Cern

CERN PROJECT
Presented By:
12. Muhammad Jawad Ismaeel
40. Talha Khan
Group – B3
2 CERN
 The European Organization for Nuclear
Research, known as CERN (French
pronunciation: Conseil européen pour la
Recherche nucléaire).
 It is an intergovernmental organization that
operates the largest particle physics laboratory
in the world.
 Established in 1954, it is based in Meyrin,
western suburb of Geneva, on the France–
Switzerland border. It comprises 23 member
states.
 In 2016, CERN generated 49 petabytes of data.
• Founded in 1954 by 12 European countries
• Today: 20 member states.
3 Introduction
• The world's largest

Particle Physics
Research Center in
Geneva.
• Physicists and
engineers are probing
the fundamental
structure of the
universe.
4 Mission
At CERN, our work helps to uncover what the universe is made of and how it works. We do this by
providing a unique range of particle accelerator facilities to researchers, to advance the
boundaries of human knowledge.
At CERN, we probe the fundamental structure of the particles that make up everything around
us.
We do so using the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments.
The Laboratory, established in 1954, has become a prime example of international collaboration.
perform world-class research in fundamental physics.
provide a unique range of particle accelerator facilities that enable research at the forefront of
human knowledge, in an environmentally responsible and sustainable way.
unite people from all over the world to push the frontiers of science and technology, for the
benefit of all.
train new generations of physicists, engineers and technicians, and engage all citizens in
research and in the values of science.
5
 Subatomic particles are made to collide together at close to the speed of light. The
process gives us clues about how the particles interact, and provides insights into the
fundamental laws of nature.
 The instruments used at CERN are purpose-built particle accelerators and detectors.
Accelerators boost beams of particles to high energies before the beams are made to
collide with each other or with stationary targets. Detectors observe and record the
results of these collisions.
 Today, our understanding of matter goes much deeper than the nucleus, and CERN's main
area of research is particle physics.
Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
6
 The world's largest and highest-energy particle collider.
 Ring is 27km in circumference and between 50 and 200m underground
• Will collide two 7 TeV proton beams with beam currents of 600mA
Total energy stored in each beam is 350MJ
• 1232 superconducting NbTi dipole magnets to bend beams round the ring
• Beam pipe has vacuum of 10-13 atmospheres
• Magnets are cooled to 1.9K by superfluid Helium.
• Total power required to run LHC is 120MW
• Total cost to construct LHC was 3Billion Euros
 The beams inside the LHC are made to collide at four locations around the accelerator ring, corresponding
to the positions of four particle detectors – ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb.
 The LHC allows scientists to reproduce the conditions that existed within a billionth of a second after the
Big Bang by colliding beams of high-energy protons or ions at colossal (extremely large) speeds.
7
8
ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb.
9
10 Detectors
ALICE LHCb
 A Large Ion Collider  Large Hadron Collider beauty

Experiment  Beauty Quark
 Quark- gluon plasma  What happened to the missing
 antimatter?
A fluid form of matter
 Existed shortly after the Big Bang
 Heavy ion collisions
11 Detectors
ATLAS CMS
 A Toroidal LHC Apparatus  Compact Muon Solenoid

 General purpose detector  General purpose detector
 Looking for signs of new  Looks for the Higgs boson
physics  Nature of dark matter
 Origins of mass and extra dimension.
12 Achievements and Contributions
 Discovery of the Higgs Boson (2012)

 Precision Tests of the Standard Model
 Antimatter Research
 Advancements in Accelerator Technology
 International Collaboration
 Development of World Wide Web (WWW)
13 Future Prospects
 High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)

 Precision Measurements and Testing Fundamental Symmetries
 Antimatter Studies
 New Accelerator Technologies
 Medical Applications of Particle Physics
 Computing and Data Analysis
 Collaboration with Future Experiments and Facilities
 Beyond the Standard Model Physics.
14 Some Questions
 What is Dark matter?

 Are there extra dimensions?
 What happened after big bang?
 What is nature and properties of quark-gluon plasma?
 Is our Universe made only of matter?
15 Controversies
 Concerns have risen about the possibility of the LHC creating black holes on Earth.
 Production of strange particles, hypothetical particles that could convert others into strange
matter.
 CERN could create magnetic monopoles in the LHC.
 LHC will produce large quantities of radiation and extremely high energy collisions.
16 Applications with significant societal impact
 High-Performance Computing
 Accelerator Technologies for Industrial Processes
 Data Management and Analysis Tools
 Cryogenics Technology
 Advanced Detector Technologies
 Superconducting Magnet Technology
 Particle Therapy in Cancer Treatment
 World Wide Web (WWW)

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CERN PROJECT

• The world's largest

 A Large Ion Collider  Large Hadron Collider beauty

 A Toroidal LHC Apparatus  Compact Muon Solenoid

 Discovery of the Higgs Boson (2012)

 High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)

 What is Dark matter?

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