Module 3:

THE PHILIPPINE POLICE

SYSTEM
 Lesson 1.

The Philippine
National Police:
An Overview
 The Philippine National
Police: An Overview

— The PNP shall enforce the

law, prevent and control
crimes, maintain peace and
order, and ensure public
safety and internal security
with the active support of
the community.
1. The Constitutional Provisions on
the National Police

 Article XVI section 6 of the Philippines

provides that The State shall establish
and maintain one police force, which
shall be national in scope and civilian
in character, to be administered and
controlled by a national police
commission. The authority of local
executives over the police units in their
jurisdiction shall be provided by law.
2. Republic Act No. 6975 – Department of
the Interior and Local Government Act of
1990. (December 13, 1990).

 It is hereby declared to be the policy of the

State to promote peace and order, ensure
public safety and further strength local
government capability aimed towards the
effective delivery of the basic services to the
citizenry through the establishment of a highly
efficient and competent police force that is
national in scope and civilian in character.
Towards this end, the State shall bolster a
system of coordination and cooperation among
the citizenry, local executives and the
integrated law enforcement and public safety
agencies.
The Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG)
 The Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG)

Organization – The Department shall consist of

the Department Proper, the existing bureaus and
offices of the Department of Local Government,
the National Police Commission, the Philippine
Public Safety College, and the following
bureaus: the Philippine National Police, the
Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology.
 The Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG)

Head of Department – The head of the Department,

hereinafter referred to as the Secretary, shall also be the
ex-officio Chairman of the National Police
Commission and shall be appointed by the President
subject to confirmation of the Commission and shall on
appointment. No retired or resigned military officer or
police official may be appointed as Secretary with in
one (1) year from the date of his retirement or
resignation.
 The Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG)

Specific Powers and Functions of the Secretary – In

addition to his powers and functions as provided in Executive Order
No. 262, the Secretary Department head shall have the following
powers and functions:
 Prepare and submit periodic reports, including a Quarterly Anti-
Crime Operations Report and such other reports as the President
and Congress may require;
 Act as Chairman and Presiding Officer of the National Police
Commission; and
 Delegate authority to exercise any substantive and administrative
function to the members of the National Police Commission or
other officers of rank within the Department.
3. The National Police Commission

— The National Police Commission is an

agency attached to the DILG for the policy
and program
— The coordination.
National Police Commission is
an agency attached to the DILG for the
policy and program coordination.
 Composition of the NAPOLCOM

 It is composed of a one Chairperson, four (4) regular

Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex officio member
 shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without
reappointment or extension
 Three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian
sector who are neither active nor former members of the police or
military, one (1) of whom shall be designated as vice chairperson
by the President.
 At least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a
woman
 The DILG Secretary shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of the
Commission.
 The Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the
Commission
 Qualifications of the Regular
Member of the Commission

1. He or She is a citizen of the Philippines;

2. A member of the Philippine Bar with at least 5 years of
experience in handling criminal or human rights cases or a holder
of a master’s degree but preferably a doctorate degree in public
administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law
enforcement, and other related disciplines: and
3. The regular member coming from the law enforcement sector
should have practical experience in law enforcement work for at
least five (5) years while the three (3) other regular
commissioners must have done extensive research work or
projects on law enforcement, criminology or criminal justice or
members of a duly registered non-government organization
involved in the promotion of peace and order.
 Organizational Structure of the
Commission

a. Commission Proper - This composed of the offices Chairman and

4 Commissioners.

b. Staff Services.
- The staff services of the Commission be as follows:
a.) Planning and Research Service (PRS) provides technical
services to the Commission in areas of overall policy formulation,
strategic and operational planning, management systems or
procedures, evaluation and monitoring of the Commission’s
programs, projects and internal operations; and conducts thorough
research and analysis on social and economic condition affecting
peace and order in the country.
 b.) Legal Affairs Service (LAS) provides the Commission with
efficient and effective service as legal counsel of the Commission;
draft or studies contracts affecting the Commission and submit
appropriate recommendations pertaining thereto; and render legal
opinions arising from the administration and operation of the
Philippine National Police and the Commission.

