The meaning of civilization has changed depending on time and place during history. Current conse... more The meaning of civilization has changed depending on time and place during history. Current consensus on the definition of civilization is 'an advanced state of human society with developed organizations, government, and technology.' However, establishing civilizations also includes "developed" cultures and social norms. These unwritten rules force 'civilized people' to obey these norms, even if it means erasing a part of their identity. Therefore, when one examines civilizations from the aspect of individuals, it is clearly seen that personalities are suppressed due to the unwritten rules. In Freudian terms, that corresponds to repressing the unconscious.
In Marketing Hedonics: Toward a Psychoanalysis of Advertising Response, Laura R. Oswald analyzes ... more In Marketing Hedonics: Toward a Psychoanalysis of Advertising Response, Laura R. Oswald analyzes advertising response from a psychoanalytic view by approaching complementary factors of advertising discourse. Starting from the point of how advertising both maintains and make use of social norms and cultural preconceptions, she tackles brand positioning, semiotics of gender and consumer desire as factors of advertising discourse. The author focuses on the relation between psychic drives of consumers and semiotic codes of brands which is based upon the Neo-Freudian psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan. She examines further into the campaigns of Dolce & Gabbana and Calvin Klein to illustrate how they have led the way to the change of the object of the gaze, and "hold the consumer in a passion play." Oswald claims that the consumer is a subject of projective identification by the brand, and only after that they establish a relation between the content of the image and their personality. While the author's claims present the algorithm of advertising almost perfectly, there are still some points of her theory which will be argued in this paper.
Male dominated fields suppress the visibility of women and form a patriarchal system that only be... more Male dominated fields suppress the visibility of women and form a patriarchal system that only benefit men. This system also affects the area of translation. In translations, encountering sexist language is common. To show that patriarchal language is degrading and misogynistic, some translators started to work on not only the translation itself but also on correcting the problematic language and concepts. These feminist translators make women’s voice visible in translations by adopting certain strategies. Emek Ergün’s translation of Virgin: The Untouched History (2007) is one of the examples of feminist translation practices in Turkish translations. The translator writes an unusually long preface on how the translation is a feminist one. Ergün also chooses the word “himen” over “kızlık zarı”, which is a conventional usage of the term, while translating “hymen”. Feminist translations of literary works promote feminist movement and give women some space to show that they exist in all the fields that men do. Although practicing feminist translation has been an ongoing act, is it realistic to expect from these translations to contribute to the feminist movement? Is it possible for women to voice their opinions about patriarchal use of language and concepts in translations? This paper will answer these questions by analyzing Emek Ergün’s translation and giving examples of other works to show that it is possible to counter patriarchy through translation.
Today’s well-known fairy tales date back to the 19th century. At the beginning, they were both fo... more Today’s well-known fairy tales date back to the 19th century. At the beginning, they were both for adults and children but nowadays fairy tales are written for children only. These tales have had an important role in societies; storytelling has helped communities form common moral codes and values. These morals and values were based on traditional gender roles developed under patriarchy which were passed on down generations through fairy tales and other means of social elements. The characters in tales represents these traditional roles and they have shaped people’s understanding of their place in the society. Thus, all fairy tales are problematic in terms of gender relations because they promote patriarchal values from which only cisgender heterosexual males gain benefits. Grimms’ Rapunzel, for instance, is only one of the examples. It is one of the most popular tale parents tell their children. However, from a gender perspective, it is binary, has corrupted power relations, and do not depict genders in any way equal.
This paper deals with the fact that from the 18th century to modern day, our clothes have been de... more This paper deals with the fact that from the 18th century to modern day, our clothes have been designed based on the gender assumptions. The first chapter provides a starting point for understanding why clothes are gendered by encapsulating the history of dress. The second chapter starts with definitions with regard to gender and sex. By analyzing a book, two papers and other sources for this part, I have come to the conclusion that gender is a social construct hence gendered clothing is also an imposition of societies. Gendered clothing creates sexual division and this affects people who does not fit in those two categories. The rest of the paper defines and gives examples of unisex and androgynous style. It suggests reshaping the fashion industry by ignoring the gender lines.
Basically, the aim of this research is to focus on how and why drag families form, and what kind ... more Basically, the aim of this research is to focus on how and why drag families form, and what kind of a motherhood drag mothers perform. Other than this focus, I analyze why queers need kinship, how do they find a space to get together and bond. Also, I raise the questions of the motherhood having a fixed definition for both biological mothers and non-biological mothers or not. While explaining drag families, I deconstruct heteronormative family structure.
In his article, Anthony Pym fundamentally talks about how technological changes affect translator... more In his article, Anthony Pym fundamentally talks about how technological changes affect translators, translations and their process. He bases his argument on that technology changes the language, and from that he moves to the observation that technology also alters translator’s cognitive activity during the process. Then, using Saussure’s terms, he analyzes the change in texts, the way we write and perceive texts with new technology; he suggests that the paradigmatic is imposed on the syntagmatic. He reveals the reason why technological change is regarded as evil, so to speak, and calls attention to how the interaction among translators has changed. He ends the article with a positive and hopeful attitude for the future of the relationship between technology and translation.
