59.

[34]

H. Ogawa, N. Ando, and S Onodera. 2005. SmallConnection: designing of tangible communication media over networks. In Proceedings of Mobile Media, 1073--1074.

Digital Library

[35]

Young-Woo Park, Kyoung-Min Baek, and Tek-Jin Nam. 2013. The roles of touch during phone conversations: long-distance couples' use of POKE in their homes. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1679--1688.

Digital Library

[36]

Veljko Pejovic and Mirco Musolesi. 2014. InterruptMe: Designing Intelligent Prompting Mechanisms for Pervasive Applications. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '14), 897--908.

Digital Library

[37]

Gregory R. Pierce. 1994. The Quality of Relationships Inventory: Assessing the interpersonal context of social support. (1994).

[38]

A. F. Rovers and H. A. van Essen. 2006. Guidelines for haptic interpersonal communication applications: an exploration of foot interaction styles. Virtual Real. 9, 2--3 (March 2006), 177--191.

Digital Library

[39]

James A. Russell. 1980. A circumplex model of affect. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 39, (1980), 1161--1178.

[40]

Bahador Saket, Chrisnawan Prasojo, Yongfeng Huang, and Shengdong Zhao. 2013. Designing an effective vibration-based notification interface for mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 149--1504.

Digital Library

[41]

Johnny Saldaña. 2015. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.

[42]

Samarth Singhal, Carman Neustaedter, Yee Loong Ooi, Alissa N. Antle, and Brendan Matkin. 2017. Flex-N-Feel: The Design and Evaluation of Emotive Gloves for Couples to Support Touch Over Distance. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17), 98--110.

Digital Library

[43]

Hyewon Suh, Nina Shahriaree, Eric B. Hekler, and Julie A. Kientz. 2016. Developing and Validating the User Burden Scale: A Tool for Assessing User Burden in Computing Systems. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3988--3999.

Digital Library

[44]

Edmund R. Thompson. 2007. Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the Positive and Negative Affest Schedule (PANAS).(Author abstract). J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. 38, 2 (2007), 227.

[45]

Khai N. Truong, Thariq Shihipar, and Daniel J. Wigdor. 2014. Slide to X: Unlocking the Potential of Smartphone Unlocking. In Proceedings of the 32Nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 3635--3644.

Digital Library

[46]

Dzmitry Tsetserukou. 2010. HaptiHug: A novel haptic display for communication of hug over a distance. In International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, 340--347.

Digital Library

[47]

Baris Unver, Sarah A. McRoberts, Sabirat Rubya, Haiwei Ma, Zuoyi Zhang, and Svetlana Yarosh. 2016. ShareTable Application for HP Sprout. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3784--3787.

Digital Library

[48]

Heli Väätäjä and Virpi Roto. 2010. Mobile Questionnaires for User Experience Evaluation. In CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '10), 3361--3366.

Digital Library

[49]

Rongrong Wang, Francis Quek, Deborah Tatar, Keng Soon Teh, and Adrian Cheok. 2012. Keep in touch: channel, expectation and experience. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 139--148.

Digital Library

[50]

Svetlana Yarosh, Panos Markopoulos, and Gregory D. Abowd. 2014. Towards a Questionnaire for Measuring Affective Benefits and Costs of Communication Technologies. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '14), 84--96.

Digital Library

[51]

Svetlana Yarosh, Kenya Mejia, Baris Unver, Xizi Wang, Yuan Yao, Akin Campbell, and Bradley T. Holschuh. 2018. SqueezeBands: Mediated Social Touch Using Shape Memory Alloy Actuation. PACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, 1 (2017), To Appear. .

Digital Library

[52]

Svetlana Yarosh, Anthony Tang, Sanika Mokashi, and Gregory D. Abowd. 2013. Almost touching: parent-child remote communication using the sharetable system. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 181--192.

Digital Library

[53]

Tae-Jung Yun, Hee Young Jeong, Tanisha D. Hill, Burt Lesnick, Randall Brown, Gregory D. Abowd, and Rosa I. Arriaga. 2012. Using SMS to Provide Continuous Assessment and Improve Health Outcomes for Children with Asthma. In Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM SIGHIT International Health Informatics Symposium (IHI '12), 621--630.

