Digital journalism.

Multimediality of online journalism

The four identities types of online journalism to some extent utilize the
key characteristics which include hypertextualiy, multimediality,
interactivity, and immediacy.

Each of these four characteristics make-up online journalism in their

own way.

Multimedia journalism converts readers to collaborators, which

generates greater contact between journalists and their audience.
Audiences are able to access information via more than one platforms
as well as comprehending news information in detail.
Hypertextuality

The problem with hypertext is as one of the founding fathers of

hypertext Ted Nelson writes, that it creates “a delivery system for
separate closed units – a system which allows only embedded links
pointing outwards”. What one has to realize is that texts,
interconnected through links - hyperlinks – can refer internally to the
other texts within text’s domain or externally to texts located
elsewhere on the internet.

Effective use of internal and external hyperlinks is a basic element

of a good online media production. It enables journalists to refer
their readers to all kinds of background or related information,
ranging over documents, illustrations, sources, multiple perspectives
on a particular topic and so on.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/201
5/dec/14/washington-post-bids-farewell-
to-office-where-it-broke-watergate

https://www.theguardian.com/world/202
3/jan/29/israel-to-take-punitive-steps-aga
inst-palestinians-after-deadly-attacks

https://tengrinews.kz/events/chp-baze-ot
dyiha-aktobe-poyavilos-video-naezda-sn
egohoda-489753
/
 Multimediality

Multimediality means the extent to which text,

graphics, sound, voice and images (still and
moving) are translated and integrated into a
common digital form. The internet provides
opportunity to journalists to present non-linear
types of storytelling by using hypertextuality
and multimediality in an innovative way

One of the important implications of multimedia

is that the online journalist will learn how to
work with these different formats. For this
writing, the journalist will also need the skills to
decide for each story that which part of parts of
the story will consist of text and which one will
carry audio and visual elements.

https://tengrinews.kz/cinema/obyyavlenyi-oblad
ateli-premii-oskar-2022-465062/
Interactivity

Interactivity is the process of two people or things working together and influencing each other
that is the ability of a computer to respond to a user’s input. In online journalism interactivity is
subdivided into three types: navigational interactivity, functional interactivity, and adaptive
interactivity.

Observing interactive options in news sites it is noted that there is a sheer absence or rather the
fact that most sites do not develop interactivity beyond functional and navigational levels. The
most sophisticated level of interactivity is adaptive meaning that it allows the web site to adapt to
itself, and the behaviour of the visiting surfer. Its revealed that the more interactive opportunities
websites give to users, the more involved the users will feel about the website.

Mainstream news sites usually operate on internal hypertextuality with mainly navigate
interactivity.

These sites don’t usually apply multimedia, unless they specifically intend to index images. This
could be seen as serving as some kind of accountability one could argue: allowing the surfer to
submit a feedback or comment to the people responsible for the metasite.
Immediacy

Immediacy is the quality of bringing into direct and instant involvement with something, giving
rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.

The basic concept of immediacy is that it means there is theory, virtually no lag between when
information is received or created at a news producer and when the information is passed on to
the news consumers. This is possible because of two related features.

First, the information is digital and can be easily moulded continuously and secondly that the
information is not distributed as far as web is concerned.

Rather than being pushed out to the audience all the time, the audience should seek up a
database that presents the information to the audience. That means the information will not leave
the producer entirely unless someone downloads the website and the information can therefore
be worked on continuously.
Multimediality

Web designer Tim Guay has written as early as 1995 about the inherent pitfalls of applying
multimedia content to Web sites: "if multimedia is used with no thought as to the reasons why it
is being used, or it has poor lay-out or content it can result in a pointless aesthetic fiasco that
needlessly hogs bandwidth" (1995: p. 5). Accepting for a moment that bandwidth and copyrights
are still two structural factors that impede progress in developing innovative multimedia content,
one can observe the problems media companies have to integrate their traditional newsroom
with the Web editorial team, let alone reaching out and integrate content (or even 'virtual'
newsrooms) with other content providers. This can be understood if one distinguishes
multimediality in news sites as a result of convergence of media modalities (where multimedia
can be seen as the sum of different media formats), or as a divergent paradigm (where all parts
of the site are developed from a multimedia starting point, offering the end-user several ways
into and through the site's contents).