c.) Crime Prevention and Coordination Service (CPCS)

undertakes criminological researches and studies; formulates a
national crime prevention plan; develop a crime prevention and
information program; and provide editorial direction for all
criminology research and crime prevention publications.
 d.) Personnel and Administrative Service (PAS) performs
personnel functions for the Commission; administers the entrance
and promotional examinations for policemen, provides the
necessary services relating to records, correspondence, supplies,
property and equipment, security and general services, and the
maintenance and utilization of facilities; provides services relating
to manpower, career planning and development, personnel
transactions and employee welfare.

e.) Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation Service (IMIS)

conducts continuous inspection and management audit of
personnel, facilities and operations at all levels of command of the
PNP; monitors the implementation of the Commission’s programs
and projects relative to law enforcement; and monitors and
investigates police anomalies and irregularities.
 f.) Installations and Logistics Service (ILS) reviews the
Commission’s plans and programs and formulates policies and
procedures regarding acquisition, inventory, control,
distribution, maintenance and disposal of supplies and
oversees the implementation of programs on transportation
facilities and installations and the procurement and
maintenance of supplies and equipment.

g.) Financial Service (FS) provides the Commission with

staff advice and assistance on budgetary and financial matters,
including the overseeing of the processing and disbursement
of funds pertaining to the scholarship program and surviving
children of deceased and/or permanently incapacitated PNP
personnel.
c. Disciplinary Appellate Boards
- The Commission has a formal administrative
disciplinary appellate machinery consisting of the
National Appellate Board (NAB), and the Regional
Appellate Boards (RABs). The following are the
specific functions of the Appellate Boards:

National Appellate Board decides cases on appeal from

decisions rendered by the Director General of the
Philippine National Police (PNP), where the penalty
imposed is demotion in rank or dismissal from service.
Regional Appellate Boards:

 Decide/resolve all cases on appeal from decisions of the PLEBs

and PNP Regional Directors where the penalty is forced
resignation, demotion in rank or dismissal, and those of the
Mayors in cases falling within their respective jurisdictions.

 Decide appeals from decisions of the Regional Directors on claims

for police benefits.
d. Regional Offices
The Commission shall establish, operate and maintain regional
offices headed by regional directors who shall implement the
policies and programs of the Commission in their respective
regions. For administrative purposes, the regional offices shall
be attached to the general offices of the DILG. Subject to the
standards that shall be prescribed by the Commission, the
regional offices shall likewise perform the functions of
adjudication of benefit claims.

Qualifications of Regional Directors of NAPOLCOM

1. He or she is a citizen of the Philippines; and
2. A holder of master’s degree and appropriate civil service
eligibility.
 Power and Function of the
Commission

A. Exercise administrative control and operational supervision

over the PNP which shall mean the power to:

