"Virginia" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng
刪去的內容 新增的內容
~ r2.7.1) (bot siu-kái: ckb:ڤیرجینیا |
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| (Iáu-bē hián-sī 24 tiong-kan pán-pún iû 8 iōng-tsiá) | |||
| Tē 1 chōa: | Tē 1 chōa: | ||
{{Infobox U.S. state |
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[[File:Map of USA highlighting Virginia.png|right]] |
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|Fullname = Virginia Kiōng-êng-kok<br>''Commonwealth of Virginia'' |
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|Flag = Flag of Virginia.svg |
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|Name = Virginia |
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|FlagAlt = Navy blue flag with the circular Seal of Virginia centered on it. |
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|Seal = Seal of Virginia.svg |
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|SealAlt = A circular seal with the words "Virginia" on the top and "Sic Semper Tyrannis" on the bottom. In the center, a woman wearing a blue toga and Athenian helmet stands on the chest of dead man wearing a purple breastplate and skirt. The woman holds a spear and sheathed sword. The man holds a broken chain while his crown lies away from the figures. Orange leaves encircle the seal. |
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|Flaglink = [[Flag of Virginia|Chiu-kî]] |
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|Seallink = [[Seal of Virginia|Chiu-chiong]] |
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|Nickname = "Old Dominion", "Mother of Presidents and the Mother of Statesmen" |
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|Motto = {{nowrap|{{lang|la|[[Sic semper tyrannis]]}}}}<br />{{nowrap|(English: Thus Always to Tyrants)}}<ref name=factpack>{{cite web|url=http://legis.state.va.us/1_cap_class/class_media/4_5_pdfs/factpack-1.pdf |title=Factpack |publisher=[[Virginia General Assembly]] |date=January 11, 2007 |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028193205/http://legis.state.va.us/1_cap_class/class_media/4_5_pdfs/factpack-1.pdf |archivedate=October 28, 2008 |df= }}</ref> |
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|Map = Virginia in United States.svg |
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|MapAlt = Virginia is located on the Atlantic coast along the line that divides the northern and southern halves of the United States. It runs mostly east to west. It includes a small peninsula across a bay which is discontinuous with the rest of the state. |
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|OfficialLang = Eng-gí |
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|Languages = Eng-gí 85.87%,<br />Se-pan-gâ-gí 6.41%<br />Kî-tha 7.72% |
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|Demonym = Virginian |
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|LargestCity = [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]] |
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|Capital = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] |
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|LargestMetro = [[Washington tō͘-chhī-khu]] |
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|AreaRank = tē-35 |
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|TotalAreaUS = 42,774.2 |
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|TotalArea = 110,785.67 |
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|WidthUS = 200 |
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|Width = 320 |
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|LengthUS = 430 |
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|Length = 690 |
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|PCWater = 7.4 |
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|Latitude = 36° 32′ N to 39° 28′ N |
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|Longitude = 75° 15′ W to 83° 41′ W |
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|PopRank = tē-12 |
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|2010Pop = 8,411,808 (2016 est.)<ref name=PopHousingEst>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |date=June 22, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2017|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> |
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|MedianHouseholdIncome = $61,486<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref> |
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|2000DensityUS = 206.7 |
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|2000Density = 79.8 |
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|DensityRank = tē-14 |
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|IncomeRank = tē-14 |
