QUARTER 1

MUSIC of the
20th
CENTURY
Week 1
Prayer
Good Morning
Grade 10 !
Welcome to our MUSIC class 

Are you ready?

 LOOP A WORD
Loop or encircle the 9 words associated with music. You can find
them in vertical, horizontal and diagonal position.
N Q B W O N F R D D You have 5 minutes to do this
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activity. Ready?
L Q E E Z Y M B H A
R S X M E L O D Y M
M E T E R V N X T I
X Z U F G O F C H C
H A R M O N Y H M L
Y T E V O L U M E W
7 Elements of Music
Harmony
Volume
Meter
Timbre
Dynamic
Melody
Rhythm
 MUSIC of the 20th
CENTURY

IMPRESSIONISM
 IMPRESSIONISM
• As the world entered the 20th century, a new era in music was introduced and
impressionism was one of the earliest musical forms that paved way to this
modern era. Impressionism is a French movement in the late 19th and early
20th century. The sentimental melodies and dramatic emotionalism of the
preceding Romantic Period whose themes and melody are easy to recognize
and enjoy, were being replaced in favor of moods and impressions. Features of
Impressionism music are as follows:
• The use of "color", or in musical terms, timbre, which can be achieved
through orchestration, harmonic usage, texture, etc. (Timbre is known as the
tone color or tone quality)
• New combinations of extended chords, harmonies, whole tone, chromatic
scales, and pentatonic scales emerged.
• Impressionism was an attempt not to depict reality, but merely to suggest it.
 CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862–1918)
• Claude Debussy (Klod Deh-boo-see) was one of the most influential and leading composers of the 20th century. He
was the principal exponent of the impressionist movement and the inspiration for other impressionist composers.
• He was born on August 22, 1862 in a small town called St. Germain-en-Layein in France. In 1884, he won the top
prize at the Prix de Rome competition with his composition L’Enfant Prodigue (The Prodigal Son).
• He was known as the “Father of the Modern School of Composition” and made his impact in the styles of the later
20th century composer like Igor Stravinsky. Debussy’s mature creative period was exemplified by the following
works:
• String Quartet
• La Mer (1905)-a highly imaginative and atmospheric symphonic work for orchestra
about the sea
• Première Arabesque
• Claire de Lune (Moonlight)-The third and most famous movement of Suite
bergamasque.
• Pelleas et Melisande (1895)—his famous operatic work that drew mixed poulencextreme
reactions for its innovative harmonies and textural treatments.
 The most remarkable composition of Debussy
is Claire De Lune. Have you watched the
Hollywood movie hit Twilight Saga? Try to
recall its sentimental sound tracks. One of them
is Claire De Lune.
Here is a video of different movies where Debussy’s
Claire De Lune was used. Watch and enjoy the
music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGOUnB4o1kQ
 Answer the following:
1. Why do you think does Claire de Lune is used in many of
these movies?
2. If you were Claude Debussy and knowing that your
composition is used in movies like this, what would you feel?
Why?
3. How did the music affect your mood or feelings while
listening to it.
 MAURICE RAVEL (1875–1937)
• Joseph Maurice Ravel was born in Ciboure, France to a Basque mother and a Swiss father. At age 14, he
entered the Paris Conservatory where he was musically nurtured by a prominent French composer, Gabriel
Faure. The compositional style of Ravel is mainly characterized by its distinctively innovative but not
atonal style (music that is written in a way that is not based on any particular key) of harmonic treatment.
• His works are defined with intricate and sometimes modal melodies and extended chordal components. It
demands considerable technical virtuosity from the performer which is the character, ability, or skill of a
virtuoso—a person
• who is exemplary in musical technique or execution.
• Ravel’s works include the following:
• Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)
• String Quartet (1903)
• Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)
• Rhapsodie Espagnole
• Bolero 
 MUSIC of the 20th
CENTURY