The meaning of civilization has changed depending on time and place during history. Current conse... more The meaning of civilization has changed depending on time and place during history. Current consensus on the definition of civilization is 'an advanced state of human society with developed organizations, government, and technology.' However, establishing civilizations also includes "developed" cultures and social norms. These unwritten rules force 'civilized people' to obey these norms, even if it means erasing a part of their identity. Therefore, when one examines civilizations from the aspect of individuals, it is clearly seen that personalities are suppressed due to the unwritten rules. In Freudian terms, that corresponds to repressing the unconscious.
In Marketing Hedonics: Toward a Psychoanalysis of Advertising Response, Laura R. Oswald analyzes ... more In Marketing Hedonics: Toward a Psychoanalysis of Advertising Response, Laura R. Oswald analyzes advertising response from a psychoanalytic view by approaching complementary factors of advertising discourse. Starting from the point of how advertising both maintains and make use of social norms and cultural preconceptions, she tackles brand positioning, semiotics of gender and consumer desire as factors of advertising discourse. The author focuses on the relation between psychic drives of consumers and semiotic codes of brands which is based upon the Neo-Freudian psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan. She examines further into the campaigns of Dolce & Gabbana and Calvin Klein to illustrate how they have led the way to the change of the object of the gaze, and "hold the consumer in a passion play." Oswald claims that the consumer is a subject of projective identification by the brand, and only after that they establish a relation between the content of the image and their personality. While the author's claims present the algorithm of advertising almost perfectly, there are still some points of her theory which will be argued in this paper.
Male dominated fields suppress the visibility of women and form a patriarchal system that only be... more Male dominated fields suppress the visibility of women and form a patriarchal system that only benefit men. This system also affects the area of translation. In translations, encountering sexist language is common. To show that patriarchal language is degrading and misogynistic, some translators started to work on not only the translation itself but also on correcting the problematic language and concepts. These feminist translators make women’s voice visible in translations by adopting certain strategies. Emek Ergün’s translation of Virgin: The Untouched History (2007) is one of the examples of feminist translation practices in Turkish translations. The translator writes an unusually long preface on how the translation is a feminist one. Ergün also chooses the word “himen” over “kızlık zarı”, which is a conventional usage of the term, while translating “hymen”. Feminist translations of literary works promote feminist movement and give women some space to show that they exist in all the fields that men do. Although practicing feminist translation has been an ongoing act, is it realistic to expect from these translations to contribute to the feminist movement? Is it possible for women to voice their opinions about patriarchal use of language and concepts in translations? This paper will answer these questions by analyzing Emek Ergün’s translation and giving examples of other works to show that it is possible to counter patriarchy through translation.
Today’s well-known fairy tales date back to the 19th century. At the beginning, they were both fo... more Today’s well-known fairy tales date back to the 19th century. At the beginning, they were both for adults and children but nowadays fairy tales are written for children only. These tales have had an important role in societies; storytelling has helped communities form common moral codes and values. These morals and values were based on traditional gender roles developed under patriarchy which were passed on down generations through fairy tales and other means of social elements. The characters in tales represents these traditional roles and they have shaped people’s understanding of their place in the society. Thus, all fairy tales are problematic in terms of gender relations because they promote patriarchal values from which only cisgender heterosexual males gain benefits. Grimms’ Rapunzel, for instance, is only one of the examples. It is one of the most popular tale parents tell their children. However, from a gender perspective, it is binary, has corrupted power relations, and do not depict genders in any way equal.
This paper deals with the fact that from the 18th century to modern day, our clothes have been de... more This paper deals with the fact that from the 18th century to modern day, our clothes have been designed based on the gender assumptions. The first chapter provides a starting point for understanding why clothes are gendered by encapsulating the history of dress. The second chapter starts with definitions with regard to gender and sex. By analyzing a book, two papers and other sources for this part, I have come to the conclusion that gender is a social construct hence gendered clothing is also an imposition of societies. Gendered clothing creates sexual division and this affects people who does not fit in those two categories. The rest of the paper defines and gives examples of unisex and androgynous style. It suggests reshaping the fashion industry by ignoring the gender lines.
Basically, the aim of this research is to focus on how and why drag families form, and what kind ... more Basically, the aim of this research is to focus on how and why drag families form, and what kind of a motherhood drag mothers perform. Other than this focus, I analyze why queers need kinship, how do they find a space to get together and bond. Also, I raise the questions of the motherhood having a fixed definition for both biological mothers and non-biological mothers or not. While explaining drag families, I deconstruct heteronormative family structure.
In his article, Anthony Pym fundamentally talks about how technological changes affect translator... more In his article, Anthony Pym fundamentally talks about how technological changes affect translators, translations and their process. He bases his argument on that technology changes the language, and from that he moves to the observation that technology also alters translator’s cognitive activity during the process. Then, using Saussure’s terms, he analyzes the change in texts, the way we write and perceive texts with new technology; he suggests that the paradigmatic is imposed on the syntagmatic. He reveals the reason why technological change is regarded as evil, so to speak, and calls attention to how the interaction among translators has changed. He ends the article with a positive and hopeful attitude for the future of the relationship between technology and translation.
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