cha - Wikiwand

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cha"

Translingual

Symbol

cha

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Chamorro.

English

Etymology 1

From Chinese 茶 (chá), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la, via two routes: in some cases from Hindustani चा (cā) / چا (cā) (a variant of the same root, from Persian , which led to chai), from Northern Chinese; in other cases from 茶 (chá) /t͡sʰɑː²¹/, the pronunciation found in Canton (Guangzhou), where the British bought much of their tea in the 19th century. Doublet of tea, which is from the Amoy Min Nan pronunciation tê.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑː/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

cha (uncountable)

tea, sometimes (dialect) specifically masala chai
Would you like a cup of cha?
- 1934 August 4, George Herriman, Krazy Kat, Saturday, comic strip, →ISBN, page 206:
  [Krazy Kat, bringing a full tray:] Look, folkses – hot dogs, hot cha, hot peppa pots, hot timollies – hot kuffy. ^[sic]

Synonyms

Derived terms

chasericulture

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation spelling of you, especially when preceded by a t sound.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʌ/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ʌ

Pronoun

cha

(dialectal, nonstandard) You.
- 1976, Flying Magazine, page 34:
  You mean you can't fly after you've had a few beers? You can drive, can't cha?
- 2005, Busta Rhymes, CeeLo Green (lyrics and music), “Don't Cha”, performed by Pussycat Dolls:
  Don't cha wish your girlfriend was a freak like me?
- 2008, Barbara L. Jent, The Weddin' Day, Barbara Jent, →ISBN, page 157:
  “You'll be ridin' with us, won't cha, Josh?”

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From cha-cha (q.v.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑː/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː

Particle

cha

(dance) Used to count out steps, particularly involving the hip-shaking sections of rhythmic Latin dances
One–two–cha–cha–cha
Three–four–cha–cha–cha

Derived terms

ha-cha-cha

Etymology 4

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 자 (ja).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑː/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

cha (plural chas or cha)

(Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

Anagrams

ACH, CAH, HAC, HCA, ach, cah

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

cheemen, cheme, cho, chomu, choo, chéeme

Etymology

From Old High German kweman, chuman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną. Cognate with German kommen, Dutch komen, English come, Icelandic koma, Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman).

Verb

cha

(Uri) to come

Conjugation

More information infinitive, past participle ...

		singular			plural
infinitive		cha
past participle		cha
		1^st person ich, i	2^nd person du	3^rd person er/si/es	1^st person mir	2^nd person ir	3^rd person si
indicative	present	chuume	chunsch	chunt	chemme	chemmet	chemme

subjunctive	present	chemm, chemmi	chemmesch	chemm, chemmi	chemme	chemmet	chemme
subjunctive	past	chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi	chëmesch, chëmtesch, chiemesch	chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi	chëme, chëmte, chieme	chëmet, chëmtet, chieme	chëme, chëmte, chieme

imperative	affirmative	—	chu	—	—	chemmet	—

conjugation of cha – Urner dialect

Derived terms

ubercha

References

Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 86.

Atong (India)

Alternative forms

char

Etymology

From Hindi चार (cār).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ɕa/

Numeral

cha (Bengali script চা)

four

Synonyms

byryi
por

References

van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 3.

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ha(ː)/^[1]

Particle

cha (Triggers lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p, s. Triggers eclipsis of d, t.)

(Ulster) not
Cha phósann sí é.
She will not marry him.

Cha dtugaim.
I do not give, I will not give.

Usage notes

Used only in some varieties of Ulster Irish. Not used with the future tense; a future meaning can be conveyed by using it with the present tense.

Synonyms

ní (used in Munster Irish, Connacht Irish, and some varieties of Ulster Irish)

Related terms

chan (used before vowel sounds)
char (used before the past tense)

References

[1]
Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 178, page 68

Japanese

Romanization

cha

The hiragana syllable ちゃ (cha) or the katakana syllable チャ (cha) in Hepburn romanization.

Kapampangan

Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa⁴ rather than Hokkien tê.

Noun

cha

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xa/

Noun

cha m inan

The name of the Latin-script letter ch/Ch.

Mandarin

Romanization

cha

Nonstandard spelling of chā.
Nonstandard spelling of chá.
Nonstandard spelling of chǎ.
Nonstandard spelling of chà.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con. Compare Irish ní, cha, Scottish Gaelic cha.

Particle

cha

not
Cha bee'n poosey ayn. ― The marriage will not take place.

Cha vel blass er. ― It has no taste.

Usage notes

Used with the dependent form of a verb. With the copula, the verb may be suppressed.
Becomes chan before a vowel.

