Books by Aleksandar Fotic
Вински летопис Србије, приредили Александар Фотић, Жељко Томановић, Мирослав Николић, Београд: САНУ, 2023 (Wine Chronicles of Serbia, ed. A. Fotić, Ž. Tomanović, M. Nikolić, Belgrade, SASA, 2023)
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The book aims at a readership of both economists
and historians. Beyond the well-known
Weberian t... more The book aims at a readership of both economists
and historians. Beyond the well-known
Weberian thesis concerning the role of Protestantism
in the development of capitalism, monastic
economies are studied to assess their
impact on the religious patterns of economic behavior.
Those issues are discussed in the frame
of key economic concepts such as rationality,
state intervention, networking, agency, and governance.
The book includes essays concerning
Byzantine, Ottoman and modern South-Eastern
Europe, and early modern and modern Western
Europe. Survival and continuity of the monastic
wealth is considered as an example of successful
handling of real estate transactions, flows of
funds, and contacts with financial institutions.
Moreover, the book focuses on the economic impact
of the privileged relations of monasticism
with the secular powers. Finally, the question is
raised how the monastic economy (still) matters
in the contemporary world.
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Историја на длану: хронологија најважнијих догађаја од праисторије до данас, аутори: Н. Тасић, Д. Михаиловић, М. Обрадовић, Р. Радић, В. Бикић, А. Фотић, М. Тимотијевић, А. Столић, Р. Вучетић, Београд: Креативни центар 2014
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Papers by Aleksandar Fotic
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„Прве светске класификације српских вина 1816, 1822. и 1832. године“ (The First International Classification of Serbian Wines 1816, 1822, and 1832), Вински летопис Србије, приредили А. Фотић, Ж. Томановић, М. Николић, Београд: САНУ, 2023, 132-135
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Hilandarski zbornik, 2021
In the period of Ottoman rule Orthodox Christians in the Balkans followed economic trends and beh... more In the period of Ottoman rule Orthodox Christians in the Balkans followed economic trends and behaved according to existing laws. The elders from Hilandar monastery, as well as all Athonite monks acted accordingly. If the monks had some religious prejudices towards Jews, just like towards Muslims, it never refers to business relations. Ottoman documents from Hilandar monastery archive bear evidence to highly developed trade dealings, credit transactions, as well as the presence of Jewish merchants on Mount Athos itself. The monastic fraternity of Hilandar took out loans from Jewish creditors, usually those from Thessaloniki and Siderokavsia, especially in the case of large sums that were difficult to obtain from other sources. It seems that they pledged their estates (metochia) until the payment of their debts, if Jewish creditors who for a time governed the large Hilandar metochion in Üç Ev (Neochorion, Kalamaria) are to be believed. The largest loans were taken out during the period of the so-called “confiscation affair” (1568/69), when the monastic community of Hilandar (as all other monasteries in the Empire) was forced to purchase its own estates from the state. Jewish creditors sometimes took unlawful interest rates, as evidenced by disputes held at kadı courts. There are examples testifying that the hegoumens of Hilandar voluntarily took Jews for their legal representatives (vekils) in real estate transactions, which needed to be registered at the kadi court. They clearly trusted the Jews as financial experts. Their commercial expertise and ability to raise large funds in a short period of time made the Jews useful business partners of the Hilandar Monastery.
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“How to Run a Big Monastic Çiftlik: the Case of Hilandar’s ʻBulgar Metochionʼ in Karviya (Kalamaria), Sixteenth-Seventeenth Centuries”, Monastic Economy across Time. Wealth Management, Patterns, and Trends, ed. by R. Avramov, A. Fotić, E. Kolovos, Ph. P. Kotzageorgis, Sofia: CAS, 2021, 83-97
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Books by Aleksandar Fotic
and historians. Beyond the well-known
Weberian thesis concerning the role of Protestantism
in the development of capitalism, monastic
economies are studied to assess their
impact on the religious patterns of economic behavior.
Those issues are discussed in the frame
of key economic concepts such as rationality,
state intervention, networking, agency, and governance.
The book includes essays concerning
Byzantine, Ottoman and modern South-Eastern
Europe, and early modern and modern Western
Europe. Survival and continuity of the monastic
wealth is considered as an example of successful
handling of real estate transactions, flows of
funds, and contacts with financial institutions.
Moreover, the book focuses on the economic impact
of the privileged relations of monasticism
with the secular powers. Finally, the question is
raised how the monastic economy (still) matters
in the contemporary world.
Papers by Aleksandar Fotic
and historians. Beyond the well-known
Weberian thesis concerning the role of Protestantism
in the development of capitalism, monastic
economies are studied to assess their
impact on the religious patterns of economic behavior.
Those issues are discussed in the frame
of key economic concepts such as rationality,
state intervention, networking, agency, and governance.
The book includes essays concerning
Byzantine, Ottoman and modern South-Eastern
Europe, and early modern and modern Western
Europe. Survival and continuity of the monastic
wealth is considered as an example of successful
handling of real estate transactions, flows of
funds, and contacts with financial institutions.
Moreover, the book focuses on the economic impact
of the privileged relations of monasticism
with the secular powers. Finally, the question is
raised how the monastic economy (still) matters
in the contemporary world.
