Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/2470654.2481359acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Evaluating the efficiency of physical visualizations

Published: 27 April 2013 Publication History

Abstract

Data sculptures are an increasingly popular form of physical visualization whose purposes are essentially artistic, communicative or educational. But can physical visualizations help carry out actual information visualization tasks? We present the first infovis study comparing physical to on-screen visualizations. We focus on 3D visualizations, as these are common among physical visualizations but known to be problematic on computers. Taking 3D bar charts as an example, we show that moving visualizations to the physical world can improve users' efficiency at information retrieval tasks. In contrast, augmenting on-screen visualizations with stereoscopic rendering alone or with prop-based manipulation was of limited help. The efficiency of physical visualizations seems to stem from features that are unique to physical objects, such as their ability to be touched and their perfect visual realism. These findings provide empirical motivation for current research on fast digital fabrication and self-reconfiguring interfaces.

Supplementary Material

suppl.mov (chi0115-file3.mp4)
Supplemental video

References

[1]
Accot, J., and Zhai, S. More than dotting the i's -- foundations for crossing-based interfaces. In CHI'02, CHI '02 (2002), 73--80.
[2]
Adamoli, A., Jovic, M., and Hauswirth, M. Lagalyzer: A latency profile analysis and visualization tool. In Performance Analysis of Systems & Software (ISPASS), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on, IEEE (2010), 13--22.
[3]
Amar, R., Eagan, J., and Stasko, J. Low-level components of analytic activity in information visualization. In InfoVis'05 (2005).
[4]
Bade, R., Ritter, F., and Preim, B. Usability comparison of mouse-based interaction techniques for predictable 3d rotation. In Smart Graphics, Springer (2005), 924--924.
[5]
Bara, F., Gentaz, E., Colé, P., and Sprenger-Charolles, L. The visuo-haptic and haptic exploration of letters increases the kindergarten-children's understanding of the alphabetic principle. Cognitive development 19, 3 (2004), 433--449.
[6]
Chi, E. H. A taxonomy of visualization techniques using the data state reference model. In INFOVIS'00 (2000).
[7]
Cockburn, A., and McKenzie, B. Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial memory in 2d and 3d physical and virtual environments. In CHI'02 (2002).
[8]
Cumming, G. Understanding the New Statistics: Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, and Meta-Analysis. Multivariate Applications Series. Routledge, 2011.
[9]
Dwyer, T. Two-and-a-half-dimensional Visualisation of Relational Networks. PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 2004.
[10]
Elmqvist, N., Do, T.-N., Goodell, H., Henry, N., and Fekete, J.-D. Zame: Interactive large-scale graph visualization. In Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (2008), 215--222.
[11]
Goldstein, S. C., Campbell, J. D., and Mowry, T. C. Programmable matter. IEEE Computer 38, 6 (June 2005), 99--101.
[12]
Grossman, T., and Balakrishnan, R. An evaluation of depth perception on volumetric displays. In AVI'06 (2006).
[13]
Henry, N. Exploring large social networks with matrix-based representations. PhD thesis, Université Paris-Sud and University of Sydney, 2008.
[14]
Hinckley, K., Pausch, R., Goble, J. C., and Kassell, N. F. Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization. In CHI'94 (1994).
[15]
Hinckley, K., Tullio, J., Pausch, R., Proffitt, D., and Kassell, N. Usability analysis of 3d rotation techniques. In UIST'97 (1997).
[16]
Ishii, H., Lakatos, D., Bonanni, L., and Labrune, J.-B. Radical atoms: beyond tangible bits, toward transformable materials. interactions 19, 1 (Jan. 2012), 38--51.
[17]
Javed, W., McDonnel, B., and Elmqvist, N. Graphical perception of multiple time series. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 16, 6 (2010), 927--934.
[18]
Jonpasang. Hypermatrix. http://vimeo.com/46857169, 2012.
[19]
Julesz, B. Foundations of cyclopean perception. U. Chicago Press, 1971.
[20]
Kjellin, A., Pettersson, L. W., Seipel, S., and Lind, M. Evaluating 2d and 3d visualizations of spatiotemporal information. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 7, 3 (June 2008), 19:1--19:23.
[21]
Konchada, V., Jackson, B., Le, T., Borazjani, I., Sotiropoulos, F., and Keefe, D. F. Supporting internal visualization of biomedical datasets via 3d rapid prototypes and sketch-based gestures. In I3D '11 (2011).
[22]
Kruszynski, K. J., and Liere, R. V. Tangible props for scientific visualization: concept, requirements, application. Virtual Reality 13 (2009), 235--244.
[23]
Leithinger, D., Lakatos, D., DeVincenzi, A., Blackshaw, M., and Ishii, H. Direct and gestural interaction with relief: A 2.5 d shape display. In UIST'11 (2011).
[24]
McGookin, D., Robertson, E., and Brewster, S. Clutching at straws: using tangible interaction to provide non-visual access to graphs. In Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM (2010), 1715--1724.
[25]
Milgram, P., and Kishino, F. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans. Information Systems E77-D, 12 (1994).
[26]
Munzner, T. Information visualization. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008, ch. Process and Pitfalls in Writing Information Visualization Research Papers, 134--153.
[27]
Poupyrev, I., Nashida, T., Maruyama, S., Rekimoto, J., and Yamaji, Y. Lumen: interactive visual and shape display for calm computing. In SIGGRAPH'04 Emerging technologies (2004).
[28]
Pousman, Z., Stasko, J., and Mateas, M. Casual information visualization: Depictions of data in everyday life. TVCG 13, 6 (2007).
[29]
Rasmussen, M. K., Pedersen, E. W., Petersen, M. G., and Hornbæk, K. Shape-changing interfaces: a review of the design space and open research questions. In CHI'12 (2012).
[30]
Risden, K., Czerwinski, M. P., Munzner, T., and Cook, D. B. An initial examination of ease of use for 2d and 3d information visualizations of web content. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53, 5 (2000), 695--714.
[31]
Sauro, J., and Lewis, J. R. Average task times in usability tests: what to report? In CHI'10 (2010).
[32]
Shneiderman, B. Why not make interfaces better than 3d reality? IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 23, 6 (Nov. 2003).
[33]
Smith, G., Stuerzlinger, W., Salzman, T., Watson, B., and Buchanan, J. 3d scene manipulation with 2d devices and constraints. In Graphics Interface (2001), 135--142.
[34]
Spielman, H. A. "Virtual Reality" Circa 1935. http://tinyurl.com/spielman2006, October 2006.
[35]
Talbot, J., Lin, S., and Hanrahan, P. An extension of wilkinson's algorithm for positioning tick labels on axes. INFOVIS'10 (2010).
[36]
Todd, J. The visual perception of three-dimensional structure from motion. Handbook of perception and cognition, Volume 5: Perception of space and motion (1995), 201--226.
[37]
Tufte, E. R. The visual display of quantitative information. Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT, USA, 1986.
[38]
Ullmer, B., Kim, E., Kilian, A., Gray, S., and Ishii, H. Strata/icc: physical models as computational interfaces. In CHI EA '01 (2001).
[39]
Underkoffler, J., and Ishii, H. Urp: a luminous-tangible workbench for urban planning and design. In CHI'99 (1999).
[40]
Vande Moere, A. Beyond the tyranny of the pixel: Exploring the physicality of information visualization. In IV'08 (2008).
[41]
Vande Moere, A., and Patel, S. Analyzing the design approaches of physical data sculptures in a design education context. In Visual Information Communications International (VINCI'09) (2009).
[42]
Ware, C., and Arsenault, R. Frames of reference in virtual object rotation. In APGV '04 (2004).
[43]
Ware, C., and Balakrishnan, R. Reaching for objects in vr displays: lag and frame rate. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 1, 4 (Dec. 1994), 331--356.
[44]
Ware, C., and Mitchell, P. Reevaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing graphs in three dimensions. In APGV '05 (2005).
[45]
Ware, C., and Rose, J. Rotating virtual objects with real handles. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 6, 2 (June 1999), 162--180.
[46]
Wehrend, S., and Lewis, C. A problem-oriented classification of visualization techniques. In Visualization'90 (1990).
[47]
Wilson, M. Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 9 (2002), 625--636.
[48]
Wilson, M. How GM is saving cash using legos as a data viz tool. http://tinyurl.com/mwilson2012, April 2012.
[49]
Zhai, S., and Milgram, P. Quantifying coordination in multiple dof movement and its application to evaluating 6 dof input devices. In CHI'98 (1998).
[50]
Zhai, S., Milgram, P., and Buxton, W. The influence of muscle groups on performance of multiple degree-of-freedom input. In CHI'96 (1996).