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|HighestPoint = [[Mount Rogers]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 24, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102003514/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=November 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> |
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|HighestElevUS = 5,729 |
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|HighestElev = 1746 |
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|MeanElevUS = 950 |
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|MeanElev = 290 |
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|LowestPoint = [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ]]<ref name=USGS/> |
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|LowestElev = 0 |
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|LowestElevUS = 0 |
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|Former = Virginia Si̍t-bîn-tē |
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|AdmittanceDate = 1788 nî 6 goe̍h 25 |
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|AdmittanceOrder = 10th |
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|Governor = [[Ralph Northam]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |
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|Lieutenant Governor = [[Justin Fairfax]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |
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|Legislature = [[Virginia General Assembly|Gī-hōe]] |
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|Upperhouse = [[Senate of Virginia|Chham-gī-hōe]] |
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|Lowerhouse = [[Virginia House of Delegates|Chiòng-gī-hōe]] |
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|Senators = [[Mark Warner]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<br />[[Tim Kaine]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |
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|Representative = 7-ê Kiōng-hô-thóng,<br />4-ê Bîn-chú-thóng |
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|TimeZone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastern Time Zone|−5]]/[[Eastern Daylight Time|−4]] |
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|ISOCode = US-VA |
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|PostalAbbreviation = VA |
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|TradAbbreviation = Va. |
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|Website = www.virginia.gov |
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|LargestCounty = [[Fairfax Kūn (Virginia)|Fairfax Kūn]] |
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|ElectoralVotes = 13 |
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|SecededDate = 1861 nî 4 goe̍h 17 |
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|ReadmittanceDate = 1870 nî 1 goe̍h 26 |
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}} |
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'''Virginia''' sī [[Bí-kok]] ê chi̍t-ê [[Chiu (Bí-kok)|chiu]]. [[Bí-kok kok-chiu siú-hú ê lia̍t-toaⁿ|Siú-hú]] sī [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī [[Virginia Beach]]. |
'''Virginia''' sī [[Bí-kok]] ê chi̍t-ê [[Chiu (Bí-kok)|chiu]]. [[Bí-kok kok-chiu siú-hú ê lia̍t-toaⁿ|Siú-hú]] sī [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī [[Virginia Beach]]. |
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== Tē-lí == |
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{{USA}} |
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Virginia ê tang-pêng kap pak-pêng sī [[Washington, D.C.]] kap [[Maryland]]; lâm-pên sī [[North Carolina]]; sai-lâm-pêng sī [[Tennessee]]; sai-pêng sī [[Kentucky]]; pak-pêng kiam sai-pêng sī [[West Virginia]]. Lēng-gōa óa tang-pêng ê hái sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ]] |
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== Le̍k-sú == |
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[[Category:Bí-kok ê chiu]] |
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Ū khó-kó͘ gián-kiù hoat-àn [[Pocahontas Island]] (chi̍t-ê poàn-tó tē-hng) tī Chêng 6500 chiō ū lâng khiā-khí. |
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{{Link FA|en}} |
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{{Link FA|es}} |
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Tong Eng-lân khún-hō͘ tī 1607 nî tú lâi-kàu [[Jamestown]] ê sî, tī Virgina [[chúi-chhiâng-sòaⁿ]] (''fall line'', chi̍t khoán tē-lí hun-kài) tang-pêng tōa-hūn thó͘-tē lóng sī [[Algonquin]] pō͘-cho̍k khòng-chè ê só͘-chāi. In sī liân-ha̍p tī le̍k-sú-ha̍k siōng só͘ kóng ê [[Powhatan Pang-liân]] ē-té, he̍k-chiá kóng sī chi̍t-ê "tè-kok". Siú-léng [[Wahunsunacock]] tī 16 sè-kí bóe kàu 17 sè-kí chheh cheng-ho̍k kiam liân-ha̍p liáu tāi-khài saⁿ-cha̍p-ê pō͘-lo̍k, che siú-léng hông kiò chò sī ''Powhatan'', i chheng só͘ khòng-chè ê thó͘-tē sī [[Tenakomakah]]. |