Even though very few Web sites are in fact employing multimedia, most of the news sites that
do, do so from a convergent perspective (CNN and BBC are good examples). Those who are
clearly divergent are often products outside of the mainstream (such as Rockstargames).
Multimedia: Decades Old
Multimedia is the concurrent use of multiple presentation media to communicate a message. It can be as
simple as using still pictures and narration. Basic multimedia presentations — filmstrips with audio-tape
accompaniment, multi-projector audio/visual presentations featured in large convention halls, even sound-
and-motion pictures and videos — have been produced for decades. The only real difference is that on the
Web multimedia is slower because of the relatively slow transmission rates of the data needed for
displaying the presentations on a computer screen. But as those rates increase — and it seems they do
every month — the best content on the Web will begin to look more and more like a form of multimedia that
is anything but new, television

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2022/apr/21/russia-ukraine-war-putin-today-in-focus
The Convergence of the Web and TV
The computer and the TV are going to converge in an information-access system that will be like
interactive cable television. Reader/viewers will be able to pick and choose what they want to watch or hear
— down to the specific news or information item — at the moment they want it.

The technology and the resources are available right now to newspaper publishers: Simple multimedia
enhancements can be produced quickly and cheaply with existing hardware and software.
Active-multimedia content is missing from these media outlets primarily because the professionals who
could create it for newspaper and magazine publishers are also missing. Few among those newspaper and
magazine managers, designers or photojournalists — even those who have enough technological moxie to
handle these new jobs — also know anything about how to produce a video or multimedia presentation.
https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-61185469
Audio/visual presentation of the news.

It would be wonderful to hear that newspaper editor call for something as simple as even a three-frame
animated gif showing before, during and after shots of the building. Or for sound bites from the mayor or
others at the scene. It wouldn't have to be full-motion video and sound. But it would be something multimedia.

That type of simple multimedia enhancement could be incorporated into Web sites today: It doesn't
appreciably slow download times, and it doesn't require a huge investment. The Mac software that creates
animated GIFs, Gif Builder, is available free. Search C-Net's Shareware.Com and other download sites for
free or cheap Windows animated Gif-creation shareware. Simple sound recording and editing software is
included with both the Mac and Windows operating systems. Supply the creativity, and you're off.

https://tengrinews.kz/events/jenschina-edva-ne-utonula-na-kaspii-489760/
https://tengrinews.kz/story/uje-proshla-dosmotr-neojidannuyu-nahodku-sdelali-proverke-489765/
Editorial illustration is an illustration created to better express an idea from the text, usually used in
a book, magazine, newspaper, or web resources.
There are many types of illustrations, and editorial is just one of them. Although all illustrations are
made to describe a particular idea, editorial illustrations always accompany the text. The main aim of
this type of illustration is not just to sell something and draw attention (like packaging or advertising
illustrations) but to add imagery to the text and better express the idea and overall mood.
https://www.thoughtco.com/adding-images-to-web-pag
es-3466488
 Digital journalism tools
The Internet has changed the craft
of journalism dramatically.
Although the basics of good
reporting remain the same, digital
media tools have opened up new
ways of working for sourcing
information and publishing
journalism.
 Gathering ideas

Journalists need to keep track of what is happening in their areas of interest, and the Internet has
given us instant access to information about what's happening the world over, not just locally.
One of the more simple tools to use is Google Alerts, which allows you to keep track of the topics
that interest you by specifying words or phrases that appear in news stories and other articles
online. Both of these options can allow you to develop areas of special interest.
But Twitter is by far the best way to find out about most events in the news — and what opinion
leaders are saying about them. You can track what is being said by the people or organisations you
are following, but perhaps more useful is the ability to track a topic with a hash tag, such as
#climatechange. Hash tags are also great for following conferences you cannot attend, such as
#AAAS (the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science), as
well as tapping into the community of people who are attending or interested in the area.
Topsy, which describes itself as a social media index, is one of the best places to find out what
people are saying about a topic. You can search it for tweets, photos and videos. Another nice
Topsy feature is a free analytics tool that allows you to compare trends and mentions of subjects,
which can be useful in identifying what people are interested in and which topics are hitting the
news agenda.
 Organising your research