EXPRESSIONISM
 EXPRESSIONISM
• The term “Expressionism" was originally used in visual and literary arts
and was probably first applied to music in 1918, especially to
Schoenberg because like the painter Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), he
veered away from "traditional forms of beauty" to convey powerful
feelings in his music. Features of expressionism music are as follows:
• a high degree of dissonance (dissonance is the quality of sounds that
seems unstable)
• extreme contrasts of dynamics (from pianissimo to fortissimo, very
soft to very loud)
• constant changing of textures
• "distorted" melodies and harmonies
• angular melodies with wide leaps
 ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874–
1951)
• Arnold Schoenberg was born on September 13, 1874 in a working-class suburb of
Vienna, Austria. He taught himself music theory but took lessons in counterpoint. His
works was greatly influenced by the German composer Richard Wagner as evident in
his symphonic poem Pelleas et Melisande, Op. 5 (1903), a counterpoint of Debussy’s
opera of the same title.
• His works include the following:
• Verklarte Nacht
• Three Pieces for Piano, op. 11
• Pierrot Lunaire
• Violin Concerto
• Skandalkonzert, a concert of the Wiener Konzertverein.
• Although full of melodic and lyrical
interest, his music was also extremely
complex, creating heavy demands on
the listener. He experienced
Triskaidekaphobia (fear of number 13).
Schoenberg died on July 13, 1951 in
Los Angeles, California, USA where he
had settled since 1934.
Other Musical
Styles
 PRIMITIVISM
Primitivism has links to Exoticism through the use
of materials from other cultures, Nationalism
through the use of materials indigenous to specific
countries, and Ethnicism through the use of
materials from European ethnic groups. Two well-
known proponents of this style were Stravinsky
and Bela Bartok. It eventually evolved into Neo-
classicism.
 IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882–1971)
• He was born in Oranienbaum (now Lomonosov), Russia on June 17, 1882. Stravinsky’s
early music reflected the influence of his teacher, the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-
Korsakov. But in his first notable composition “The Firebird Suite (1910)” which was
composed for Diaghilev’s Russian Ballet, his skillful handling of material and rhythmic
inventiveness went beyond anything written by his Russian predecessors. He added a new
ingredient to his nationalistic musical style. The Rite of Spring (1913) was another
outstanding work showcasing his new technique.
• Stravinsky wrote approximately 127 works, including concerti,
orchestral music, instrumental music, operas, ballets, solo vocal, and
choral music.
• Other acclaimed works by Stravinsky includes:
• Ballet Petrouchka (1911), featuring shifting rhythms and
polytonality, a signature device of the composer
• The Nightingale (1914)
 BELA BARTOK (1881–1945)
• Bela Bartok was born in Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary (now Romania) on March 25,
1881, to musical parents. He started piano lessons with his mother and later entered
Budapest Royal Academy of Music in 1899. He was inspired by the performance of
Richard Strauss’s Also Sprach Zarathustra to write his first nationalistic poem,
Kossuth in 1903. He was a concert pianist as he travelled exploring the music of
Hungarian peasants.
• Bartok is most famous for his Six String Quartets (1908–1938).
The Concerto for Orchestra (1943), a five-movement work composed
late in Bartok’s life, features the exceptional talents of its various
soloists in an intricately constructed piece.
 NEO-CLASSICISM
Neo-classicism was a moderating factor between
the emotional excesses of the Romantic period and
the violent impulses of the soul in expressionism. It
was, in essence, a partial return to an earlier style
of writing, particularly the tightly-knit form of the
Classical period, while combining tonal harmonies
with slight dissonances. It also adopted a modern,
freer use of the seven-note diatonic scale.
 SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891–1953)
• Sergei Prokofieff is regarded today as a combination of neo-classicist, nationalist, and
Avant Garde composer.
• Born in the Ukraine in 1891, Prokofieff set out for the St. Petersburg Conservatory
equipped with his great talent as a composer and pianist.
• His contacts with Diaghilev and Stravinsky gave him the chance to
write music for the ballet and opera, notably the ballet Romeo and
Juliet and the opera War and Peace.
• He became prolific in writing symphonies, chamber music,
concerti, and solo instrumental music. He also wrote Peter and the
Wolf, a light hearted orchestral work intended for children, to
appease the continuing government crackdown on Avant Garde
composers at the time.
 Let’s have an activity.
IDENTIFICATION
Read the statements carefully and choose the correct answer.
Choose the letter of your corresponding answers.
You have 5 minutes to answer this
activity.
The link is provided in you
GClassroom.

