Regulation of Body Fluids

REGULATION OF
BODY FLUIDS
BY: CROMWELL MAGNO
OBJECTIVES
01
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
02 03
DESCRIBE HOW IS FLUID
THE REGULATION OF DEFINE REGULATION IN TRANSPORTED IN THE
BODY FLUIDS OF PLANTS YOUR OWN TERMS BODY OF THE ANIMALS
AND ANIMALS
04 05 06
DESCRIBE HOW IS FLUID ILLUSTRATE HOW PLANTS EXPLAIN THE
TRANSPORTED IN THE AND ANIMALS USE FLUIDS REGULATION OF BODY
BODY OF THE PLANTS IN THE PROCESSING OF FLUIDS FOR BORTH THE
THEIR BODY SYSTEM PLANTS AND ANIMALS
What is Plants and
Animals?
What is Plant?
• A living organisms that typically

grows in permanent site,
absorbing water, and inorganic
substances through its roots, and
synthesizing nutrients in its
leaves.
What is Animal?
• A living organism that feeds on

organic matter typically have
specialized sense organs and
nervous system and able to
respond rapidly to stimuli.
GROUPS OF ANIMALS
• Mammals
• Birds
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Fish
• invertebrates
Body Fluids
• Refers to any fluid produced by a

living organism.
• Can be classified into two major
types according to location:
intracellular and extracellular
fluid.
THE REGULATION OF BODY
FLUID
Body Fluids
• Liquids originating from inside the bodies of living

humans. They include fluids that are excreted or
secreted from the body.
• Major component of our body that serves a vital
role in our health as a medium for metabolic
reactions.
THE REGULATION OF ANIMAL
BODY FLUID
Homeostasis
• Refers to the generally stable state that exists

within an animal’s body.
• Internal conditions that are maintained
homeostatically are blood glucose levels, body
temperature, and calcium levels in the blood
stream.
• Stimuli and receptors detect changes in the
internal environment; the systems reaction is to
alter its actions in order to bring the value back
closer to its set points.
Osmoregulation
• The process of maintaining a balance between salt

and water in the body is referred to as osmotic
equilibrium across membranes.
• It maintains the fluid balance and the concertation
of electrolyte to keep the fluids from becoming too
diluted or too concentrated.
• Electrolyte-a chemical that, when dissolved in water,
dissociates into ions
Osmotic pressure
• Is a measure of the tendency of

water to move into one solution
from another by osmosis.
• The higher the osmotic pressure
of a solution, the more water tends
to move into it.
Two types of animals based on the
osmolarity of their body fluids in
relation to the environment
Osmoconformers
• Are marine organisms that maintain an internal
environment that is isosmotic to their external
environment.
Two types of animals based on the
osmolarity of their body fluids in
relation to the environment
Osmoregulators
• Tightly regulate their body osmolarity,
maintaining constant internal conditions.
Three types of nitrogenous wastes
excreted by animals
Ammonia – the primary nitrogenous waste for aquatic

invertebrates. It is readily soluble in water.
Urea – produced by mammals, most amphibians, some
reptiles, some fishes, and some terrestrial
invertebrates.
Uric acid – excreted by birds, insects, and other
terrestrial organisms.
EXCRETORY PROCESSES
Excretory system in
invertebrates
Cell surface or cell membrane

• allows passage of wastes in
unicellular organisms.
Excretory system in
invertebrates
Contractile Vacuole
• A specialized cytoplasmic organelle in
many freshwater protists that
expels excess water out of the cell
to prevent lysis.
Excretory system in
invertebrates
Protonephridia or flame bulb system

• Network of tubules that lack
internal opening but have external
openings at the body surface called
nephridiopores.
Excretory system in
invertebrates
Metanephridia
• The excretory tubule of most
annelids and adult mollusks. The
tubular network has a funnel-like
internal opening called nephrostome
that collects body fluids.
Excretory system in
invertebrates
Malpighian tubules
• The excretory tubules of insects
and other terrestrial arthropods
attached to their digestive tract
(midgut).
Excretory system in
mammals
The mammalian urinary system consists

of two kidneys, each with a ureter, a
tube leading to urinary bladder with an
open channel called urethra to the body
surface
Excretory system in
mammals
Mechanism of urine formation
in mammalian nephrons
Urine formation involves

three processes:
• Filtration
• Tubular reabsorption
• Tubular secretion
THE REGULATION OF BODY
FLUID OF PLANTS
Plants
• Plants as a living organism are known for
their production of relatively little waste
because they have less active metabolism
as compared to animals.
• Stomata are the tiny openings found at
the back portion of the leaf to allow the
entrance of water and carbon dioxide into
the plant.
Evapotranspiration
While there are no specific osmoregulatory

organs in higher plants, the stomata are
important in regulating water loss through
evapotranspiration, and on the cellular level,
the vacuole is crucial in regulating the
concentration of solutes in the cytoplasm
Different kinds of Plants
• Mesophytes
• Plants grows in moist soil
• Able to quickly compensate for water lost via
transpiration by absorbing an increased
amount of water.
• Xerophytes
• Plants that survive in dry environments
• Store water in vacuoles
• Have thick cuticles
Different kinds of Plants
• Halophytes
• Plants that live in salty environment.
• Manage not only their water intake and loss
• Hydrophytes
• Plants that grow in or near water or wet
settings and have the ability to absorb water
throughout their whole surface
Thank you!!

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REGULATION OF

• A living organisms that typically

• A living organism that feeds on

• Refers to any fluid produced by a

• Liquids originating from inside the bodies of living

• Refers to the generally stable state that exists

• The process of maintaining a balance between salt

• Is a measure of the tendency of

Ammonia – the primary nitrogenous waste for aquatic

Cell surface or cell membrane

Protonephridia or flame bulb system

The mammalian urinary system consists

Urine formation involves

While there are no specific osmoregulatory

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