First Aid
First Aid
First Aid
PREVENT
ALLEVIATE FURTHER PROLONG
SUFFERING INJURY OR LIFE
DANGER
First aid
Also sometimes measures aim to
One of the main
called prevent the preserve and
objectives is to be
condition from sustain life. Also
able to help
worsening, or to save victims
reduce or totally
danger of further from imminent
alleviate suffering
injury danger.
ROLES OF FIRST AID?
GENTLE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER?
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER?
OBSERVANT
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER?
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER?
EMPHATIC
Should be comforting.
RESPECTABLE
Maintains a
professional and caring
attitude.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
FIRST AIDER?
GENERAL GUIDELINES
ADMINISTERING FIRST AID
GETTING STARTED:
• PLANNING OF ACTION
• GATHERING OF NEEDED
MATERIALS
GETTING STARTED
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
Feel The Carotid pulse using your index and middle finger
Do it for 10 seconds
Information to be
remembered in
activating medical
assistance:
What happened
C
CONSCIOUSNESS
A
AIRWAYS
B
BREATHING C
CIRCULATION
C CONSCIOUSNESS
A AIRWAYS
B BREATHING
C CIRCULATION
CONDITIONS WHEN CPR IS
NEEDED
CYCLE 2:
- 30 compressions
- 2 rescue breaths
And so on and so forth until the 5th cycle.
CPR CYCLES
• Re assess the victim after 5 cycles using the
primary survey.
C A B C
CONSCIOUSNESS AIRWAYS BREATHING CIRCULATION
WHEN TO STOP THE CPR
WHAT IS WOUND?
E
Elevate the affected area. (for extremities) To promote
venous return of blood and avoid pooling in the area.
- It is an injury involving an
external or internal break in
body tissue, usually involving
the skin.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
WOUNDS
PUNCTURE WOUND- usually caused by
sharp object. (examples; needle, ice pick, nail,
and low caliber bullet.
INCISE WOUND – caused by sharp bladed object. With
clean cut. (example; Knife, cutter, razor blade)
LACERATED WOUND – caused by any hard or blunt object.
(example; wood, steel pipe, stone)
ABRASION – a wound resulting from scraping rough
surfaces.
AVULSION – a kind of wound that
involves a forceable separation or
tearing of tissue from the victims’ body.
DANGERS OF AN OPEN
WOUNDS
INSPECT
CONTROL BLEEDING
REFER TO A PHYSICIAN
CLEAN
DISINFECT
Apply topical
antiseptics. Povidone
Iodine or Topical Anti-
bacterials (Mupirocin,
Fusidic Acid)
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
FOR OPEN WOUNDS
• For wounds with mild to moderate bleeding.
DRESS
•Packing
FIRST AID MEASURES
DRESSING – a sterile pad, a compressed sponge that is
applied directly to cover the wound.
USES OF DRESSING:
•To control Bleeding.
•To cover wound and keep out dirt and bacteria
which may cause infection.
•To absorb excess fluid.
•To maintain temperature around the wound.
•To apply medication.
RULES FOR APPLYING DRESSING:
THERMAL BURNS-
caused by direct or
indirect hot objects,
steams or liquids.
Thermal Burns
Classified in to 3 according to depth and
severity
COVER
COVER
PREPARE FOR
EMERGENCY TRANSFER
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURE:
• Deformity
• Tenderness of the affected area.
• Swelling
• Pain
• Presence of protruding bone
• Inability to move the injured part
• Bleeding
• Discoloration of the affected area
First Aid Measures:
• Immobilize fracture by splitting.
• Control bleeding and apply sterile dressing to an
open wound.
• Treat for shock.
• Give pain reliever if pain is severe.
• Avoid unnecessary holding of the injured part.
• Place the patient on a litter and secured the injured
part enough to keep it from moving while he is
transported.
• Evacuate the patient as soon as possible.
SNAKE BITES
Types of Snakes:
Poisonous
Non-poisonous
Physical Characteristics
Poisonous Non-poisonous:
Flat and almost triangular •Oval-shaped head.
head shape. •No sensory pit.
With poison sack. •No fang mark on the
Slit like pupils. bite site.
With sensory pit. •Rounded pupils.
Fang mark on the bite
site.
Thick bodies.
Color markings.
Preventive Measures
• Handle freshly killed venomous snake only with a
long tool or stick. Snake can inflict fatal bites by
reflex action even after death.
• Wear heavy boots and clothing for some
protection from snake bites. Keep this in mind
when exposed to hazardous condition.
• Eliminate conditions under which snake thrive:
brush, piles of trash, rocks or logs and dense
undergrowth. Controlling their foods as much as
possible is also good prevention.
First Aid Measures:
CAUTION:
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CUT OR OPEN THE BITE
NOR SUCK OUT THE VENOM. IF THE VENOM
SHOULD CREEP THROUGH ANY DAMAGED OR
LACERATED TISSUES IN YOUR MOUTH, YOU
COULD IMMEDIATELY LOSE CONSCIOUSNESS OR
EVEN DIE. (Ref: FM 21-11)