LECTURE 4 - AD - Academism - 14 - 10 - 2020

ACADEMY – ACADEMISM – STUDIO’S
Couture – Jérôme – Cabanel – Bouguereau – Alma Tadema – Boulanger
Académie Julian – Académie Colarossi
Alexandre Cabanel, Ophélia, 1883

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-10
After Carlo Maratta,

2
Men Studying the Art of Drawing, 1728
Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture: ° 1648 (Louis XIV)
Académie des Beaux-Arts: ° 1816 (Louis XVIII)
• Hierarchy of genres:
• History Painting
(historic, mythological, biblical)
• Portraits
(Men of virtue, of state, ...)
• Genre scene
(Scenes from everyday)
• Landscape
(in vedute tradition, Italianising, ...)
• Still Life
(vanitas)
3
Charles Le Brun, Self Portrait, 1684
Académie des Beaux-Arts, Institut de France, Paris 4
Royal Academy, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, 1868 Thomas Rowlandson & Augustus Pugin,
The Exhibition Room at Somerset House, 1808
5
Johan Zoffany, The Academicians of the Royal Academy, 1771-72 6
7
Henry Singleton, The Royal Academicians in General Assembly, 1795
8
Angelica Kauffman, Self Portrait, ca. 1770–75 Mary Moser, Self Portrait, 1770-71
École des Beaux-Arts de Paris
Glass Courtyard 9
École des Beaux-Arts de Paris
Charles Nicolas Cochin, The Life Class of the Academy, ca. 1760
10
Gabriel de Saint-Aubin, The Salon of the Louvre, 1765
Jean-Henri Cless, The Studio of J.L. David, ca. 1810 Léon-Mathieu Cochereau, The Studio of J.L. David
in the Collège des Quatre Nations, 1814
Wilhelm Bendz, Model Class at the Royal Danish Anonymous, Drawing to Living Model
Academy of Fine Arts, 1826 at the Royal Academy, 1808
19
Studio view at the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris
13
École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, Studio of Ferdinand Humbert, 1906 14
Hadamart, Exhibition of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in the Grande Galerie of the Louvre, 1699
15
Pietro Antonio Martini, Exhibition at the Salon du Louvre in 1787, 1787 16
François-Joseph Heim, Charles X distributing prices at the
exhibiting artists of the 1824 Salon at the Louvre, 1827
Théodore Géricault,
The Raft of the Médusa (detail), Nicolas Sébastien Maillot,
18
1818-19 View on the Salon carré of the Louvre, 1831
Salon des Refusés, 1863
Palais de L’Inudstrie et des Beaux-Arts, Paris
François Biard, Four hours at the Salon
(Closing Hour), 1847 19
Academism – The School of Venusses- Orientalism
Throughout the 19th Century
20
23
Thomas Couture, The Romans of the Decadence, 1847
Jean-Léon Gérôme, Young Greeks Attending a Cock Fight, 1846
22
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Homerus and his Guide, 1874
Gustave Boulanger, The Slave Market, 1886
23
Gustave Boulanger, Ulysses and Euryclee, 1849
Gustave Boulanger, Theater Rehearsel in the Atrium of the Pompeian House of Napoleon III, 1861 24
25
Lawrence Alma-Tadema, The Death of Heliogabalus, 1888
Lawrence Alma-Tadema, A Good Vantage Point (detail), 1895
26
The School of Venusses
27
Paul-Jacques Baudry, The Wave and the Pearl, 1862 28
29
Alexandre Cabanel, The Birth of Venus, 1863
Reclining Nude
Auguste Clésinger, Woman bitten by a Snake, 1847

Joris-Karl Huysmans in L’Art moderne, Salon 1879:
I must, alas! Start with the work of Mr. Bouguereau.

(...), he invented the gaseous paint, the blown piece.
It's not even porcelain anymore, it's flaccid lick; (...).
The birth of Venus, (...), is a poverty that has no
name. The composition is everyone's. A naked woman
on a shell, in the center. All around other women
frolicking in known poses. The heads are banal, (...);
but what is even more distressing are the busts and
the legs. Take the Venus from head to foot, it is a
badly swollen balloon. Neither muscles, nor nerves,
nor blood. Knees are wobbling for lack of fasteness; it
is by a miracle of equilibrium that this unfortunate
woman stands upright. (...) The color is vile, and vile
is the drawing. It is executed as for colouring candy
boxes; (...). It is to scream with rage when one thinks
that this painter who, in the hierarchy of the
mediocre, is master, is head of school, and that this
school, if one is not careful, will simply become the
most absolute negation of art!
Bouguereau, The Birth of Venus, 1879

William-Adolphe Bouguereau, The Wave, 1896
Gustave Courbet, Woman in the Waves, 1868
32
Orientalism
33
Edward W. Said,
Orientalism, 1978
Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Snake Charmer, 1880 34

Alexandre Cabanel, Cleopatra Trying out Poison on the Convicted, 1887 35
Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pygmalion and Galatea,
1890 36
Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Carpet Seller, 1887
PRIVATE ACADEMIES & FREE STUDIO’S
37
Group Photo of Female Students, Académie Julian, Paris, end of the 19 th Century
Rodolphe Julian 38
Pascal Bouveret, Young aquarellist
at the Louvre, 1881
Jefferson David Chalfant,
Bouguereau’s Studio in the Académie Julian, 1891 42
Edmond Bénard, Elizabeth Eleanor Greatorex, ca. 1890
Adrienne Grandpierre, Studio Interior, 1822

40
Anna Bilinska-Bohdanowicz,
Male Semi-Nude Study, 1885 41
Women only studio, ca. 1900
What I envy is the freedom to walk
by myself, to go, to come back, to sit
on the benches of the Tuileries
Garden and especially of the
Luxembourg, to stop at the artistic
windows, to enter the
churches, museums, to walk the old
streets in the evenings; this is
what I want and that is the freedom
without which one cannot become
a true artist. Do you believe we
enjoy what we see, when we are
accompanied or when, when we
want to go to Louvre, we have to
wait, for one’s car, one’s chaperone
or one’s family?
Marie Bashkirtseff, ca. 1880
Marie Bashkirtseff, In the Studio, 1881

42
Académie Colarossi, Drawing Class, 1896 43
Camille Claudel, ca. 1884 44

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ACADEMY – ACADEMISM – STUDIO’S

Couture – Jérôme – Cabanel – Bouguereau – Alma Tadema – Boulanger

Académie Julian – Académie Colarossi

Alexandre Cabanel, Ophélia, 1883

After Carlo Maratta,

Throughout the 19th Century

Auguste Clésinger, Woman bitten by a Snake, 1847

I must, alas! Start with the work of Mr. Bouguereau.

Bouguereau, The Birth of Venus, 1879

Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Snake Charmer, 1880 34

Adrienne Grandpierre, Studio Interior, 1822

Marie Bashkirtseff, ca. 1880

Marie Bashkirtseff, In the Studio, 1881

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