a. Developed policies and promulgate a police manual prescribing rules and

regulations for efficient organization, administration, and operation,
including criteria for manpower allocation, distribution and deployment,
recruitment, selection, promotion, and retirement of personnel and the
conduct of qualifying entrance and promotional examinations for
uniformed members;
b. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish the standards for such
purposes on a continuing basis, the performance, activities, and facilities
of all police agencies throughout the country.
c. Establish s system of uniform crime reporting;
d. Conduct an annual self-report survey and compile statistical data for the
accurate assessment of the crime situation and the proper evaluation of the
efficiency and effectiveness of all police units in the country.
e. Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training,
logistical requirements, communications, records, information systems,
crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime reporting;
f. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board,
personnel disciplinary actions involving demotion or dismissal from
the service imposed upon policemen by the Chief of the PNP;
g. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the regional appellate
boards over administrative cases against policemen and over decisions
on claims for police benefits.
h. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniformed
and, after consultation with the Philippine Heraldry Commission, for
insignia of ranks, awards and medals of honor. Within 90 days from the
effectivity of R.A. No. 8551, the standards of the uniformed personnel
of the PNP must be revised which should be clearly distinct from the
military and reflective of the civilian character of the police;
i. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters
pertaining to the discharge of its own powers and duties, and
designate who among its personnel can issue such processes and
administer oaths in connection therewith;
j. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the
established criteria for manpower allocation, distribution, and
deployment and their impact on the community and the crime
situation, and thereafter formulate appropriate guidelines for
maximization of resources and effective utilization of the PNP
personnel;
k. Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as
deputies of the NAPOLCOM; and
l. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.
B. Advise the President of the Republic of the Philippines on all matters
involving police functions and administration;
C. Render to the President of the Republic of the Philippines and to the
Congress an annual report on its activities and accomplishments during the 30
days after the end of the calendar year, which shall include and administration
of police agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the
country, and recommendation for appropriate remedial legislation;
D. Recommend to the President of the Republic of the Philippines, through
the Secretary, within 60 days before the commencement of each calendar
year, a crime prevention program; and
E. Performed such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of
R.A. No. 8551 and as the President of the Republic of the Philippines may
direct.
4. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE
 organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA
8551
 a law enforcement agency under the operational
control of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government and administrative supervision of the
National Police Commission
 it is an organization that is national in scope and
civilian in character, as provided by Section 6, Article
16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: “The state
shall establish and maintain one police force which
shall be national in scope and civilian in character…”
 headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director
General, appointed by the President and who shall
serve a term of office of four (4) years
Vision of the PNP
Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by 2030, we
shall a highly capable, effective and credible
police service working in partnership with a
responsive community towards the attainment of
a safer place to live, work and do business.

Mission of the PNP.

The PNP is mandated to enforce the law,
prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and
order, and ensure public safety and internal
security with the active support of the
community.

Core Values of the PNP.

MakaDiyos (God-fearing. Pro-God)
Makatao (Hummane. Pro-People)
Makabayan (Patriotic. Pro-Country)
Makakalisan (Environmental-Friendly. Pro-
Environment)
 Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and
the territorial integrity wherein the National Police must
enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
Symbolize the flowering, maturing professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the
and ultimate realization of the highest ideals and traditions of service to our country and
glorious evolution of the PC/INP into people.
a National Police Organization -
"national in scope and civilian in
character" - as enshrined in the 1986
Constitution.

The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the

prototype of the best and most noble in
Filipino manhood who is the symbol and
The symbol of the Philippine embodiment of all the genuine attributes of
Constabulary, the first National leadership, courage, nationalism, self-
Police. The Philippine Constabulary reliance and a people-based and people
for the close to 90 years of service to powered community defense.
the nation has performed with honor,
professionalism and courage.

Green Laurel with 14 leaves, symbolizes

the 14 Regional Commands. It is also a
Added distinct ideals for the officers, men and symbol of the honor, dignity and the
women of the PNP to insure efficiency, privilege of being a member of a noble
integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and organization where the call to public
equanimity to enhance community acceptance service is par excellence a commitment
and support to attain its mission of peace
to public trust.
keeping and law enforcement.
PNP Seal Symbolism
1. The Native Shield — The symbol of the Philippine
Constabulary, the first National Police. The Philippine
Constabulary for the close to 90 years of service to the
nation has performed with honor, professionalism and
courage.

2. The Sun Rays — Symbolize the flowering, maturing

and ultimate realization of the glorious evolution of the
PC/INP into a National Police Organization - "national
in scope and civilian in character" - as enshrined in the
1986 Constitution.

3. Lapu-Lapu — The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the

prototype of the best and most noble in Filipino
manhood who is the symbol and embodiment of all the
genuine attributes of leadership, courage, nationalism,
self-reliance and a people-based and people powered
community defense.
4. The Three Stars — Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
and the 1,700 islands and the territorial integrity
wherein the National Police must enforce the law and
maintain peace and order with professionalism, zeal and
dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and
traditions of service to our country and people.

