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    Diphtheria: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

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    Kristell Joy Gasmen
    Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection that affects the throat and skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and produces a toxin that can damage tissues. The main symptoms include a gray membrane in the throat, difficulty breathing, and a hoarse voice. It has an incubation period of 2-5 days and is communicable for 1-2 weeks if untreated. Treatment involves penicillin and isolation to prevent spread. Complications can include heart damage, paralysis, and airway obstruction.

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    Diphtheria: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

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    Kristell Joy Gasmen
    92 views16 pages
    Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection that affects the throat and skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and produces a toxin that can damage tissues. The main symptoms include a gray membrane in the throat, difficulty breathing, and a hoarse voice. It has an incubation period of 2-5 days and is communicable for 1-2 weeks if untreated. Treatment involves penicillin and isolation to prevent spread. Complications can include heart damage, paralysis, and airway obstruction.

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    Diphtheria

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    Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection that affects the throat and skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and produces a toxin that can damage tissues. The main symptoms include a gray membrane in the throat, difficulty breathing, and a hoarse voice. It has an incubation period of 2-5 days and is communicable for 1-2 weeks if untreated. Treatment involves penicillin and isolation to prevent spread. Complications can include heart damage, paralysis, and airway obstruction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    92 views16 pages

    Diphtheria: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

    Uploaded by

    Kristell Joy Gasmen
    Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection that affects the throat and skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and produces a toxin that can damage tissues. The main symptoms include a gray membrane in the throat, difficulty breathing, and a hoarse voice. It has an incubation period of 2-5 days and is communicable for 1-2 weeks if untreated. Treatment involves penicillin and isolation to prevent spread. Complications can include heart damage, paralysis, and airway obstruction.

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    of 16

    4/22/12

    DIPHTHERIA
    Click to edit Master subtitle style

    4/22/12

    DEFINITION

    An acute bacteria disease that can infect the body into areas: throat ( respiratory diphtheria) and skin (skin or cutaneous diphtheria )

    4/22/12

    INCUBATION PERIOD
    After

    being exposed to the bacterium, it usually takes 2-5 days for symptom to developed.

    PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY
    The

    period of communicability varies. It is more than 2-4 weeks in untreated patients and 1-2 days in treated patients.

    4/22/12

    PATHOGnoMONIC SIGN
    Grayish

    membrane seen in the tonsil and throat

    CAUSATIVE AGENT
    Corynebacterium Diphtheriae(KLEBSLEOFFLER BACILLUS)

    Capable in damaging muscles especially the cardiac nerve, kidneys, liver and other tissues.

    4/22/12

    CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

    Dyspnea Husky voice Stridor Nasal drainage/secreations Swelling of the palate Low grade fever

    4/22/12

    pathophysiology
    -

    Risk Factors Operation in an area of the nose and throat Economic status Lack of proper nutrition Over crowded

    Toxin is absorbed into the mucous membrane; causes destruction of the epithelium and superficial inflammatory response

    Necrotic epithelium embedded in exuding fibrin; grayish psuedomembrane is formed by leukocytes, fibrin and necrotic tissues.

    4/22/12

    Continues.
    Bacilli w/n the pseudomembrane continue to actively produce toxins Damage particularly parenchymatous degeneration, fatty infiltration and necrosis in the muscles of the heart and in the liver, kidney and adrenals Toxins produces damage Paralysis of the soft palate, eye muscles and extrimities

    4/22/12

    Types:
    1. Nasal- with foul smelling serosanguinous secretions from the nose 2. Tonsilar- low fatality rate. The lesions are confined to the tonsils but end to spread over the pillars 3. Facial Nasopharyngeal the more severe type a. cervical lymph nodes are swollen b. it has mark degree of toxemia

    4/22/12

    Medical management
    Drug
    -

    of choice

    Penicillin
    Usually active in treating respiratory diphthteria before it releases toxins in the blood

    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    Risk for infection r/t insuficient knowledge to avoid exposure to pathogens Fear r/t hospitalization/hospital procedure Anxiety r/t change in health status Imbalance nutrition less than body requirements r/t

    4/22/12

    NURSING MANAGEMENT
    Preventive:

    -mandatory reporting of cases -isolation of patient for minimum of 14 days from the onset of the disease until three cultures from the nose and throat are reported negative. - Patient should avoid contact with children and refrain from handling food until bacteriologic exam. Of cultures is reported negative

    4/22/12

    - Children under nine years old should be given booster doses of diptheria tetanus vaccine
    -

    DPT immunization of babies is mandatory Curative: - Bed rest for 2 weeks - Diet: soft food is recommended

    4/22/12

    -Small frequent feeding is advise - fruit juices rich in Vit. C to maintain the alkalinity of the blood and to increase resistnce of the patients - Ice collar applied to the neck - administration of Penicillin

    4/22/12

    COMPLICATIONS
    q

    Myocarditis caused by the action of diptheria toxin on the heart muscles Polynueritis that includes paralysis of the soft palate, ciliary muscle of the eye, pharynx, larynx or extrimities

    4/22/12

    Airway obstruction may lead to death through asphyxiation Cervical adenities Otitis Media Bronchopneumonia

    q q q

    4/22/12

    Schicks Moloney

    test swab

    Throat/nose

    4/22/12

    ** End** Thank you..

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