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[[af:Virginië]] |
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[[am:ቨርጂኒያ]] |
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Virginia si̍t-bîn-tē sī 1607 nî [[Lûn-tun Kong-si]] (''London Company'') kiàn-li̍p--ê.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Concise History of the United States of America|first=Susan-Mary |last = Grant|year=2012|isbn= 9780521612791|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=74}}</ref> |
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[[an:Virchinia]] |
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[[ang:Virginia]] |
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Tāi-eng-kok Kok-hōe tī tùi Hoat-kok kap Ìn-tò͘ ê chiàn-chéng liáu-āu hiòng si̍t-bîn-tē ka-kiông tin-sòe, ín-khí chia só͘-chāi ê put-boán. Tong-sî [[Patrick Henry]] kap [[Richard Henry Lee]] téng gī-oân chhōa-thâu ê [[Kong-bîn-hōe]] (''House of Burgesses'') chiō sī hoán-tùi sin sòe-kim chè-tō͘--ê. 1773 nî, Virginia lâng khai-sí kap pa̍t chiu cho͘-chit in hêng-tông. 1774 nî in phài tāi-piáu chham-ka [[Tāi-lio̍k Hōe-gī]], tong-nî Kong-bîn-hōe hō͘ ông-ka phài ê chóng-tok kái-sàn, kek-bēng-phài ê thâu-lâng chiō keng-kòe [[Virgina Tāi-hōe]] (''Virginia Conventions'') î-chhî koán-lí. Kàu 1776 nî ê sî, Tāi-hōe soan-pò͘ Virginia tùi Tāi-eng Tè-kok to̍k-li̍p, chhái-ēng [[George Mason]] ê [[Virginia Khoân-lī Soan-giân]] (''Virginia Declaration of Rights''). Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi Virginia lâng [[Thomas Jefferson]] āu--lâi koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khí-chhó liáu Bí-kok ê [[To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân]]. |
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[[ar:فيرجينيا]] |
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[[arc:ܒܪܓܝܢܝܐ]] |
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[[Bí-kok Lōe-chiàn|Lōe-chiàn]] chìn-chêng, Virginia tû-liáu tī lông-gia̍p siōng, ùi [[khòng-gia̍p]] ê [[lô͘-lē]] sú-iōng mā tng teh chin-ka. 1800 nî. Hit chūn mā sán-seng lô͘-lē hóng-khòng oa̍h-tāng, pau-koat chhiūⁿ [[Gabriel Prosser]] tī 1800 nî, [[Nat Turner]] tī 1831 nî, kap [[John Brow]] tī 1859 nî, hun-pia̍t niá-chhōa liáu po̍k-tōng sū-kiāⁿ. Kàu 1860 nî ê sî, tāi-khài chiâⁿ pah bān, chiàu beh 31% ê Virginia jîn-kháu sī lô͘-lē. |
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[[arz:فيرجينيا]] |
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[[ast:Virxinia]] |
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1861 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t, Virginia tâu-phiò koat-tēng thoat-lî Bí-kok. Kàu 4 goe̍h 24, in ka-ji̍p [[America Pang-liân-kok]], tong-sî Pang-liân siú-hú chiō siat tī Virginia ê [[Richmond]]. Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, tī 1870 nî, keng-kòe [[Kiú-jîn Úi-oân-hōe]] (''Committee of Nine'') ê ūn-chok, Virginia chèng-sek tó-tńg Bí-kok. |
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[[az:Virciniya]] |
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[[bar:Virginia]] |
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Virginia chhut-sin ê [[James Albert Bonsack]] tī 1880 nî hoat-bêng liáu kńg [[ta-bá-koh]] [[chóa-hun]] ê ke-khì, niá-chhōa liáu [[Richmond]] ê chi̍t kái kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Kàu 1886 nî ê sî, thih-lō͘ si̍t-gia̍p-ka [[Collis Potter Huntington]] kiàn-li̍p khí [[Newport News Shipbuilding]] chō-chûn-só͘, che kang-tiûⁿ tè-bé tī tâu-jip [[It-chhù Tāi-chià]] chêng-āu [[Bí-kok Hái-kun]] chiàn-lām ê seng-sán. |
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[[bat-smg:Virdžinėjė]] |
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[[bcl:Virginia (estado)]] |
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1951 nî tī [[Farmville]], [[Barbara Rose Johns]] hoat-tōng hoán-khòng chéng-cho̍k keh-lî ha̍k-hāu ê ūn-tōng, ín-khí ''[[Davis tùi Prince Edward Kūn ê Kūn Ha̍k-hāu Lí-sū-hōe]]'' (''Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County'') koaⁿ-si. Àn-kiāⁿ tī 1954 nî keng-kòe ''[[Brown tùi Kàu-io̍k Lí-sū-hōe]]'' (''Brown v. Board of Education'') àn khak-tēng, kī-choa̍t liáu keh-lî-phài tùi "hûn-lî m̄-koh pêng-téng" ê chú-tiuⁿ. 1960 nî-tāi oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê [[Kong-bîn Khoân-lī Ūn-tōng]], ín-chhōa liáu Bí-kok chē hāng choân-kok-sèng ê hoat-àn. Tī 1964 nî, Bí-kok Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ bēng-lēng [[Prince Edward Kūn]] téng tē-hng ài hòe-tû keh-lî-sek ha̍k-hāu. |
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[[be:Штат Вірджынія]] |
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[[be-x-old:Вірджынія]] |