First, keep your data safe and accessible. I use Dropbox, a service that allows you to store files remotely 'in the cloud’.
You can access files from anywhere, you can carry on working wherever you are. There are many other backup services
available.
Evernote is a useful tool for planning articles and for organising information. You can use it to store all the photos,
audio/video files, web links and notes about an article in one handy 'notebook' during the planning stage, and share these
notebooks with others if you are collaborating on a project. You can use it on your computer, smartphone and many other
electronic devices, so you can update a notebook wherever you are.
If you are getting confused about how all your data is related, you may find Dipity useful, as it organises your information
by date and time.
Pinterest offers those who prefer a visual pinboard a great way to store web pages that you would like to revisit when
researching an article. Delicious and Pinboard are also popular bookmarking services — as well as allowing you to save
webpages in the way you would in your brower's 'favourites', Delicious and Pinboard allow you to 'tag' bookmarks with
keywords. This can be useful as you can tag them in relation to specific articles, or to areas of science that you are
monitoring.
If you come across interesting articles but struggle to read them at the time, or would rather read them on a different
device such as an e-book reader, Instapaper is great.
Storify also offers a good way to collate the information you are working on until you are ready to use it. You can drag
and drop information from various sources into a timeline. You can do this simply for your own use while writing an
article (like a form of outlining) and also for publication. This Storify timeline gives an idea of how it can work, and we'll
talk more about publishing Storify timelines in the 'New ways of publishing' section.
 New ways of publishing

A game changer for journalists is the blog, as it has given us a simple way to publish
our own copy. Google Blogger and WordPress are the easiest and most popular
platforms.
There is rarely much money in blogging, but you may find that you enjoy being free
from editors — remember though that you have sole responsibility for fact-checking
and considering libel issues.
When it comes to 'microblogging', SM rules once again. It provides a new role for
journalists, as many people follow us because we can be 'curators' of content,
directing readers towards the important news of the day and other information.
This is also where tools such as Storify and Dipity come in - as well as using them in
writing articles, you can also produce a Storify timeline using social media mentions
and Dipity timelines of your material, essentially curating the content for your
audience.
 Using audio, video and photos

You can also self-publish much more than written words now too. Smartphones
have made recording voice and video, and taking photographs, much easier; you
can use them to produce content that's more than good enough for your own
blog. And news outlets are increasingly carrying such multimedia reporting, so
you can offer them externally too.

Free tools include Soundcloud, for creating podcasts, and Audioboo, which
makes recording and sharing soundclips much easier. There are also a number of
free picture-editing tools: Instagram and Pixlr are just two of many. You can
then embed these multimedia elements into web stories or blog posts.
Blogging Tools

Cover it live - live blogging tool

Wordpress - free website and blog tool
Blogs
KISSmetrics - 40 Advanced and
Alternative Search Engines
Poynter Digital Tools Catalog
Online Journalism Review - (OJR) from
the Knight Digital Media Center
Visualize.tumblr.com - a blog about
visualization
Aggregated Data
Google Data Set Search
Quandl
❖ Website Data and Statistics

CrunchBase offers insight into your favorite online brands and companies.
Listings will tell you people who are associated with a company, contact
information, related videos, screenshots, and more.

Quantcast allows you to search for website profiles based on topic or specific
domains

BuiltWith allows you to search for domains and see the technology they use,
including analytics, content management systems, coding, and widgets.
 Data Visualization Tools

Computer World's 30+Free Tools for Data Visualization and Analysis

Google Chart Tools
Google Maps API
Infogr.am
Chartio
Datawrapper
Modest Maps
Polymaps
OpenLayers
Kartograph