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    Speech Act

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    Altyn Ay
    Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how people use language to perform actions through their utterances. A speech act can be divided into a locutionary act (the literal meaning of the words), an illocutionary act (the intention or action performed), and a perlocutionary act (the effect on the listener). There are five main types of speech acts: commissives which commit the speaker to future actions, directives which try to get the listener to do something, representatives which assert truths, expressives which express psychological states, and declarations which change external statuses.

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    Speech Act

    Uploaded by

    Altyn Ay
    26 views14 pages
    Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how people use language to perform actions through their utterances. A speech act can be divided into a locutionary act (the literal meaning of the words), an illocutionary act (the intention or action performed), and a perlocutionary act (the effect on the listener). There are five main types of speech acts: commissives which commit the speaker to future actions, directives which try to get the listener to do something, representatives which assert truths, expressives which express psychological states, and declarations which change external statuses.

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    SpeechAct (1)

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    Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how people use language to perform actions through their utterances. A speech act can be divided into a locutionary act (the literal meaning of the words), an illocutionary act (the intention or action performed), and a perlocutionary act (the effect on the listener). There are five main types of speech acts: commissives which commit the speaker to future actions, directives which try to get the listener to do something, representatives which assert truths, expressives which express psychological states, and declarations which change external statuses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    26 views14 pages

    Speech Act

    Uploaded by

    Altyn Ay
    Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how people use language to perform actions through their utterances. A speech act can be divided into a locutionary act (the literal meaning of the words), an illocutionary act (the intention or action performed), and a perlocutionary act (the effect on the listener). There are five main types of speech acts: commissives which commit the speaker to future actions, directives which try to get the listener to do something, representatives which assert truths, expressives which express psychological states, and declarations which change external statuses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    SPEECH ACTS

    in pragmatics

    Almassova Altynay
    Nauryzbaeva Zhyldyzay
    Pragmatics
     Pragmatics is language in context and the
    influence of situation on meaning; the rules
    of language use, including how sentences fit
    into a larger discourse and non-linguistic
    context.
     Pragmatics studies language in context and
    the influence of situation on meaning
    SPEECH ACTS THEORY
     Speech-act theory is a subfield of pragmatics.
     A speech act is an action performed by means of
    language
     Ex.:
     describing something (“It is snowing”)
     asking a question (“It is snowing”)
     making a request or order (“Could you pass the
    salt?” , “Drop your weapon or I’ll shoot you!”)
     making promise (“I promise I’ll give it back.”)
    Speech acts
     People use language with communicative
    intentions.
     Speech acts are acts of communication
    that express those intentions.
     A speech act can be divided into three different smaller
    acts: locutionary act
     illocutionary act
     perlocutionary act

    J.L.Auston
    Speech acts
     Locutions: the utterance act. Sentences have a grammatical
    structure and a literal linguistic meaning; the bald, literal force of
    the act: what did the person say? (Not, what did the person mean?)
     Illocution: the speaker's intention of what is to be accomplished
    by the speech act.
    Compare: How'd you like to hand me that bag? (locution: a
    question) has the illocutionary force of a command:
    namely: Hand me the bag!
    Perlocutionary acts, on the other hand, bring about a consequence
    to the audience. They have an effect on the hearer, in feelings,
    thoughts, or actions, for example, changing someone's mind
    PERFORMATIVE VERBS
     I assert the Prime Minister is out of the country.
     I ask when and where is the lecture?
     I order you to stand up.
     I request that you carry my bags
     I warn you that there’s a spider on your shoulder.
    These sentences have verbs that state the speech act.
    These verbs are called performative verbs.
    These verbs can be used to perform the acts they name.
    Speech Act Types
     Commissives
     Directives
     Representatives
     Expressives
     Declarations
    Commissives
    The speaker commits himself to a future course of action

    I’ll be back (promises, threats, pledges – what we intend to


    do)
    Directives
     The speaker tries to make the hearer do
    something

    Don’t touch that (commands, orders, suggestions)


    REPRESENTATIVES

    The speaker asserts a proposition to be true.

    It was a warm sunny day. John is a liar.


    Expressives
     Expressions of the speaker’s psychological
    state about something.

     I’m really sorry. Happy birthday!


    (statements of pleasure, joy, sorrow, etc.)
    Declarations
    The speaker changes the external status.

    I pronounce you man and wife. I name this


    cat…
    References:
     Victoria A. Fromkin. (2000). An Introduction Into Linguistics.
    pp. 708-709 \
     All about Linguistics. (2018). Retrieved from https://all-about-
    linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/pragmatics/what-
    is-pragmatics/
     Nordquist Richard. (2019). Speech Acts in Linguistics. Retrieved
    from https://www.thoughtco.com/speech-act-linguistics-1692119
     H.Schiffman. (1997). Speech acts and conversation. Retrieved from
    https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/edling/handouts/speechacts/spc
    hax2.html
    Thank you for your attention!

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