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== Keng-chè == |
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[[bg:Вирджиния]] |
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Virginia tī 2015 nî ê [[GDP]] sī 481,084 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/VANGSP|title= Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Virginia |work= FRED|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|date=2016-12-07|accessdate=2017-04-03}}</ref> Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī [[sió-bē-gia̍p]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015|date=2016-08-05|url=https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2016/major-industries-with-highest-employment-by-state.htm|accessdate=2017-03-11|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|work=Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref> |
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[[bi:Virginia]] |
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[[bn:ভার্জিনিয়া]] |
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== Chham-khó == |
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[[bo:ཝིར་ཇི་ནི་ཡ།]] |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[bpy:ভার্জিনিয়া]] |
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[[br:Virginia]] |
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{{Bí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu}} |
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[[bs:Virginia]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[ca:Virgínia]] |
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[[Category:Bí-kok ê chiu]] |
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[[ckb:ڤیرجینیا]] |
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[[ |
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Virginia|*]] |
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[[cs:Virginie]] |
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[[cv:Вирджини]] |
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[[cy:Virginia]] |
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[[da:Virginia]] |
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[[de:Virginia]] |
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[[diq:Virginia]] |
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[[el:Βιρτζίνια]] |
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[[en:Virginia]] |
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[[eo:Virginio (ŝtato)]] |
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[[es:Virginia]] |
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[[et:Virginia]] |
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[[eu:Virginia]] |
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[[fa:ویرجینیا]] |
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[[fi:Virginia]] |
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[[fo:Virginia]] |
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[[fr:Virginie]] |
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[[frp:Virginia]] |
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[[frr:Virginia]] |
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[[fy:Firginia]] |
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[[ga:Virginia]] |
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[[gag:Virginia]] |
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[[gd:Bhirginia]] |
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[[gl:Virxinia - Virginia]] |
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[[gn:Virginia]] |
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[[gv:Yn Virjeeney]] |
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[[hak:Vì-kit-nì-â]] |
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[[haw:Wilikinia]] |
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[[he:וירג'יניה]] |
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[[hi:वर्जीनिया]] |
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[[hif:Virginia]] |
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[[hr:Virginia]] |
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[[ht:Vijini]] |
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[[hu:Virginia]] |
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[[hy:Վիրջինիա]] |
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[[ia:Virginia]] |
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[[id:Virginia]] |
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[[ig:Végíníyà]] |
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[[ik:Virginia]] |
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[[ilo:Virginia]] |
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[[io:Virginia]] |
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[[is:Virginía (fylki)]] |
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[[it:Virginia]] |
