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    Medical Terminology 1

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    azzazy040
    This document provides an introduction to medical terminology. It discusses how medical terms are constructed using word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Key points include: - Medical terminology has its own specialized vocabulary used in healthcare. - Terms can be descriptive, naming anatomical structures, or eponyms honoring discoverers. - Terms are constructed from a word root plus prefixes and suffixes to modify meanings. Common prefixes include un- and re-, and common suffixes modify parts of speech or tense. - Examples show how prefixes and suffixes change meanings, like myocarditis referring to heart muscle inflammation in different areas. - Useful prefixes and suffixes are discussed, like -itis for inflammation or -ectomy for removal. Word

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    Medical Terminology 1

    Uploaded by

    azzazy040
    15 views12 pages
    This document provides an introduction to medical terminology. It discusses how medical terms are constructed using word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Key points include: - Medical terminology has its own specialized vocabulary used in healthcare. - Terms can be descriptive, naming anatomical structures, or eponyms honoring discoverers. - Terms are constructed from a word root plus prefixes and suffixes to modify meanings. Common prefixes include un- and re-, and common suffixes modify parts of speech or tense. - Examples show how prefixes and suffixes change meanings, like myocarditis referring to heart muscle inflammation in different areas. - Useful prefixes and suffixes are discussed, like -itis for inflammation or -ectomy for removal. Word

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    This document provides an introduction to medical terminology. It discusses how medical terms are constructed using word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Key points include: - Medical terminology has its own specialized vocabulary used in healthcare. - Terms can be descriptive, naming anatomical structures, or eponyms honoring discoverers. - Terms are constructed from a word root plus prefixes and suffixes to modify meanings. Common prefixes include un- and re-, and common suffixes modify parts of speech or tense. - Examples show how prefixes and suffixes change meanings, like myocarditis referring to heart muscle inflammation in different areas. - Useful prefixes and suffixes are discussed, like -itis for inflammation or -ectomy for removal. Word

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views12 pages

    Medical Terminology 1

    Uploaded by

    azzazy040
    This document provides an introduction to medical terminology. It discusses how medical terms are constructed using word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Key points include: - Medical terminology has its own specialized vocabulary used in healthcare. - Terms can be descriptive, naming anatomical structures, or eponyms honoring discoverers. - Terms are constructed from a word root plus prefixes and suffixes to modify meanings. Common prefixes include un- and re-, and common suffixes modify parts of speech or tense. - Examples show how prefixes and suffixes change meanings, like myocarditis referring to heart muscle inflammation in different areas. - Useful prefixes and suffixes are discussed, like -itis for inflammation or -ectomy for removal. Word

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    MEDICAL

    TERMINOLOGY
    INTRODUCTION
     Medical terminology is a specialized language used by
    health care practitioners. It has its own vocabulary
     Eponyms:
     There are two major categories of medical terms:
     Descriptive – describing shape, color, size, function,
    etc, and
     Eponyms, literally “putting a name upon”; used to
    honor those who first discovered or described an
    anatomical structure or diagnosed a disease or first
    developed a medical instrument or procedure. Some
    examples of eponyms are fallopian tubes (uterine
    tubes-Gabriello Fallopio) and eustachian tubes
    (auditory tubes-Bartolommeo Eustachii).
    BASICS ( WORD ROOTS –
    PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES)
     Before we can start in with some new
    and interesting medical terms, you need to learn
    a few fundamentals of how medical terminology
    is constructed as a language.
     Many English words are formed by taking basic
    words and adding combinations of prefixes and
    suffixes to them.
     A basic word to which affixes (prefixes and
    suffixes) are added is called a root word because
    it forms the basis of a new word. For example,
    the word lovely consists of the word love and
    the suffix -ly.
     There are three basic parts to medical terms:
    A word root (usually the middle of the word and its
    central meaning),
     A prefix (comes at the beginning and usually identifies
    some subdivision or part of the central meaning)
     A suffix :The ending part of a word that modifies the
    meaning of the word.
     Prefixes
    A prefix is a letter or a group of letters that we add to
    the beginning of a word. Prefixes change the meanings
    of words. For example, the prefix un- can mean "not,"
    "remove," or "opposite."
     Adding un- to the word "happy" gives you the
    word "unhappy," which means not happy.
    U-n and r-e (or re-) are the two most common 
    prefixes in the English language. Re- means
    ""again" or "back," such as in the words "rethink
     Suffixes
    A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to
    the end of a word. Suffixes are commonly used to
    show the part of speech of a word. For example,
    adding "ion" to the verb "act" gives us "action," the
    noun form of the word. Suffixes also tell us the verb
    tense of words or whether the words are plural or
    singular.
     S​ ome common suffixes are -er, -s, -es, -ed, -
    ing and -ly.
    o An example of medical terms:
    Myocarditis

