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    Chapter - 1

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    Gemechis Gurmesa

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    Chapter - 1

    Uploaded by

    Gemechis Gurmesa
    3 views13 pages

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    Chapter -1

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    Copyright:

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    3 views13 pages

    Chapter - 1

    Uploaded by

    Gemechis Gurmesa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Introduction to Microprocessor

    What is microcomputer?
    A Microcomputer is a small, relatively
    inexpensive digital computer with
    a microprocessor as its central processing
    unit (CPU).
    The system bus connects the various
    components of a computer
    • Microprocessor is a central processing unit on
    a single integrated circuit containing millions
    of very small components including :

    • transistors
    • Registers and
    • diodes
    • And they works together
    • RAM is a place to where the programs are
    loaded in order to be executed
    • Assemly language is low level programming
    languages for microprocessors and other
    programmable devices
    • The CPU is attached to the rest of the computer
    via pins
    • All processing of data takes place within the
    CPU
    • The system bus connects the various
    components of a computer.
     A computer system usually contains four bus
    types:
    • data lines
    • I/O lines
    • Control lines and
    • Address lines
    Features of 8086 Microprocessor:

    1. Intel 8086 was launched in 1978.


    2. It was the first 16-bit microprocessor.
    3. This microprocessor had major improvement
    over the execution speed of 8085.
    4. It is available as 40-pin Dual-Inline-Package
    (DIP).
    6. It consists of 29,000 transistors.
    Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor
    • The 8086 CPU is divided into two independent
    functional units:
    •
    1. Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
    2. Execution Unit (EU)
    Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor
    1 Execution Unit (EU)
    • The function of BIU is to:

     Fetch the instruction or data from memory


     Write the data to the port
     Read data from the port.
     Write the data to memory.

    2.Execution Unit (EU)

    The functions of execution unit are:


     To tell BIU where to fetch the instructions or data from.
     To decode the instructions.
     To execute the instructions
    Features of 8086 Microprocessor:

    1. Intel 8086 was launched in 1978.


    2. It was the first 16-bit microprocessor.
    3. This microprocessor had major improvement
    over the execution speed of 8085.
    4. It is available as 40-pin Dual-Inline-Package
    (DIP).
    6. It consists of 29,000 transistors.
    Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor
    General Purpose Registers of 8086
    These registers can be used as 8-bit registers
    individually or can be used as 16-bit in pair to
    have AX,BX, CX, and DX.
    Assembly Language
    • What is assembly language programming?

    An assembly language is a low-level


    programming language for microprocessors
    and other programmable devices.
    An assembly language implements a symbolic
    representation of the machine code needed to
    program a given CPU architecture.

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