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も
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Japanese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 毛 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
- The hiragana syllable も (mo). Its equivalent in katakana is モ (mo). It is the thirty-fifth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ま行お段 (ma-gyō o-dan, “row ma, section o”).
See also
Etymology 2
⟨mo2⟩ → */mə/ → /mo/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mə.
Particle
- (non-unique topic marker)
- Antonym: は
- too; also; as well
- 田中さんはビールを飲んでいる。スミスさんも飲んでいる。
- Tanaka-san wa bīru o nondeiru. Sumisu-san mo nondeiru.
- Tanaka is drinking beer. Smith is also drinking.
- 本日もご来店くださいまして、ありがとうございます。
- Honjitsu mo go-raiten kudasaimashite, arigatō gozaimasu.
- Thank you for visiting our store today as well [as other days].
- 私にもくれた。
- Watashi ni mo kureta.
- [She] gave some to me, too.
- 田中さんはビールを飲んでいる。スミスさんも飲んでいる。
- even
- 夢にも思いませんでした。
- Yume ni mo omoimasen deshita.
- I have never thought of this even in my dreams.
- 500 円もあれば買える。
- Gohyaku en mo areba kaeru.
- I only need 500 yen to buy this.
- (literally, “I can buy this even if I have only 500 yen.”)
- 猿も木から落ちる
- saru mo ki kara ochiru
- Even experts occasionally make mistakes.
- (literally, “Even monkeys fall from trees”)
- 夢にも思いませんでした。
- (attaching to an indefinite pronoun or determiner) all; every
- Used to emphasize amounts.
Usage notes
- も (mo) vs は (wa):
- も indicates the topic is “non-unique”, i.e., the result or conclusion remains the same even if the current topic is changed.
- 今日もいい天気。
- Kyō mo ii tenki.
- Nice weather today. (implying something like “the weather was also nice yesterday/the weather is fine as usual”.)
- 今日もいい天気。
- は indicates the topic is “unique”, i.e., the result or conclusion will be different if the current topic is changed.
- 今日はいい天気。
- Kyō wa ii tenki.
- Nice weather today. (implying something like “the weather was bad yesterday/the weather has been bad recently”.)
- 今日はいい天気。
- も indicates the topic is “non-unique”, i.e., the result or conclusion remains the same even if the current topic is changed.
- も (mo) always replaces を (o) and が (ga), but may follow other particles.
- When after a verb, the verb is conjugated as て (-te) in conventional language and as the dictionary form in literary language: しても (shite mo), するも (suru mo).
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Readings of various kanji.
Noun
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Old Japanese
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