    (prefix) (root) (suffix)

    myo = muscle card = heart itis = inflammation

    PREFIX CHANGE:
    Myocarditis = muscle layer of heart inflamed

    Pericarditis = outer layer of heart inflamed

    Endocarditis = inner layer of heart inflamed

    SUFFIX CHANGE:
    Cardiologist = a physician specializing in the heart

    Cardiomyopathy = damage to heart muscle layer

    Cardiomegaly = enlargement of the heart


    :USEFUL PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
    -it is = inflammation tonsillitis, appendicitis (you know these!)

    -osis =abnormal condition cyanosis (of blueness, due to cold or low oxygen)

    -ectomy = to cut out (remove) appendectomy, tonsillectomy (you know these too!)

    -otomy = to cut into tracheotomy (to cut into the windpipe,


    temporary opening)

    -ostomy = to make a colostomy (to make a permanent opening in colon)


    “mouth”

    a/an = without, none anemia (literally no blood but means few red cells)

    Micro = small microstomia (abnormally small mouth, see “stomy” in colostomy


    above?)

    Macro = large macrostomia (abnormally large mouth)

    mega/ -megaly = enlarged megacolon (abnormally large colon = large intestine)

    -scopy/ - = to look, observe colonoscopy (look into colon)


    scopic
    -graphy/ = recording an mammography (imaging the
    -graph image breasts)

    -gram =the image (X- Mammogram


    ray)

     To see a lung specialist, you would visit a pulmonologist.


     To see a specialist in nerve and brain disease, make an appointment with a
    neurologist.
     If you have a bad eye infection, you may be referred to an ophthalmologist.
     Your rheumatism acting up? You would want to find a physician specializing in
    rheumatology.
    :WORD ROOTS FOR ORGANS
    Stomato = mouth Stomatitis
    Dento = teeth Dentist
    Glosso/linguo = tongue glossitis, lingual nerve
    Gingivo = gums Gingivitis
    Encephalo = brain Encephalitis
    Gastro = stomach Gastritis
    Entero = intestine Gastroenteritis
    Colo = large intestine colitis, megacolon
    Procto = anus/rectum proctitis, proctologist
    Hepato = liver hepatitis, hepatomegaly
    Nephro/rene = kidney nephrosis, renal artery
    Orchido = testis orchiditis, orchidectomy
    Oophoro = ovary Oophorectomy
    Hystero/metro =uterus hysterectomy,
    endometritis
    Stomato = mouth Stomatitis
    Salpingo = uterine tubes Hysterosalpingogram
    Dermo = skin Dermatitis
    Masto/mammo = breast mammography, mastectomy

    Osteo = bones Osteoporosis


    Cardio = heart electrocardiogram (ECG)
    Cysto = bladder Cystitis
    Rhino = nose rhinitis (runny nose!)
    Phlebo/veno = veins phlebitis, phlebotomy
    Pneumo/pulmo = lung pneumonitis, pulmonologist

    Hemo/emia = blood hematologist, anemia


     Note that some organs have more than one word root.
     Example: “masto” and “mammo”. Typically, one is derived from
    the Greek and one from Latin. Go figure! But, you need to know
    both roots because you may see either of them used.
     The word ending “-itis” is going to be used repeatedly. It means
    inflammation, and I want to make sure you know what that means.
    An infected cut is an inflammation. “Pink eye” is an
    inflammation.
     But, four things must be present to define inflammation: pain,
    redness, heat and swelling (dolor, rubor, calor and tumor in
    Latin!).
     But, inflammation of an internal organ such as the stomach or
    kidney must be defined by a physician relying on signs and
    symptoms, and, possibly, the need for a biopsy (tissue sample) to
    examine under a microscope by a specialist in identifying the
    causes of diseased tissues, a pathologist.
    THANKS 

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