Final Biomarker
Final Biomarker
Final Biomarker
Contents
Introduction Classification
Application
Future trends References
Therapeutic biomarkers
Diagnostic biomarkers Prognostic biomarkers
Why Biomarkers???
More rapidly observed than clinical outcome Lesser variability in results than clinical measure Easier to measure Less expensive Sensitive and Accurate
THERAPEUTIC
CYCLIN D3
DIAGNOSTIC
GALECTIN-1
PROGNOSTIC
CD-10 EXPRESSION
Preparation of Biomarkers
Discovery
Clinical Diagnostics.
Biomarkers are now proving to be important molecules whose detection can help predict the presence of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease at an early phase.
In the future, they will be a common promising diagnostic tool for clinicians for the early detection of these diseases.
Currently, researchers use very advanced techniques such as proteomics to find these proteins (biomarkers) specific to various disorders, which may offer a potential target for drug treatment.
Biomarkers help researchers understand the disease process at the protein expression level. A study of biomarkers would help pharmaceutical companies in validating drug targets.
Biomarkers play a major role in reducing trial duration by predicting drug efficacy in animal models and human trials by acting as surrogate primary endpoints.
Personalized medicine
right medication to the right patient.
Glycoprotein
Serum
Testicular
Staging
Future trends
Biomarkers is currently considered most clinically useful and reliable: New researches are going on B natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein and myoglobin.
The role played by heart-type fatty acid binding protein, ischemia-modified albumin, and homocysteine in the evaluation of patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome.
causes of cancer death in women. Recently, HER2/neu(Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2) in breast cancer has been routinely used to guide treatment of using Trastuzumab.
The current understanding of specific acute inflammatory markers and their use to identify stable, vulnerable or ruptured atherosclerotic plaque.
References
Nagappa A and Datta V, Biomarkers:Opportunities in Diagnostic and Therapeutics,The Pharma Review,May 2011,P no.;157-160 Sergy llyin E.Stanley M and Carlos R,Biomarker Discovery And Validation: Technologies And Integrative Approaches Trends In Biotechnology, Vol 22, Issue 8,2004, P 411-416 Biomarkers in the Preclinical and Early Phases of RA, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/750136_3 Biomarker database: environmental assessment http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid= 85844