2 1moleculestometabolismpptx
2 1moleculestometabolismpptx
2 1moleculestometabolismpptx
1)
IB Diploma Biology
2.1.1 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical
substances involved.
Urea:
Natural Function: Produced as a way of
excreting excess amino acids from body
Despite only being the 15th most abundant element on Carbon atoms contain four
the planet carbon forms the backbone of every single electrons in their outer shell
allowing them to form four
organic molecule.
covalent bonds with potential
four other different atoms, e.g.
methane (CH4)…
Covalent bonds are the strongest type of
bond between atoms. Stable molecules
can be formed.
Carbohydrates
• Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Organic compounds consisting of one or more simple sugars
• Monomers follow the general basic formula of (CH2O)x
• Monomers are commonly ring shaped molecules
Glucose – a hexose
(6 carbon) monomer
Lipids
• Lipids are a group of non-polar organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar
organic solvents
• Common lipids include triglycerides (fats – solid at room temperature and oils – liquid at room
temperature), phospholipids and steroids
2.1.3 Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acids.
Proteins
• Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen (additionally sulphur is
common component, but it is not
present in all proteins)
Nucleic Acids
• Contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen & phosphorus
• Nucleotides consist of
base, sugar and
phosphate groups
covalently bonded
A
sim
m
ato
pl
eH
n
bo
gr
ou
car
p
(α)
The amine
al
group (NH2)
ntr
Ce
The carboxyl
group (COOH)
n.b. this is an
acidic group
What shall we
call this class
of molecule?
2.1.9 Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids
from molecular diagrams.
2.1.6 Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including
the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
2.1.5 Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the
formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
2.1.6 Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including
the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
2.1.5 Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the
formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
A protease hydrolyses a
dipeptide into two
amino acids breaking
the peptide bond
Jason de Nys
Chris Paine