Abdul Manan

Title
Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and

Different Approaches to Alleviate
Its Adverse Effects
Presented To:
Sir Asad Bukhari Sb
Presented By:
Abdul Manan
Roll No 34 E-B
2020-2024
Authors
Mahmoud F. Seleiman,1,2,* Nasser Al-Suhaibani,1 Nawab

Ali,3,4 Mohammad Akmal,3 Majed Alotaibi,1 Yahya Refay,1
Turgay Dindaroglu,5 Hafiz Haleem Abdul-Wajid,1 and
Martin Leonardo Battaglia6
Publishd
date
Published online 2021 Jan 28
Introduction
Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses during

growth and development under natural and agricultural
conditions. Among these, drought is one the most severe
environmental stresses affecting plant productivity. About 80–95%
of the fresh biomass of the plant body is comprised of water, which
plays a vital role in various physiological processes including many
aspects of plant growth, development, and metabolism. As a result,
some consider drought as the main environmental stress for
different plants, particularly in drought prone areas, the single
most critical threat to world food security in the future and the
catalyst of important famines in the past
Causes of Drought
Stress in Plants
Global climate change is expected to accelerate in the future because of

the continuous rising of air temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels that
ultimately alters the rainfall patterns and its distribution. Although
deficient water input from rainfall is usually the main driver for drought
stress, the loss of water from soils through evaporation, which is driven by
high temperature events, high light intensity and dry wind, can further
aggravate an existing drought stress event. Global climate change typically
results in prevalent drought stress conditions over vast areas at a global
scale. Alongside drought, salinity stress is also considered a primary
cause of water deficit in plants. Certain factors responsible for drought
stress are briefly highlighted.
Effect of Drought
Stress on Plants
Depending on the dynamics in the environmental conditions, plants could face
various stresses that may severely affect their growth and development.
Certain metabolic changes and gene expressions occur to enable the plants to
survive under these circumstances. Grain quality and yield could be greatly
affected by drought stress, known as the most limiting stress in agriculture.
Thus, investigating the plants’ ability to cope with water limitation is of great
value and should continue to receive attention in the near future, especially in
arid and semi-arid environments. Currently, major staple crops are being
intensively studied to identify the drought-responsive mechanisms to harvest
maximum grain yields and quality, but future work should focus on the
combined effect of both heat and drought stress impacts at the reproductive
stages of main grain crops
Plant Responses to
Drought Stress
Different adaptive mechanisms that make plants more tolerant to the

adverse effects of drought stress have been developed through evolution.
Stress avoidance, escape and tolerance are the three main survival
strategies that plants utilize when exposed to drought stress. Thus, plants
responses to drought stress vary from the molecular up to plant level. The
mechanisms of plant escape, avoidance and tolerance against drought stress
are discussed in the following sections
Approaches to Alleviate the Adverse
Effects of Drought Stress
Use of best management practices related to sowing time, plant population,

plant genotype, and soil and nutrient management can help to reduce grain
yield losses in field crops subjected to drought stress. However, use of
transgenic plants with drought-tolerant events is perhaps the drought stress
mitigation approach most heavily publicized and the one receiving more
attention at present. Several efforts like breeding, molecular and genomic
approaches are being undertaken to develop drought-tolerant plants
through usual conventional breeding methods, with the focus to improve
water extraction efficiency, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and
osmotic adjustments, among others
Drought-Resistance
Induction
Plants adopt various approaches and strategies to alleviate the adverse

effects of drought stress. Agriculturists are also using various strategies for
drought stress tolerance, among which the application of exogenous
regulators, chemicals, synthetic hormones and compounds are of great
value to increase drought resistance at different plant growth stages
Conclusions
Under recent climatic changes, both the biotic and abiotic stresses are a
serious threat for global food security and plant production sustainability.
Among the abiotic stresses, drought stress is gaining attention due to its
adverse effect on plant growth and development and significant reduction in
plant yield and biomass causing global food insecurity. Drought stress affects
plants through the life cycle i.e., from germination till maturity. Certain
physiological, metabolic and biochemical processes are affected by drought
stress that hampers plant productivity

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Abdul Manan

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Title

Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and

Sir Asad Bukhari Sb

Mahmoud F. Seleiman,1,2,* Nasser Al-Suhaibani,1 Nawab

Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses during

Global climate change is expected to accelerate in the future because of

Different adaptive mechanisms that make plants more tolerant to the

Use of best management practices related to sowing time, plant population,

Plants adopt various approaches and strategies to alleviate the adverse

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