Drought Stress in Plants

Drought Stress
in Legumes
Presented by
Parul Verma
Roll no . :-2655136
INTRODUCTION
 Climate change ,food shortage ,water scarcity ,and
population growth are some of the challenges being
faced in today’s world.
 Drought stress posses a constant challenge for
agricultural crop . .
 Fraction of world arable land subject to drought is
26% .
 Legumes demonstrate high senstivity to DS ,
especially at vegetative and reproductive stages
OBJECTIVE
 Improving crop yield under water stress is the
goal of agricultural researchers worldwide .
Scarcity of water is a severe environmental
constraint to plant productivity .
 Sustainable crop production under unpredictable
environment condition is the most important
objective of researchers , breeders and
policymakers
EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON LEGUMES
TOLERANCE MECHANISM
1. Drought escape
2. Drought avoidance
3. Drought tolerance
CONT.
4. Solute accumulation
During drought stress , proline plays an important
role and act as a signalling compound to regulate
mitochondria function and affect cell
proliferation by means of activating particular
genes , which are essential for stress discovery.
CONT.
5. Antioxidant Defense
CONT.
6.HORMONE REGULATION :-
# The concentration of gibberellins ,cytokinin and auxin
decline under water deficit while ethynene and ABA tend to
increase in plants.
# ABA also increase the production of super oxide radicals
and enhancing the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes such as
GR
#Jasmonic acid is also essential to mitigate to DS. In soya
bean ,methyl jasmonate enhances drought tolerance and
improve plant growth.
METHEDOLOGY/DEVELOPMENT OF
DS TOLERANT LEGUMES USING
MOLECULAR AND BIO-
TECHNOLOGICAL
1. Breeding Approach :-
APPROACHES
* Conventional breeding is useful approach.
* Mass screening of Legumes for drought resistance can be used.
* Water use efficiency , root growth , carbon isotope
discrimination and leaf temperature can be beneficial in
screening legumes genotype
* Inter specific crosses have been undertaken in many grain
legumes with variable success. For example, Phaseolus vulgaris
can be crossed with it’s wild relative Phaseolus acutifolius which
has a higher osmotic adjustment then the former.
2. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for drought
tolerance :-
• Genome based approaches are valuable in finding
desirable alleles, different QTLs having the
potential to affect desired responses.
• Physiological and morphological traits,
influencing the drought tolerance mechanism, are
inherited. Therefore, identification of OTLs
related to drought tolerance is one of the most
promising approaches using marker assistant
selection.
3. Bio-technology and functional genomics :-
• Legumes plant that were engineered based on

single gene transformation which encoding
enzymes in the modification of membrane lipids
and bio synthesis of osmoprotectants and late
embryogenesis proteins.
• Introduction of osmoregulatory P5CSF129A gene
into a chick pea genotype has been reported and
increase in proline synthesis.
OMICS-BASED APPROACHES
OMICS based technology has been
used to find out the desired trait gene
and there specific function.
CRISPR/CAS9:POWERFUL TOOL FOR GENOME EDITING (GE)
Researchers first successfully achieved

CRISPR/CAS9- mediated GE in soybean. They
studied the efficiency of sg RNA in hairy roots.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH PERSPEECTIVE
 In the days of global warming , the effect of drought stress on

crop productivity is expected to increase
 The crop plants have evolved certain resistance mechanism
against drought stress
 Only conventional breeding is not sufficient in development of
drought tolerant variety .
 Non conventional approaches i.e. molecular breeding can play a
significant role in the sphere of abiotic stress mainly drought
tolerance
 genomic regions carrying drought tolerant gene can contribute
for abiotic stress tolerance
REFERENCES
 1. Xu J., Yuan Y., Xu Y., Zhang G., Guo X., Wu F., Wang Q., Rong T., Pan G., Cao M.,
et al. Identification of candidate genes for drought tolerance by whole-genome
resequencing in maize. BMC Plant Biol. 2014;14:83. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-83. [
PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
 2. Negrão S., Schmöckel S.M., Tester M. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to
salinity stress. Ann. Bot. 2017;119:1–11. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcw191. [PMC free article] [
PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
 3. Nadeem M., Li J., Wang M., Shah L., Lu S., Wang X., Ma C. Unraveling field crops
sensitivity to heat stress: Mechanisms, approaches, and future
prospects. Agronomy. 2018;8:128. doi: 10.3390/agronomy8070128. [CrossRef] [
Google Scholar]
 4. Nadeem M., Li J., Yahya M., Wang M., Ali A., Cheng A., Wang X., Ma C. Grain
legumes and fear of salt stress: Focus on mechanisms and management strategies. Int. J.
Mol. Sci. 2019;20:799. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040799. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [
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Unraveling the signaling networks. Front. Plant Sci. 2014;5:151. doi:
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Drought Stress

• Legumes plant that were engineered based on

Researchers first successfully achieved

 In the days of global warming , the effect of drought stress on

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