International Relations & Current Affairs: By: Obaid Gulzar University of Education, Lahore
International Relations & Current Affairs: By: Obaid Gulzar University of Education, Lahore
International Relations & Current Affairs: By: Obaid Gulzar University of Education, Lahore
Current Affairs
By: Obaid Gulzar
University of Education, Lahore
Topics to be Covered
• Introduction and History of Diplomacy
• Difference between Diplomacy & Foreign Policy
• Traditional Vs Modern Diplomacy
• Instruments of Diplomacy
• Diplomatic Procedures & Practices
• Functions of Diplomacy
• Introduction to Foreign Policy
• Objectives and Components of Foreign Policy
Diplomacy
• There are two major forms of diplomacy. The simplest and the oldest is
bilateral diplomacy between two states. Bilateral diplomacy is still common
with many treaties between two states, and it is a main concern of
embassies.
• For the majority of human history diplomats were sent only for specific
negotiations, and would return immediately after their mission concluded.
Diplomacy from a Historical Perspective
• Diplomats were usually relatives of the ruling family or of very high rank in
order to give them legitimacy when they sought to negotiate with the other
state. Envoys eventually became negotiators rather than being just
messengers.
• During the Middle Ages (6th to 18th century), the scope of diplomacy did
not grow much and diplomats were mostly confined to maintaining archives
rather than negotiating them.
Diplomacy from a Historical Perspective
• In the late Middle Ages, in Genoa, the Duke of Milan established the first
foreign mission. But this was still diplomacy of the court rather than that of
the people.
• Secretaries, with first, second and third rankings are mid-career officials
implementing foreign policies of their home countries.
• Foreign Policy defines the goals of national interest and then tries to secure
these through the exercise of national power.
Components of Foreign Policy