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kun

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kun"

Languages (30)

Translingual • English

Bikol Central • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Finnish • Hokkien • Hungarian • Ido • Japanese • Kavalan • Linngithigh • Maltese • Mandarin • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Nupe • Polish • Somali • Southeastern Tepehuan • Sumerian • Tagalog • Unami • Uzbek • Volapük • Wik-Mungkan • Yámana • Yola

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

kun

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Kunama.

See also

Wiktionary's coverage of Kunama terms

English

Etymology

From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).

Noun

kun (uncountable)

In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.
Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".

Related terms

kun-yomi
on

Anagrams

unk.

Bikol Central

Alternative forms

kung
kon, kong

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]

Conjunction

kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

if, unless
Synonym: komo

Kun may dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.
If you're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.

Preposition

kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if
Synonym: pag

Kun mabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.
When the night comes, the stars come out also.

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkun]
Rhymes: -un

Noun

kun

genitive plural of kuna

Danish

Etymology

Older ikkun, a contraction of Old Danish ække uten (“nothing but”), from Old Norse ekki (“not”) and útan (“without, except”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkʰɔn]

Adverb

kun

only

Synonyms

blot, ikkun (obsolete)

Dutch

Alternative forms

kan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʏn/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ʏn

Verb

kun

(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative of kunnen
Kun jij iets doen voor mij?
Can you do something for me?

Usage notes

As is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je follows the verb: je kunt > kun je. The verbs kunnen and zullen are unusual, however, insofar as the resulting form is not identical to the first-person singular. The form kan je is in fact a common alternative, but it is more informal and may even be considered substandard by some.

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian con, Latin cum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kun]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: kun

Preposition

kun

in the company of, with
in addition to
characteristic considered separately from the whole
- 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta:
  Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.
  A word said at the right time is like golden apples with silver skins.

Derived terms

(prefix):

kun-

(adverb):

kune kun

(verbs):

Finnish

Etymology

The singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkun/, [ˈkun]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -un
Hyphenation^(key): kun

Conjunction

kun

when, as, while (temporal: at the same time or instant that)
Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.
I got your message when I was already on my way to the airport.

Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita, kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.
He showed up to give instructions when I had already finished the job.
as soon as, once; expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic -han
Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.
I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.
as, because, since (considering that)
Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.
She lost her job because she was always late.

En voi tulla huomenna, minulla kun on aamuvuoro.
I cannot come tomorrow as I have the morning shift.
Synonym of kunpa

Derived terms

Related terms

kuin
kunnes

Pronoun

kun

(relative, colloquial) that, who, which, where
Synonyms: joka, ken

Täällä on eräs mies, kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies, joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa.]
There's a certain man here who'd like to see the leader.

Kuka se on, kun huutaa? [standard: Kuka se on, ken huutaa?]
Who is that who is shouting?

Further reading

“kun”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 君 (“sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord; lord; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 君).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 軍 (“armed forces; army; troops; corps; army; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 軍).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 均 (“equal; uniform; fair; all; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 均).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 巾 (“a square item of cloth; towel; kerchief; piece of clothing worn on the head in China”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 巾).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight; axe; hatchet; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 根 (“root; base; basis; foundation; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 根).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 筋 (“tendon; sinew; muscle; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 筋).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 跟 (“heel; to follow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 跟).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 鈞 (“ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鈞).

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkun]
Hyphenation: kun
Rhymes: -un

Noun

kun (plural kunok)

Cuman (member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

Inflection (stem in *-o-*, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kunok
accusative	kunt	kunokat
dative	kunnak	kunoknak
instrumental	kunnal	kunokkal
causal-final	kunért	kunokért
translative	kunná	kunokká
terminative	kunig	kunokig
essive-formal	kunként	kunokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kunban	kunokban
superessive	kunon	kunokon
adessive	kunnál	kunoknál
illative	kunba	kunokba
sublative	kunra	kunokra
allative	kunhoz	kunokhoz
elative	kunból	kunokból
delative	kunról	kunokról
ablative	kuntól	kunoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	kuné	kunoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	kunéi	kunokéi

Close

More information possessor, single possession ...

Possessive forms of *kun*
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kunom	kunjaim
2nd person sing.	kunod	kunjaid
3rd person sing.	kunja	kunjai
1st person plural	kununk	kunjaink
2nd person plural	kunotok	kunjaitok
3rd person plural	kunjuk	kunjaik

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Further reading

kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Ido

Preposition

kun

with
Ilu iris kun elu a la parko.
He went with her to the park.

Japanese

Romanization

kun

Rōmaji transcription of くん

Kavalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 裙 (kûn, “skirt”).