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[[ja:バージニア州]] |
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[[jv:Virginia]] |
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[[ka:ვირჯინია]] |
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[[kn:ವರ್ಜೀನಿಯ]] |
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[[ko:버지니아 주]] |
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[[ku:Vîrjînya]] |
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[[kw:Virjynni]] |
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[[la:Virginia]] |
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[[lad:Virginia]] |
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[[lb:Virginia]] |
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[[li:Virginia]] |
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[[lij:Virginnia]] |
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[[lmo:Virginia]] |
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[[lt:Virdžinija]] |
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[[lv:Virdžīnija]] |
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[[mg:Virjinia]] |
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[[mi:Virginia]] |
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[[mk:Вирџинија]] |
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[[ml:വിർജീനിയ]] |
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[[mn:Виржини]] |
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[[mr:व्हर्जिनिया]] |
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[[mrj:Виргини]] |
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[[ms:Virginia]] |
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[[my:ဗာဂျီးနီးယားပြည်နယ်]] |
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[[nah:Virginia]] |
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[[nds:Virginia]] |
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[[nds-nl:Virginia (stoat)]] |
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[[nl:Virginia (staat)]] |
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[[nn:Virginia]] |
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[[no:Virginia]] |
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[[nv:Bijíniyah Hahoodzo]] |
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[[oc:Virgínia]] |
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[[os:Вирджини]] |
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[[pam:Virginia]] |
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[[pl:Wirginia]] |
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[[pms:Virginia]] |
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[[pnb:ورجینیا]] |
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[[pt:Virgínia]] |
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[[qu:Virginia suyu]] |
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[[rm:Virginia]] |
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[[ro:Virginia]] |
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[[ru:Виргиния]] |
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[[sa:वर्जिनिया]] |
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[[scn:Virginia]] |
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[[sco:Virginia]] |
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[[se:Virginia]] |
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[[sh:Virginia]] |
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[[simple:Virginia]] |
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[[sk:Virgínia]] |
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[[sl:Virginija]] |
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[[sq:Virginia]] |
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[[sr:Вирџинија]] |
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[[sv:Virginia]] |
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[[sw:Virginia]] |
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[[szl:Wirgińijo]] |
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[[ta:வர்ஜீனியா]] |
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[[te:వర్జీనియా]] |
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[[th:รัฐเวอร์จิเนีย]] |
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[[tl:Virginia (estado)]] |
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[[tr:Virjinya]] |
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[[tt:Виргиния]] |
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[[ug:Wirginiye Shitati]] |
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[[uk:Вірджинія]] |
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[[ur:ورجینیا]] |
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[[uz:Virjiniya]] |
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[[vi:Virginia]] |