5. Service, Honor, and Justice — Added distinct ideals

for the officers, men and women of the PNP to insure
efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and
equanimity to enhance community acceptance and
support to attain its mission of peace keeping and law
enforcement.

6. Laurel Leaves — Green Laurel with 14 leaves,

symbolizes the 14 Regional Commands. It is also a
symbol of the honor, dignity and the privilege of being
a member of a noble organization where the call to
public service is par excellence a commitment to public
trust.
The PNP Badge, Symbolism and
Meaning

1. Philippine Eagle — symbol of swiftness and

ferocity, power, courage and immortality.
2. Three (3) Stars — Stands for Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao which constitute the Republic's
Territorial Integrity over which the PNP must
enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping
with the highest ideals and traditions of service to
God, Country and People.
3. Shield — Symbolizes the bravery of the
Philippine National Police.
4. Sun with Eight (8) Rays — Represents the
eight (8) provinces whose ideals of courage,
gallantry patriotism led to their revolt against
Spain.
5. Lapu-Lapu — Symbolizes the bravery of the
Philippine National Police.
6. Scroll with inscription — It represents the
PNP’s motto:
Service. It is the Vibrant and Cogent deeds
and action in response to the needs and wants
of the people in distress.
Honor. It is the over-riding criterion and
consideration in the performance of their
entrusted task or mission.
Justice. It is dispensed to everyone whatever
is due to him without favoritism or
discrimination of any sort.
7. Laurel Leaves — It symbolizes the
competency, brilliant and honor expected from
each and every member of the PNP.
8. Philippine National Police Inspection. It
depends the identity of solidarity
9. Serial Number — It represents the serial
number of the police officer.
 The
PNP
Rank
Classification
 PNP Rank According to
Group

1. Police Non-Commissioned
Officer (PNCOs). These refers to
police personnel with a rank of
Patrolman/Patrolwoman up to
Police Executive Master Sargent.

2. Police Commission Officer

(PCOs). These refers to police
personnel with a rank of Police
Lieutenant up to Police General.
 PNP Officers According
to Level

1. Superior Police Officer. It

refers to a police officer having
supervisory responsibilities.

2. Subordinate Police Officer. It

refers to an officer belonging to the
lower or inferior rank.
1. Police Brigadier General to Police General. The
insignia contains star/s located at the center as the main part
of its design. Offices at this level are also called Star Ranks
Officers.

2. Police Major to Police Colonel. The insignia contains

sampaguita flower/s a place at the center as the main part of
its design.
the main part of its design. THE PNP
3.Police Lieutenant to Police Captain. The insignia
INSIGNIA
contains anahaw leaf/leaves placed at the center as
ACCORDING
4.Police Master Sergeant to Police Captain. The
insignia contains a combination of curve lines (facing TO RANKS
upward) and open brace curly (facing downward)
depending on the rank. However, only the Police
Executives Master Sergeant rank has a star enclosed by the
curve lines and open brace curly.

5.Patrolman/Patrolwoman to Police Staff. The insignia

has curve lines depending on the rank.
PNP
Organizational
Structure

• 1. The PNP Command Group. It

is headed by the Chief PNP who is
vested with the power to
command and direct the PNP.
PNP
Organizational Structur
e

• 2.The Chief of the

Directorial Staff serves as
the Chief Operations Officer
of the PNP. He coordinates,
supervises, and directs the
Directorial Staff and the PNP
units in the performance of
their respective functions.
PNP
Organizational Structur
e

• 3. The Internal Affairs Service

(IAS) is headed by an
Inspector General who assists
the Chief PNP in ensuring
operational readiness and
investigates infractions of the
regulations committed by the
members of the PNP.
PNP
Organizational Structu
re