Digital Library

Cited By

Loerakker MNiess JWoźniak P(2024)Technology which Makes You ThinkProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596158:2(1-24)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659615
Patibanda ROverdevest NNisal SSaini AElvitigala DKnibbe JVan Den Hoven EMueller F(2024)Shared Bodily Fusion: Leveraging Inter-Body Electrical Muscle Stimulation for Social PlayProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3660723(2088-2106)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3660723
Katins CWoźniak PChen ATumay ILe LUschold JKosch T(2024)Assessing User Apprehensions About Mixed Reality Artifacts and Applications: The Mixed Reality Concerns (MRC) QuestionnaireProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642631(1-13)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642631
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

A Nine-Item Questionnaire for Measuring the Social Disfordance of Mediated Social Touch Technologies
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
    1. Collaborative and social computing design and evaluation methods

Recommendations

Perceptions of visual and multimodal symbolic mediated social touch: Role of technology modality, relationship, and task emotional salience
Highlights
- We investigated how people perceive and respond to affective mediated social touch given the relationship between participants (strangers vs. known partners),...
Abstract
Mediated social touch technologies represent touch across distance as a mechanism for building and reinforcing social relationships. We investigated how people perceive and respond to mediated affective gestures given the relationship ...
Building social capital with Facebook: Type of network, availability of other media, and social self-efficacy matter^#
Highlights
- Type of friends affects building social capital via Facebook and traditional media.
Abstract
Findings about Facebook's effect on relationships are mixed, possibly due to lack of models that acknowledge differences across users, types of their friends, and use of competing media. To address this, we proposed and tested how ...
Social network activity and social well-being
CHI '10: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Previous research has shown a relationship between use of social networking sites and feelings of social capital. However, most studies have relied on self-reports by college students. The goals of the current study are to (1) validate the common self-...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 1, Issue CSCW

November 2017

2095 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3171581

Editors:
Clifford Lampe
University of Michigan
,
Jeff Nichols
Google
,
Karrie Karahalios
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
,
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
Vienna University of Technology
,
Uichin Lee
KAIST
,
Andres Monroy-Hernandez
Snap Inc.
,
Wolfgang Stuerzlinger
Simon Fraser University

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2017 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 06 December 2017

Published in PACMHCI Volume 1, Issue CSCW

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

NSF

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

11
Total Citations
View Citations
710
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)174
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)33

Reflects downloads up to 10 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Loerakker MNiess JWoźniak P(2024)Technology which Makes You ThinkProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596158:2(1-24)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659615
Patibanda ROverdevest NNisal SSaini AElvitigala DKnibbe JVan Den Hoven EMueller F(2024)Shared Bodily Fusion: Leveraging Inter-Body Electrical Muscle Stimulation for Social PlayProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3660723(2088-2106)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3660723
Katins CWoźniak PChen ATumay ILe LUschold JKosch T(2024)Assessing User Apprehensions About Mixed Reality Artifacts and Applications: The Mixed Reality Concerns (MRC) QuestionnaireProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642631(1-13)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642631
Kairam SFoote J(2024)How Founder Motivations, Goals, and Actions Influence Early Trajectories of Online CommunitiesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642269(1-11)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642269
Woźniak PHak MKotova ENiess JBentvelzen MWeingärtner HSchött SKarolus J(2023)Quantifying Meaningful Interaction: Developing the Eudaimonic Technology Experience ScaleProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596063(1904-1914)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563657.3596063
Phinnemore RReza MLewis BMahadevan KWang BAnnett MWigdor D(2023)Creepy Assistant: Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure the Perceived Creepiness of Voice AssistantsProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581346(1-18)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581346
Kairam SMercado MSumner S(2022)A Social-Ecological Approach to Modeling Sense of Virtual Community (SOVC) in Livestreaming CommunitiesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35550816:CSCW2(1-35)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3555081
Yarosh SWang XYao Y(2022)Perceptions of visual and multimodal symbolic mediated social touchInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102757159:COnline publication date: 1-Mar-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102757
Bentvelzen MNiess JWoźniak MWoźniak PKitamura YQuigley AIsbister KIgarashi TBjørn PDrucker S(2021)The Development and Validation of the Technology-Supported Reflection InventoryProceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3411764.3445673(1-8)Online publication date: 6-May-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3411764.3445673
Woźniak PKarolus JLang FEckerth CSchöning JRogers YNiess JKitamura YQuigley AIsbister KIgarashi TBjørn PDrucker S(2021)Creepy Technology:What Is It and How Do You Measure It?Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3411764.3445299(1-13)Online publication date: 6-May-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3411764.3445299
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents