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    Computer Networking

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    ruksharyashmin
    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a system that connects independent computers to share information and resources. It then describes the basic components of a network including nodes, links, servers, and networking hardware. The document goes on to explain different types of networks such as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) based on the communication medium, area covered, and type of communication. It also discusses wired and wireless networks as well as client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures.

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    Computer Networking

    Uploaded by

    ruksharyashmin
    24 views10 pages
    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a system that connects independent computers to share information and resources. It then describes the basic components of a network including nodes, links, servers, and networking hardware. The document goes on to explain different types of networks such as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) based on the communication medium, area covered, and type of communication. It also discusses wired and wireless networks as well as client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures.

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    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a system that connects independent computers to share information and resources. It then describes the basic components of a network including nodes, links, servers, and networking hardware. The document goes on to explain different types of networks such as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) based on the communication medium, area covered, and type of communication. It also discusses wired and wireless networks as well as client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views10 pages

    Computer Networking

    Uploaded by

    ruksharyashmin
    The document discusses different types of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a system that connects independent computers to share information and resources. It then describes the basic components of a network including nodes, links, servers, and networking hardware. The document goes on to explain different types of networks such as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) based on the communication medium, area covered, and type of communication. It also discusses wired and wireless networks as well as client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Computer Networking

    DR DEBARPITA SANTRA
    ASSISTANT PROFESSOR I
    AMITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
    Computer Network
     A computer network is a system that connects numerous independent computers in order
    to share information (data) and resources.
     The integration of computers and other different devices allows users to communicate
    more easily.
     A network connection can be established using either cable or wireless media.
     Hardware and software are used to connect computers and tools in any network.
     A computer network consists of various kinds of nodes.
    - Servers
    - networking hardware
    - personal computers
    - other specialized or general-purpose hosts
     Host names and network addresses are used to identify them.
    How Does a Computer Network Work?
     Computer Networks simply work using nodes and links.
     Data communication equipment is simply termed as Nodes.
    - Modems
    - Hubs
    - Switches, etc.
     Links in Computer networks can be referred to as a connection between two
    nodes.
     Whenever a Computer Network is working, nodes have the work of sending and
    receiving data via the links.
    Criteria of a Good Network
     Performance: It can be measured in many ways, including transmit time and
    response time. Transit time is the amount of time required for a message to travel
    from one device to another. Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry
    and a response. The performance of the network depends on a number of factors,
    including the number of users, the type of medium & Hardware.

     Reliability: In addition to accuracy is measured by frequency of failure, the time it


    takes a link to recover from failure, and the network’s robustness in catastrophe.

     Security: Network security issues include protecting data from unauthorized


    access, protecting data from damage and development, and implementing policies
    and procedures for recovery from breaches and data loss.
    Types of Computer Networks
    Division Based on the Communication Medium
     Wired Network: As we all know, “wired” refers to any physical medium made
    up of cables. Copper wire, twisted pair, or fiber optic cables are all options. A
    wired network employs wires to link devices to the Internet or another network,
    such as laptops or desktop PCs.

     Wireless Network: “Wireless” means without wire, media that is made up of


    electromagnetic waves (EM Waves) or infrared waves. Antennas or sensors will
    be present on all wireless devices. Cellular phones, wireless sensors, TV remotes,
    satellite dish receivers, and laptops with WLAN cards are all examples of
    wireless devices. For data or voice communication, a wireless network uses radio
    frequency waves rather than wires.
    Types of Computer Networks (Continued…)
    Division Based on Area Covered
     Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is a network that covers an area of around
    10 kilometers.
     For example, a college network or an office network.
     Depending upon the needs of the organization, a LAN can be a single office,
    building, or Campus.
     We can have two PCs and one printer in-home office or it can extend throughout
    the company and include audio and video devices. Each host in LAN has an
    identifier, an address that defines hosts in LAN. A packet sent by the host to
    another host carries both the source host’s and the destination host’s address.
    Types of Computer Networks (Continued…)
     Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): MAN refers to a network that covers an
    entire city.
    - For example: consider the cable television network.
     Wide Area Network (WAN): WAN refers to a network that connects countries
    or continents.
    - For example, the Internet allows users to access a distributed system called
    www from anywhere around the globe.
    - WAN interconnects connecting devices such as switches, routers, or
    modems.
    - A LAN is normally privately owned by an organization that uses it.
    Types of Computer Networks (Continued…)
    Two distinct examples of WANs today:
    - Point-to-point WANs
    - Switched WANs

     Point To Point: Connects two connecting devices through transmission media.

     Switched: A switched WAN is a network with more than two ends.


    Types of Computer Networks (Continued…)
    Based on Types of Communication
     Point To Point networks: Point-to-Point networking is a type of data networking that
    establishes a direct link between two networking nodes. A direct link between two
    devices, such as a computer and a printer, is known as a point-to-point connection.
     Multipoint: is the one in which more than two specific devices share links. In the
    multipoint environment, the capacity of the channel is shared, either spatially or
    temporally. If several devices can use the link simultaneously, it is a spatially shared
    connection.
     Broadcast networks: In broadcast networks, a signal method in which numerous
    parties can hear a single sender. Radio stations are an excellent illustration of the
    “Broadcast Network” in everyday life. The radio station is a sender of data/signal in
    this scenario, and data is only intended to travel in one direction. Away from the radio
    transmission tower, to be precise.
    Types of Computer Network Architecture
    1. Client-Server Architecture: Client-Server Architecture is basically the
    architecture where the clients and the server are connected as two clients can
    communicate with each other and the devices present work as servers in the
    network.

    2. Peer-to-Peer Architecture: Peer-to-Peer Architecture, computers are connected


    to each other and each computer is equally capable of working as there is no central
    server here. Each device present here can be used as a client or server.

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