Etymology 2

Adverb

cha

Alternative form of cho

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Navajo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑ̀]

Noun

cha

crying, weeping

Pacoh

Etymology

From Proto-Katuic *caa, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [caː]

Verb

cha

to eat

Affixed forms

pacha ("to feed")
tanna ("food")

Pali

**Pali cardinal numbers**
< 5	6	7 >
Cardinal : cha Ordinal : chaṭṭha

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

𑀙 (Brahmi script)
छ (Devanagari script)
ছ (Bengali script)
ඡ (Sinhalese script)
ဆ or ꧡ (Burmese script)
ฉ or ฉะ (Thai script)
ᨨ (Tai Tham script)
ຉ or ຉະ (Lao script)
ឆ (Khmer script)
𑄍 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Possibly from Sanskrit *ट्षष् (ṭṣaṣ), variant of षष् (ṣaṣ);^[1] see there for further etymology.

Numeral

cha

six^[2]

Declension

Optionally indeclinable.

More information Case \ Number, Plural ...

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	cha
Accusative (second)	cha
Instrumental (third)	chahi
Dative (fourth)	channaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	chahi
Genitive (sixth)	channaṃ
Locative (seventh)	chasu

Declension table of "cha"

References

[1]
Rothstein-Dowden, Z. (2021). On the numeral cha '6' in Middle and New Indo-Aryan. East Coast Indo-European Conference XL.
[2]
Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “cha”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Pipil

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃa/

Verb

-cha

Clipping of -chiwa.

Romansch

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

cha

(Puter, Vallader) that

Alternative forms

Pronoun

cha

(Puter, Vallader) who, whom

Alternative forms

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish nochan, from Old Irish nícon, from ní (“not”) + con (“toward”). Cognates include Irish cha and Manx cha.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xa/
Hyphenation: cha

Particle

cha

Used together with a dependent form of a verb to form the negative: not
Cha robh bean aig Iain. ― Ian didn't have a wife.

Usage notes

Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.

Verb

cha

Negative forms of the copula: is not
Cha mhise m’ athair. ― I am not my father.

Cha bhòrd bòrd gun aran ach ’s bòrd aran leis fhèin. ― A table without bread is no table but bread is a table by itself.

Cha toigh leam càise. ― I don't like cheese.

Usage notes

Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.
Does not lenite pronouns except for mi, mise.

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...

		singular			plural
		first	second	third m/f	first	second	third
independent	present	is mi	is tu	is e/i	is sinn	is sibh	is iad
	past	bu mhi	bu tu	b' e/i	bu sinn	bu sibh	b' iad
	conditional	bu mhi	bu tu	b' e/i	bu sinn	bu sibh	b' iad
negative	present	cha mhi	cha tu	chan e/i	cha sinn	cha sibh	chan iad
	past	cha bu mhi	cha bu tu	cha b' e/i	cha bu sinn	cha bu sibh	cha b' iad
	conditional	cha bu mhi	cha bu tu	cha b' e/i	cha bu sinn	cha bu sibh	cha b' iad
affirmative interrogative	present	am mi?	an tu?	an e/i?	an sinn?	an sibh?	an iad?
	past	am bu mhi?	am bu tu?	am b' e/i?	am bu sinn?	am bu sibh?	am b' iad?
	conditional	am bu mhi?	am bu tu?	am b' e/i?	am bu sinn?	am bu sibh?	am b' iad?
Negative interrogative	present	nach mi?	nach tu?	nach e/i?	nach sinn?	nach sibh?	nach iad?
	past	nach bu mhi?	nach bu tu?	nach b' e/i?	nach bu sinn?	nach bu sibh?	nach b' iad?
	conditional	nach bu mhi?	nach bu tu?	nach b' e/i?	nach bu sinn?	nach bu sibh?	nach b' iad?

Conjugation of is (highly irregular, defective)

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “nícon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Colin Mark (2003) “cha”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 129

Spanish

Alternative forms

chá

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese chá, from Macanese Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴). Compare Tagalog tsa, Cebuano tsa. Doublet of té.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃa/ [ˈt͡ʃa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: cha

Noun

cha m (plural chas)

(Philippines, historical) tea
Synonym: té

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

Verb

-cha (infinitive kucha)

to dawn, (of the sun) to rise
Antonym: -chwa
to fear, be afraid

Usage notes

In Standard Swahili, the sense "to fear" is used of reverential fear, generally fearing God. However, in the Mombasa dialect, it is used as a synonym of -ogopa.

Conjugation

More information Conjugation of, Positive present ...