Noun

kun

pants; trousers
skirt; sarong

Linngithigh

Adverb

kun

now

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kuːn/

Verb

kun

second-person singular imperative of kien

Mandarin

Romanization

kun

Nonstandard spelling of kūn.
Nonstandard spelling of kǔn.
Nonstandard spelling of kùn.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Noun

kun

Alternative form of kyn

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish kun.

Adverb

kun

only, merely

Synonyms

bare

Nupe

Etymology

Cognate with Gbari knu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kũ̄/

Verb

kun

to be enough; to be sufficient

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkun/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -un
Syllabification: kun

Noun

kun f

genitive plural of kuna

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *kum-.

Numeral

kun

thousand

References

“kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

Southeastern Tepehuan

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kuna.

Noun

kun (third person singular possession kunaaꞌn)

husband

Derived terms

kuntaꞌ

References

R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎ (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115

Sumerian

Romanization

kun

Romanization of 𒆲 (kun)

Tagalog

Alternative forms

cun — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]
Rhymes: -un
Syllabification: kun

Conjunction

kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

Obsolete form of kung.

Preposition

kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

Obsolete form of kung.

Unami

Noun

kun anim

ice, snow (on the ground)

Derived terms

kunapu
kunu

References

Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Uzbek

More information Yangi Imlo, Cyrillic ...

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo	كۇن
Cyrillic	кун‍
Latin	kun‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)	کون

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Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai کون (kūn /⁠kün⁠/, “sun; day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun; day”). Cognate with Uyghur كۈن / kün / күн; Turkmen gün, Azerbaijani / ҝүн / gün, Turkish gün; etc.

Pronunciation

(Uzbekistani standard) IPA^(key): /kʊn/, [k̟ʰʏn]
(Khorazm) IPA^(key): /ɡʊn/
Hyphenation: kun

Noun

kun (plural kunlar)

day
sun

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

Declension of *kun*
	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kunlar
genitive	kunning	kunlarning
dative	kunga	kunlarga
definite accusative	kunni	kunlarni
locative	kunda	kunlarda
ablative	kundan	kunlardan
similative	kundek	kunlardek

Close

More information 1st person singular, singular ...

Possessive forms of *kun*
1^st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	kunim	kunlarim
genitive	kunimning	kunlarimning
dative	kunimga	kunlarimga
definite accusative	kunimni	kunlarimni
locative	kunimda	kunlarimda
ablative	kunimdan	kunlarimdan
similative	kunimdek	kunlarimdek

2^nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	kuning	kunlaring
genitive	kuningning	kunlaringning
dative	kuningga	kunlaringga
definite accusative	kuningni	kunlaringni
locative	kuningda	kunlaringda
ablative	kuningdan	kunlaringdan
similative	kuningdek	kunlaringdek

3^rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	kuni	kunlari
genitive	kunining	kunlarining
dative	kuniga	kunlariga
definite accusative	kunini	kunlarini
locative	kunida	kunlarida
ablative	kunidan	kunlaridan
similative	kunidek	kunlaridek

1^st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	kunimiz	kunlarimiz
genitive	kunimizning	kunlarimizning
dative	kunimizga	kunlarimizga
definite accusative	kunimizni	kunlarimizni
locative	kunimizda	kunlarimizda
ablative	kunimizdan	kunlarimizdan
similative	kunimizdek	kunlarimizdek

2^nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	kuningiz	kunlaringiz
genitive	kuningizning	kunlaringizning
dative	kuningizga	kunlaringizga
definite accusative	kuningizni	kunlaringizni
locative	kuningizda	kunlaringizda
ablative	kuningizdan	kunlaringizdan
similative	kuningizdek	kunlaringizdek

3^rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	kuni	kunlari
genitive	kunining	kunlarining
dative	kuniga	kunlariga
definite accusative	kunini	kunlarini
locative	kunida	kunlarida
ablative	kunidan	kunlaridan
similative	kunidek	kunlaridek

Close

Volapük

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kun]

Noun

kun (nominative plural kuns)

cow
- 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:
  Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel e kunis deg.
  This farmer owns two horses and ten cows.

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

Declension of *kun*
	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kuns
genitive	kuna	kunas
dative	kune	kunes
accusative	kuni	kunis
vocative ¹	o kun!	o kuns!
predicative ²	kunu	kunus

Close

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms

jibub

Antonyms

hibub
tor

Derived terms

kunül (“cow calf, female calf”)

Related terms

bub
veter

Wik-Mungkan

Noun

kun

excrement, faeces, shit

Synonyms

kaka

Yámana

Noun

kun

oil

Yola

Etymology

Borrowed from Irish cun (“stoutness, thickness”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʊn/

Noun

kun

A masculine, forward woman, a brazen face.

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51

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