• 4. The Human Rights Affairs Office

(HRAO) is headed by a senior
police commissioned officer who
serves as a manager of the facility
that will supervise the
implementation of the guidelines
and policies on human rights laws.
PNP
Organizational Structur
e

• 5. The Center for Police Strategy

Management (CPSM) serves as the
Central facility of the PNP in
coordinating and integrating all
strategy management processes,
sustaining its strategy execution
and management, and instilling in
the organization a culture of
strategy focus.
•6. The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 directorates. Every Director in each unit has also
his defined function in line with his specialization as follows:

• The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM

• The Directorate for Intelligence (DI).
• The Directorate for Operations (DO
• The Directorate for Logistics (DL).
• The Directorate for Plans (DPL).
• The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC)
• The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR).
• The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM).
• The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD)
• The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD).
• The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management (DICTM)
• Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations (DIPOs). .
•7. There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP. There are 11
administrative and 12 operational units each manned by 1 -star rank
officers which is Police Brigadier General.

•a. Eleven Administrative Units

1. Logistics Support Service (LSS).
2. Technology Management Service (ITMS).
3. Finance Service (FS).
4. Health Service (HS).
5. Communications and Electronics Service (CES).
6. Chaplain Service (CHS).
7. Legal Service (LS).
8. Headquarters Support Service (HSS).
9. Engineering Service (ES).
10. Training Service (TS). and
11. PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS).
•7. There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP. There are 11
administrative and 12 operational units each manned by 1 -star rank
officers which is Police Brigadier General.

•a. Eleven Administrative Units

1. Logistics Support Service (LSS).
2. Technology Management Service (ITMS).
3. Finance Service (FS).
4. Health Service (HS).
5. Communications and Electronics Service (CES).
6. Chaplain Service (CHS).
7. Legal Service (LS).
8. Headquarters Support Service (HSS).
9. Engineering Service (ES).
10. Training Service (TS). and
11. PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS).
•8. Main PNP operating units
•There are seventeen (17) Police Regional Offices ] nationwide which correspond to the Regional subdivisions
of the country
•Directly under the Police Regional Offices are seventeen (17) Regional Mobile Force Battalion (RMFB) [each
office is manned by Police Colonel 80 Police Provincial Offices [ each officed is manned by Police Colonel with
designation as Provincial Director] which correspond to the number of Provinces in the country and 20 City
Police Offices (CPOs)

• Finally, a total of 1,766 Police Stations are established nationwide and they are categorized as
follows: 90 Component City Police Stations and 1,507 Municipal Police Stations under the Police Provincial
Offices, 131 Police Stations under the City Police Offices, and 38 Police Stations/City Police Stations in the
National Capital Regional Police Office which serve as the main operating arms of the PNP for the anti-
criminality campaign.
•PNP Levels of Organization

• National. The PNP shall maintain its office in Metropolitan Manila Which shall house the directorial staff, service staff and special support units.
• Regional. The PNP shall have regional offices, including that of the National Capital Region, which may be divided into 2 separate regions without prejudice to
the pertinent provisions of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Regions of the Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao relative to the creation of a regional police
force in the area of autonomy.
• Provincial. there shall be a PNP office, each headed by a Provincial Director. In the case of large provinces, police district may be establishing by the
NAPOLCOM to be headed by a district Director. However, it stated that a PD should be:
• holder of a master’s degree in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration, defense
studies,
• has satisfactorily passed the required training and careers courses necessary for the position as may be established by the Commission.

• 4) City or Municipal. there shall be a PNP station, each headed by a Chief of Police (COP)
• For Chief of a City Police Stations. He/she is a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or has finished all the required courses of a master’s degree program in public
administration, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration, defense study, and other related disciplines from a recognized
institution of learning.
•B) For Chief of Municipal Police Station. He or she has finished at least second year Bachelor of Law or has earned at least twelve (12) units in a master’s degree
program in public administration, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration, defense study, and other related disciplines
from a recognized institution of learning.