Conjugation of -cha

Positive present	-nakucha
Subjunctive	-che
Negative	-chi
Imperative singular	kucha

Infinitives

Positive	kucha
Negative	kutokucha

Imperatives

Singular	kucha
Plural	kucheni

Tensed forms

Habitual	hucha
Positive past	positive subject concord + -likucha
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kucha

Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakucha)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninakucha/nakucha	tunakucha
2nd person		unakucha	mnakucha
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anakucha	wanakucha
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -nakucha

Negative present (negative subject concord + -chi)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		sichi	hatuchi
2nd person		huchi	hamchi
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	hachi	hawachi
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -chi

Positive future	positive subject concord + -takucha
Negative future	negative subject concord + -takucha

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -che)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		niche	tuche
2nd person		uche	mche
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	ache	wache
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -che

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -siche
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngekucha
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singekucha
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngalikucha
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singalikucha

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -acha)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nacha	twacha
2nd person		wacha	mwacha
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	acha	wacha
	m-mi_(III/IV)	wacha	yacha
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lacha	yacha
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	chacha	vyacha
	n_(IX/X)	yacha	zacha
	u_(XI)	wacha	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwacha
	pa_(XVI)	pacha
	mu_(XVIII)	mwacha

Perfect	positive subject concord + -mekucha
"Already"	positive subject concord + -meshakucha
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jacha
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kicha
"If not"	positive subject concord + -sipokucha
Consecutive	kacha / positive subject concord + -kacha
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -kache

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nicha	-tucha
2nd person		-kucha	-wacha/-kucheni/-wacheni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mcha	-wacha
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-ucha	-icha
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-licha	-yacha
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kicha	-vicha
	n_(IX/X)	-icha	-zicha
	u_(XI)	-ucha	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kucha
	pa_(XVI)	-pacha
	mu_(XVIII)	-mucha
Reflexive		-jicha

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -cha- + relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-chaye	-chao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-chao	-chayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-chalo	-chayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chacho	-chavyo
n_(IX/X)	-chayo	-chazo
u_(XI)	-chao	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-chako
pa_(XVI)	-chapo
mu_(XVIII)	-chamo

Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kucha)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yekucha	-okucha
m-mi_(III/IV)	-okucha	-yokucha
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lokucha	-yokucha
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chokucha	-vyokucha
n_(IX/X)	-yokucha	-zokucha
u_(XI)	-okucha	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-kokucha
pa_(XVI)	-pokucha
mu_(XVIII)	-mokucha

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -chea
- Causative: -chesha
- Passive: -chewa

Nominal derivations:
- mcha

Etymology 2

More information Other scripts, Ajami ...

Other scripts
Ajami	گَـ

Particle

cha

Ki class inflected form of -a.

Swazi

Interjection

cha

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃa/ [ˈt͡ʃa]
- IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ˈtsa/ [ˈt͡sa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: cha

Noun

cha (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ)

Alternative form of tsa

Etymology 2

From fast pronunciation spelling of tihaya.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃaʔ/ [ˈt͡ʃaʔ]
- IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ˈtsaʔ/ [ˈt͡saʔ]
Rhymes: -aʔ
Syllabification: cha

Adjective

châ (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ) (card games, dated, slang)

face-up (in playing cards)
Synonym: tihaya

Antonyms: chub, taob

Alternative forms

chaya, tsaya

Vietnamese

Etymology

Compare Limchowese 吒 (zaa1, “father”).

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕaː˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕaː˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [caː˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file)
Audio (Saigon): (file)

Noun

cha • (乍, 吒, 𤕔)

(dated or literary or Catholicism) a father
(Southern Vietnam, humorous) a dude
Synonyms: bố, cha nội

Thôi dẹp đi cha!
Stop it, dude!

Pronoun

cha

(dated or literary) I/me, your father
(dated or literary) you, my father
(Catholicism) you, father

Derived terms

Welsh

Verb

cha

Aspirate mutation of ca.

Mutation

More information radical, soft ...

Mutated forms of ca
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ca	ga	ngha	cha

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Western Apache

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tʃa]

Noun

cha

beaver

Woleaian

Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *caa, from Proto-Oceanic *draʀaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

Noun

cha

blood

Verb

cha

(stative) red
(stative) bloody, bleeding

Ye'kwana

More information ALIV, Brazilian standard ...

Variant orthographies
ALIV	cha
Brazilian standard	cha
New Tribes	cha

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ʃa]

Particle

cha

Allomorph of ka (interrogative particle) used after words that end in i.

Zacatepec Chatino

Adjective

cha

sharp

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǀʰá/

Interjection

cha

no
Synonym: qha

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cha (2)”

Wikiwand in your browser!

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.

Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.

Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.

Wikiwand for Chrome

Wikiwand for Edge

Wikiwand for Firefox

Translingual

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Particle

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Anagrams

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Atong (India)

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

Synonyms

References

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Particle

Usage notes

Synonyms

Related terms

References

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

Kapampangan

Etymology

Noun

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Mandarin

Romanization

Usage notes

Manx

Etymology 1

Particle

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Adverb

References

Navajo

Pronunciation

Noun

Pacoh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Affixed forms

Pali

Alternative forms

Etymology

Numeral

Declension

References

Pipil

Pronunciation