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Intermolecular Forces in a Physical Molecular Visualization System: A Human-Computer Interaction ApplicationEuropean Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(2).142:2(212-223)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2024
  • (2024)Intermolecular Forces in a Physical Molecular Visualization System: A Human-Computer Interaction ApplicationSSRN Electronic Journal10.2139/ssrn.4840189Online publication date: 2024
  • (2024)Comparing the Effects of Visual, Haptic, and Visuohaptic Encoding on Memory Retention of Digital Objects in Virtual RealityProceedings of the 13th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3679318.3685349(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Evaluating the efficiency of physical visualizations

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CHI '13: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 2013
    3550 pages
    ISBN:9781450318990
    DOI:10.1145/2470654
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 27 April 2013

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. 3d visualization
    2. evaluation
    3. physical visualization

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    CHI '13
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    CHI '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 392 of 1,963 submissions, 20%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

    Upcoming Conference

    CHI '25
    CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 26 - May 1, 2025
    Yokohama , Japan

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)192
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)26
    Reflects downloads up to 21 Nov 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Intermolecular Forces in a Physical Molecular Visualization System: A Human-Computer Interaction ApplicationEuropean Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(2).142:2(212-223)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2024
    • (2024)Intermolecular Forces in a Physical Molecular Visualization System: A Human-Computer Interaction ApplicationSSRN Electronic Journal10.2139/ssrn.4840189Online publication date: 2024
    • (2024)Comparing the Effects of Visual, Haptic, and Visuohaptic Encoding on Memory Retention of Digital Objects in Virtual RealityProceedings of the 13th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3679318.3685349(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Physicalization from Theory to Practice: Exploring Contemporary Challenges for Physicalization DesignCompanion Publication of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3656156.3658381(368-371)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Tangible Data: Immersive Data Exploration with TouchACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Emerging Technologies10.1145/3641517.3664398(1-2)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Feeling Data through Movement: Designing Somatic Data Experiences with DancersProceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3623509.3633371(1-11)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2024
    • (2024)Knitting Interactive Spaces: Fabricating Data Physicalizations of Local Community Visitors with Circular Knitting MachinesProceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3623509.3633359(1-14)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2024
    • (2024)Investigating the Effect of Operation Mode and Manifestation on Physicalizations of Dynamic ProcessesComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1510643:3Online publication date: 10-Jun-2024
    • (2024)A Computational Design Pipeline to Fabricate Sensing Network PhysicalizationsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.332719830:1(913-923)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024
    • (2024)Dr. KID: Direct Remeshing and K-Set Isometric Decomposition for Scalable Physicalization of Organic ShapesIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.332659530:1(705-715)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media