Industrial Biochemistry

Industrial Synthesis of Starch
from Potato
Presented To: Dr. Muddassar Zafar
Group 6
Maria Mansha 20021560-059
Ayesha Wlayat 20021560-061
Mehroz Gul 20021560-063
Tatheer Zahra 20021560-065
Abiha Javed 20021560-067
Maria Mansha
20021560-059
Starch
 White granular organic chemical produced by
all plants.
 Commercial starch made from maize, wheat
and potato.
 Our body digest starch to make glucose, which
is a vital energy source for every cell. Food
companies used starch to thicken processed
foods, and to make sweeteners.
Potato Starch
 Potato starch is a natural carbohydrate, a polysaccharide
found abundantly in potatoes.
 It's a white, odorless, and tasteless powder with a slightly
crystalline structure.
 Potato starch is starch extracted from potato. The cells of the
root tubers of the potato plant contain leucoplasts (starch
grains). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed, and
the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The
starch is then left to settle out of solution or separated
by hydro cyclones, then dried to powder.
 Renowned for its thickening and gelling properties, it plays a
vital role in various industries.
Significance
Potato starch boasts a diverse range of applications across

numerous industries:
 Food Industry: Thickening agent in sauces, soups, and
baked goods.
 Paper Industry: Binder for paper and cardboard
production.
 Textile Industry: Sizing agent for fabrics to improve
texture and strength.
 Adhesive Industry: Base for biodegradable adhesives.
 Pharmaceutical Industry: Excipient in tablet
formulations.
Ayesha wlayat
20021560-061
Figure: Main stages of starch extraction from potato

Step 1:Harvesting
 Harvesting is typically done when the potatoes are mature and dry.
 Mechanical Harvesting: Potatoes are dug up using specialized equipment
such as potato diggers or harvesters. These machines lift the potatoes from the
soil and collect them in a storage tank or container.
 Manual Harvesting: Potatoes are dug up by hand using tools such as forks or
spades. This method is often used for smaller-scale potato farming or in areas
where mechanical harvesting is not feasible.
 Sorting: After harvesting, potatoes are sorted to remove any debris, rocks, or
damaged potatoes. This is done to prevent damage to equipment and ensure
only healthy potatoes are processed.
Step 2: Washing
 Pre-Washing: Potatoes are pre-washed to remove any loose dirt or debris.

This is done using high-pressure water jets or soaking in water tanks.
 Soaking: Potatoes are soaked in water tanks to loosen any remaining dirt or
debris.
 Washing: Potatoes are washed using high-pressure water jets or brushes to
remove any remaining dirt, rocks, or other contaminants.
 Rinsing: Potatoes are rinsed with clean water to remove any remaining dirt or
soap residue.
 Grading: After washing, potatoes are graded according to size, shape, and
quality. This is done to ensure only high-quality potatoes are processed.
Mehroz Gull
20021560-063
Step 3: Grinding
Grinding is the initial step in the industrial synthesis of starch from potatoes.
 Purpose: Break down the potato into smaller particles to facilitate subsequent
processing.
 Method: Potatoes are washed, peeled, and then ground using specialized
machinery.
 Importance: Proper grinding ensures efficient extraction of starch in the

subsequent steps.
Step 4: Extraction
 Introduction: Synthesis of starch involves converting the potato slurry into

starch-rich material.
 Enzymatic Treatment: Enzymes are added to the potato slurry to break down
complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
 Temperature and pH Control: Optimal conditions of temperature and pH are
maintained to facilitate enzymatic activity.
 Duration: The process typically takes several hours to complete, allowing
enzymes sufficient time to catalyze the reactions.
Step 5: Purification
 The starch suspension is purified to remove impurities such as proteins, fibers,