KEYWORDS: André Jullien, 19th century, wine classification, wine growing regions, Srem, Banat, Serbia
In the period of Ottoman rule Orthodox Christians in the Balkans only followed economic trends and adapted to existing laws. The described examples show that there was no room for religious bias in business projects. Credit transactions – the act of giving loans at an interest or taking out such a loan – could also take place between members of different religions. The relevant fact was who had ready cash rather than the lender’s religious identity as a Muslim, Christian or Jew. In addition, these transactions were characterized by social and gender equality. The patriarch could lend money to Jews, priests took out loans from the kadı, monasteries lent money at an interest to Muslims…
The ruling elite of the Ottoman Empire never allowed credit transactions to become messy. There were clearly defined contract templates, and the interest rate was for centuries fixed at 15% by the sultans. It is unsurprising that wealthy subjects or institutions lent their funds to others. However, extensive Ottoman archival material has revealed that the majority of loans concerned smaller sums and moneylenders of an average wealth. Besides individuals, interest was used as a source of income by vakfs, monasteries, orphan assets, craft guilds, church communities, metropolitanates, patriarchates... – any institution that had ready cash money. Many subjects were familiar with the legal framework that determined the conditions for taking out and repaying debts at an interest. Therefore it is hardly surprising that many terms from contracts in the Ottoman Turkish language quickly made their way into local languages, although there were already adequate native expressions for most. Reasons for this certainly included the unambiguous meaning of these terms and fears of potential manipulations. Examples show that Ottoman Turkish terms with clearly defined meanings were ad litteram adopted from the legal and bureaucratic vocabulary of official Ottoman documents (primarily from fermans and hüccets), such as fajda, amanet, mumamele/mamele, vada, oni on bir bučuge etc. However, local terms were not forgotten and continued to be used alongside Ottoman ones, ultimately pushing out Turkish loanwords in the 19th century.
Key words: Monastery of Jašunja, banditry, 1782, Leskovac kadı court, Ottoman Empire.
Апстракт
На основу изузетно ретког османског документа из готово недоступног Aрхива Јерусалимске патријаршије, анализирани су подаци о разбојничком чину и смртном рањавању монаха у Јашуњском манастиру 1782. године. По свој прили-ци, документ се ту обрео као део заоставштине јашуњског монаха Гаврила, који је кренуо на хаџилук и преминуо у Јерусалиму. Указано је на правну процедуру и однос османских власти према манастирима у случајевима разбојничких провала. Потврђују се ставови о порасту криминала у осиромашеним османским европ-ским провинцијама током друге половине 18. века.
Keywords: Belgrade, Mirijevo, Višnjica, Gornje Slance, Donje Slance, Mehmed Pasha Yahyapaşaoğlu’s vakıf, 17th Century
are the type of documents originated by local authorities that have only exceptionally
been preserved as original archival material. They are of outstanding importance for
studying the kadı’s administrative role, an aspect of his office which has not received
much attention in historiography. By fortunate circumstance, Biblioteca Universitaria di
Bologna holds about a dozen müraseles issued by the kadı of Belgrade in 1683. All are
addressed to the mütevelli of Yahyapaşaoğlu Mehmed Paşa’s Belgrade vakıf and concern the duties of the inhabitants of his vakıf’s suburban villages: Mirijevo, Višnjica, Gornje Slance and Donje Slance. The villagers, being experienced as millers operating
characteristic floating mills on the Danube, are ordered to assist in building a pontoon
bridge, to tow boats to the city port, to transport timber, sand and the stone from the
nearby quarry at Kayaburunu for the construction of the Imperial Palace and the Palace of the Grand Vizier, to provide oxcarts and labourers... The müraseles testify to a lively building activity in preparation for the arrival of Ottoman armies and to the kadı’s role in making provisions for the construction.
Keywords: Belgrade, Mehmed Paşa Yahyapaşazade’s vakıf, 1683, kadı’s duties,
mürasele.
Валоризација и очување генетичких ресурса винове лозе су изузетно важни за вински сектор сваке земље. Старе сорте, које су вековима присутне на овим просторима и које су опстале до данашњих дана, представљају непроцењиво генетичко национално благо и део су српске баштине. Ове сорте су извор веома корисних особина и у том смислу представљају веома важан генетички материјал за оплемењивачки рад и стварање нових сорти.
Са друге стране, аутохтоне сорте једне земље су сведоци њене виноградарске традиције што у винском сектору има изузетно велики маркетиншки значај у промоцији једне земље као винске дестинације.
У оквиру предавања, биће приказани резултати интердисциплинарних истраживања (прва фаза) генетичког диверзитета аутохтоних и старих локалних сорти винове лозе у Србији.
По обављеној молекуларној карактеризацији узорака прикупљених из винограда традиционалних виноградарских рејона, издвојено је 60 различитих генетичких профила од којих 11 представљају нове генотипове.
Приказана је и генетичка сродност између испитиваних генетичких профила. Утврђени су родитељски парови за сорту жилавку, кркошију, кривају, кевединку, станушину, као и за два новоткривена, непозната генетичка профила.
Резултати прве фазе истраживања су поставили добру основу за наставак истраживања, утврђивање аутохтоности сорти и успостављање генетичке повезаности, степена сродства, између аутохтоних сорти Србије и локалних сорти из окружења, утврђивање нових родитељских парова као и увид у порекло старих сорти на овим просторима.
Једна од више десетина примедби.
Маја 2022. године домета је одлука да се не дозволи проширење Циглане!