https://tinyurl.com/Act-1-Music-Q1
New Musical Styles
ELECTRONIC
MUSIC
 Electronic Music
The ability of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers, tape recorders,
and loudspeakers to produce different sounds was popularized by 20th-century
notable composers.
Musique concrete, or concrete music is a music that uses the tape recorder. Any
sound that the composer will hear in his surroundings will be recorded. These sounds
are arranged by the composer in different ways, like playing the tape recorder in its
fastest mode or reverse. In musique concrete, the composer can experiment with
different sounds that cannot be produced by regular musical instruments such as the
piano or the violin.
The first electronic devices for performing music were developed at the end of
the 19th century, and shortly afterward, Italian futurists explored sounds that had not
been considered musical.
 EDGARD VARESE (1883–1965)
He was born on December 22, 1883, Edgard (also spelled Edgar)
Varèse was considered an "innovative French-born composer." He
pioneered and created new sounds that bordered between music and noise
and spent his life and career mostly in the United States.
His musical compositions are characterized by:
• an emphasis on timbre and rhythm; and
• "organized sound" (certain timbres and rhythms can be
grouped together in order to capture a whole new definition of
sound).
 EDGARD VARESE (1883–1965)
Varèse's is considered as the "Father of Electronic Music," and use of new
instruments and electronic resources. He was also dubbed as the
"Stratospheric Colossus of Sound." He died on November 6, 1965.
Varèse's Poème Électronique is one of the first compositions that
was created through the use of technology. It's an 8-minute piece
written in 1958. Varèse composed the piece with the intention of
creating a liberation between sounds and, as a result, uses noises
not usually considered "musical" throughout the piece.
 KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN (1928– 2007)
• Karlheinz Stockhausen is a central figure in the realm of electronic
music. Born in Cologne, Germany, he had the opportunity to work
with Messiaen, Schoenberg, and Webern, the principal innovators at
the time. Together with Pierre Boulez, Stockhausen drew inspiration
from these composers as he developed his style of total serialism.
• Stockhausen’s music was initially met with resistance due to its
heavily atonal content with practically no clear melodic
or rhythmic sense. Still, he continued to
experiment with musique concrete.
 KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN (1928– 2007)

Some of his works include:

• Gruppen (1957)
• Kontakte (1960)
• Hymnen (1965) and
• Licht (Light)
 Chance Music
• Chance Music also known as Aleatoric music refers to a style which
the piece always sounds differently at every performance because of the
random techniques of production, including the use of ring modulators
or natural elements that become a part of the music. Most of the sounds
emanate from the surroundings, both natural and man-made, such as
honking cars, rustling leaves, blowing wind, dripping water, or a ringing
phone.
• An example of Chance music is John Cage’s Four Minutes and Thirty-
Three Seconds (4’33") where the pianist merely opens the piano lid and
keeps silent for the duration of the piece. The audience hears a variety
of noises inside and outside the concert hall amidst the seeming silence.
Here is an example of a Chance Music
 Let’s have another activity.
IDENTIFICATION
Read the statements carefully and choose the correct answer.
Choose the letter of your corresponding answers.
You have 3 minutes to answer this
activity.
The link is provided in you
GClassroom.

https://tinyurl.com/Act-2-Music-Q1
 Performance Task
• Prepare the art materials available at home.
• Think about the different sceneries in our community (Windmill, Pililla Church,
Mt. Sambrano etc.)
• Using your cellphone or any device, play your favorite OPM music.
• Listen to it and try to make a reflection of its musicality and lyrics while thinking
about the sceneries.
• After viewing your reflections in mind, put them into a meaningful work of art.
(poster, painting, drawing etc.)
• You can use the title of the song as your artwork title, or you can give your own
title.
• Do it on a short bond paper.
Performance Task
Rubrics

Upload your
outputs here.
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1-
A8YbP9cYWCmKO-
q82Sef6MKrPYVSOm5?usp=sharing
 REFLECTION
• What I have learned about the 20th Century Music is
_______________________.
• The musical style that I like the most is ______________.
Because ______________________________________
____________________________________________.

20 TH
CENTURY MUSIC
THANK YOU!
For listening.

God Bless and

Stay Safe.