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[[vo:Virginia]] |
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[[war:Virginia]] |
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[[xal:Виирҗин]] |
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[[yi:ווירזשיניע]] |
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[[yo:Virginia]] |
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[[zh:弗吉尼亚州]] |
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[[zh-yue:維珍尼亞州]] |
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[[zu:Virginia]] |
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Hiān-chú-sî (2023-nî 10-goe̍h 24-ji̍t (pài-jī) 15:40) ê siu-tēng-pún
| Virginia Kiōng-êng-kok Commonwealth of Virginia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| Chhiok-hō: "Old Dominion", "Mother of Presidents and the Mother of Statesmen" | |||||
|
Piau-gí: Sic semper tyrannis (English: Thus Always to Tyrants)[1] | |||||
 | |||||
| Koan-hong gí-giân | Eng-gí | ||||
| Liû-thong gí-giân |
Eng-gí 85.87%, Se-pan-gâ-gí 6.41% Kî-tha 7.72% | ||||
| Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘ | Virginian | ||||
| Siú-hú | Richmond | ||||
| Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Virginia Beach | ||||
| Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe | Washington tō͘-chhī-khu | ||||
| Bīn-chek | Pâi-miâ tē-35 | ||||
| • Ha̍p-kè |
42,774.2 sq mi (110,785.67 km2) | ||||
| • Tang-sai khoah | 200 lí (320 km) | ||||
| • Lâm-pak khoah | 430 lí (690 km) | ||||
| • % chúi-bīn | 7.4 | ||||
| • Hūi-tō͘ | 36° 32′ N to 39° 28′ N | ||||
| • Keng-tō͘ | 75° 15′ W to 83° 41′ W | ||||
| Jîn-kháu | Pâi-miâ tē-12 | ||||
| • Ha̍p-kè | 8,411,808 (2016 est.)[2] | ||||
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ |
206.7/sq mi (79.8/km2) Pâi-miâ tē-14 | ||||
| • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t | $61,486[3] (tē-14) | ||||
| Koân-tō͘ | |||||
| • Ko-tiám |
Mount Rogers[4][5] 5,729 ft (1746 m) | ||||
| • Pêng-kin | 950 ft (290 m) | ||||
| • Kē-tiám |
Tāi-se-iûⁿ[4] sea level | ||||
| Siat chiu chìn-chêng | Virginia Si̍t-bîn-tē | ||||
| Sin chiu seng-li̍p | 1788 nî 6 goe̍h 25 (10th) | ||||
| Chiu-tiúⁿ | Ralph Northam (D) | ||||
| Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ | Justin Fairfax (D) | ||||
| Li̍p-hoat | Gī-hōe | ||||
| • Siōng-gī-īⁿ | Chham-gī-hōe | ||||
| • Hā-gī-īⁿ | Chiòng-gī-hōe | ||||
| Chham-gī-goân |
Mark Warner (D) Tim Kaine (D) | ||||
| Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu |
7-ê Kiōng-hô-thóng, 4-ê Bîn-chú-thóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ) | ||||
| Sî-khu | Eastern: UTC −5/−4 | ||||
| ISO 3166 | US-VA | ||||
| Kán-siá | VA, Va. | ||||
| Bāng-chām |
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Virginia sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu. Siú-hú sī Richmond. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Virginia Beach.
Tē-lí
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Virginia ê tang-pêng kap pak-pêng sī Washington, D.C. kap Maryland; lâm-pên sī North Carolina; sai-lâm-pêng sī Tennessee; sai-pêng sī Kentucky; pak-pêng kiam sai-pêng sī West Virginia. Lēng-gōa óa tang-pêng ê hái sī Tāi-se-iûⁿ
Le̍k-sú
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Ū khó-kó͘ gián-kiù hoat-àn Pocahontas Island (chi̍t-ê poàn-tó tē-hng) tī Chêng 6500 chiō ū lâng khiā-khí.
Tong Eng-lân khún-hō͘ tī 1607 nî tú lâi-kàu Jamestown ê sî, tī Virgina chúi-chhiâng-sòaⁿ (fall line, chi̍t khoán tē-lí hun-kài) tang-pêng tōa-hūn thó͘-tē lóng sī Algonquin pō͘-cho̍k khòng-chè ê só͘-chāi. In sī liân-ha̍p tī le̍k-sú-ha̍k siōng só͘ kóng ê Powhatan Pang-liân ē-té, he̍k-chiá kóng sī chi̍t-ê "tè-kok". Siú-léng Wahunsunacock tī 16 sè-kí bóe kàu 17 sè-kí chheh cheng-ho̍k kiam liân-ha̍p liáu tāi-khài saⁿ-cha̍p-ê pō͘-lo̍k, che siú-léng hông kiò chò sī Powhatan, i chheng só͘ khòng-chè ê thó͘-tē sī Tenakomakah.
Virginia si̍t-bîn-tē sī 1607 nî Lûn-tun Kong-si (London Company) kiàn-li̍p--ê.[6]
Tāi-eng-kok Kok-hōe tī tùi Hoat-kok kap Ìn-tò͘ ê chiàn-chéng liáu-āu hiòng si̍t-bîn-tē ka-kiông tin-sòe, ín-khí chia só͘-chāi ê put-boán. Tong-sî Patrick Henry kap Richard Henry Lee téng gī-oân chhōa-thâu ê Kong-bîn-hōe (House of Burgesses) chiō sī hoán-tùi sin sòe-kim chè-tō͘--ê. 1773 nî, Virginia lâng khai-sí kap pa̍t chiu cho͘-chit in hêng-tông. 1774 nî in phài tāi-piáu chham-ka Tāi-lio̍k Hōe-gī, tong-nî Kong-bîn-hōe hō͘ ông-ka phài ê chóng-tok kái-sàn, kek-bēng-phài ê thâu-lâng chiō keng-kòe Virgina Tāi-hōe (Virginia Conventions) î-chhî koán-lí. Kàu 1776 nî ê sî, Tāi-hōe soan-pò͘ Virginia tùi Tāi-eng Tè-kok to̍k-li̍p, chhái-ēng George Mason ê Virginia Khoân-lī Soan-giân (Virginia Declaration of Rights). Lēng-gōa chi̍t ūi Virginia lâng Thomas Jefferson āu--lâi koh chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khí-chhó liáu Bí-kok ê To̍k-li̍p Soan-giân.