and other contaminants.
 Introduction: Extraction is the final step in obtaining purified starch from the
potato slurry.
 Separation: The slurry is passed through screens to remove insoluble
particles, leaving behind a starch-rich suspension.
 Washing: The starch suspension undergoes multiple wash cycles to remove
impurities and residual enzymes.
 Drying: The purified starch is dried to reduce moisture content, resulting in
the final product suitable for various industrial applications.
Tatheer Zahra
20021560-065
Step 6: Drying
 Drying is a crucial step in starch synthesis from potatoes, aimed at
removing excess moisture from the starch suspension to produce a dry,
powdery starch product.
 This process is essential to:
 1. Prevent microbial growth and spoilage
 2. Enhance storage stability
 3. Improve handling and transportation efficiency
 4. Facilitate packaging and marketing
 The drying process involves controlling temperature (40-60°C), air
flow, and humidity (5-10%) to efficiently evaporate water and prevent
moisture re-absorption. Drying time varies depending on the method,
ranging from a few hours to several days, to produce a high-quality
starch product
Starch Modification
 Chemical Modification: This involves introducing new functional groups to
the starch molecules. Common methods include esterification, etherification,
and oxidation. These processes improve starch properties such as solubility,
stability, and viscosity. For example, oxidized starch is more stable in acidic
conditions and is used in food and paper industries.
 Physical Modification: Techniques such as heat-moisture treatment,
annealing, and extrusion are employed to change the physical properties of
starch without altering its chemical structure. These methods enhance the
starch's thermal stability and gelatinization properties, making it suitable for
applications in food processing and biodegradable plastics.
 Enzymatic Modification: Specific enzymes like amylases and glucosidases
modify starch by breaking down or rearranging its molecules. This method is
highly specific and can produce starches with tailored properties, such as
improved digestibility or unique textures, beneficial in food and beverage
industries.
Benefits of synthesis of starch from potato
 Cost-Effective Raw Material: Potatoes are an inexpensive and abundant

source for starch production.
 High Yield: Potatoes provide a high starch content per unit, making the
process efficient.
 Biodegradability:Potato starch is environmentally friendly and
biodegradable.
 Versatile Applications: It is used in various industries, including food,
pharmaceuticals, and biodegradable plastics.
 Consistent Quality: Industrial synthesis ensures a uniform and high-quality
starch product.
Abiha Javed
20021560-067
Production Cost:
The industrial cost of potato starch production can be influenced by several
factors:
 Raw material: The cost of potatoes, which can vary based on region, season,
and market conditions.
 Processing costs: Energy for operating machinery, water usage and chemicals
for processing contribute to these costs.
 Labor costs: Wages and salaries for workers.
 Overhead costs: Include expenses like plant maintenance, insurance and
administrative costs.
37,500 labor cost
18%
Monthly cost estimate in raw material
29,250
Pakistan industry is 214,250 PKR 112,500 processing
14%
52% overhead
35,000
16%
Challenges:
1. Energy efficiency: High energy input require for drying and processing
stages. To improve this energy efficient equipment and heat recovery system
can be used.
2. Water usage: Large volumes of water needed for extraction and purification.
Implement water recycling and reuse strategies can help in minimize the water
consumption.
3. Waste Management: Production generates waste such as potato pulp,
wastewater, and process residues. To address this, we can develop value-added
products from waste (e.g., biogas).
4. Process Optimization: For improvement, optimize process parameters and
also integrate new technologies to enhance yield, quality, and cost-
effectiveness.
5. Cost Variability: Prices of potatoes can vary seasonally, impacting production
costs. Strategies must be developed to manage cost fluctuations and ensure
economic viability.
Conclusion:
 The industrial synthesis of potato starch is a vital and sustainable process that
provides a versatile raw material i.e. starch for various industries.
 Potato starch have excellent thickening properties, and numerous applications,
it is essential in various products.
 The process involves harvesting, washing, grinding, extraction, purification,
and drying, ensuring a consistent supply of high-quality starch.
 Despite challenges in energy efficiency, water usage, and waste management,
ongoing research and technological advancements improve the sustainability
and viability of this process.

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Industrial Synthesis of Starch

Potato starch boasts a diverse range of applications across

Figure: Main stages of starch extraction from potato

 Pre-Washing: Potatoes are pre-washed to remove any loose dirt or debris.

 Importance: Proper grinding ensures efficient extraction of starch in the

 Introduction: Synthesis of starch involves converting the potato slurry into

 The starch suspension is purified to remove impurities such as proteins, fibers,

 Cost-Effective Raw Material: Potatoes are an inexpensive and abundant

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