Lōe-chiàn chìn-chêng, Virginia tû-liáu tī lông-gia̍p siōng, ùi khòng-gia̍p ê lô͘-lē sú-iōng mā tng teh chin-ka. 1800 nî. Hit chūn mā sán-seng lô͘-lē hóng-khòng oa̍h-tāng, pau-koat chhiūⁿ Gabriel Prosser tī 1800 nî, Nat Turner tī 1831 nî, kap John Brow tī 1859 nî, hun-pia̍t niá-chhōa liáu po̍k-tōng sū-kiāⁿ. Kàu 1860 nî ê sî, tāi-khài chiâⁿ pah bān, chiàu beh 31% ê Virginia jîn-kháu sī lô͘-lē.
1861 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t, Virginia tâu-phiò koat-tēng thoat-lî Bí-kok. Kàu 4 goe̍h 24, in ka-ji̍p America Pang-liân-kok, tong-sî Pang-liân siú-hú chiō siat tī Virginia ê Richmond. Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, tī 1870 nî, keng-kòe Kiú-jîn Úi-oân-hōe (Committee of Nine) ê ūn-chok, Virginia chèng-sek tó-tńg Bí-kok.
Virginia chhut-sin ê James Albert Bonsack tī 1880 nî hoat-bêng liáu kńg ta-bá-koh chóa-hun ê ke-khì, niá-chhōa liáu Richmond ê chi̍t kái kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Kàu 1886 nî ê sî, thih-lō͘ si̍t-gia̍p-ka Collis Potter Huntington kiàn-li̍p khí Newport News Shipbuilding chō-chûn-só͘, che kang-tiûⁿ tè-bé tī tâu-jip It-chhù Tāi-chià chêng-āu Bí-kok Hái-kun chiàn-lām ê seng-sán.
1951 nî tī Farmville, Barbara Rose Johns hoat-tōng hoán-khòng chéng-cho̍k keh-lî ha̍k-hāu ê ūn-tōng, ín-khí Davis tùi Prince Edward Kūn ê Kūn Ha̍k-hāu Lí-sū-hōe (Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County) koaⁿ-si. Àn-kiāⁿ tī 1954 nî keng-kòe Brown tùi Kàu-io̍k Lí-sū-hōe (Brown v. Board of Education) àn khak-tēng, kī-choa̍t liáu keh-lî-phài tùi "hûn-lî m̄-koh pêng-téng" ê chú-tiuⁿ. 1960 nî-tāi oa̍h-hiáⁿ ê Kong-bîn Khoân-lī Ūn-tōng, ín-chhōa liáu Bí-kok chē hāng choân-kok-sèng ê hoat-àn. Tī 1964 nî, Bí-kok Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ bēng-lēng Prince Edward Kūn téng tē-hng ài hòe-tû keh-lî-sek ha̍k-hāu.
Keng-chè
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]Virginia tī 2015 nî ê GDP sī 481,084 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.[7] Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng-kang ê sán-gia̍p sī sió-bē-gia̍p.[8]
Chham-khó
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ "Factpack" (PDF). Virginia General Assembly. January 11, 2007. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī October 28, 2008 hőng khó͘-pih. October 14, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. June 22, 2017. June 22, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. December 9, 2016 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. goân-loē-iông tī November 2, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. October 24, 2011 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ↑ Grant, Susan-Mary (2012). A Concise History of the United States of America. Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780521612791.
- ↑ "Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Virginia". FRED. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2016-12-07. 2017-04-03 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Major industries with highest employment, by state, 1990-2015". Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2016-08-05. 2017-03-11 khòaⁿ--ê.
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