Security Level: Internal

ODP100002 TCP/IP
Protocol and Subnet
Planning
ISSUE 1.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

  Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Understand the relation and difference between

TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model
 Describe function of layers of TCP/IP
 Describe classification of IP addresses
 Plan subnet by IP addresses

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 Chapter 1 TCP/IP

Chapter 2 Subnet Planning

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TCP/IP and OSI Model
 TCP/IP has simple hierarchical design

 In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.

OSI reference model TCP/IP

7 Application layer
Application layer
6 Presentation layer

5 Conversation layer

4 Transport layer Transport layer

3 Network layer Interconnection layer

2 Data link layer Data link layer

1 Physical layer Physical layer

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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Application HTTP, Telnet, FTP, Provide application program

Layer TFTP, Ping, etc network interfaces

TCP/UDP Establish terminal to

Transport Layer
terminal connection
Interconnection ICMP
Layer
IP ARP/RARP
Addressing and
route selecting
Ethernet, 802.3, PPP,
Data link Layer HDLC, FR, etc Physical media access

Interfaces and Binary data flow transmission

Physical Layer
wires/cables

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Data Encapsulation Mode

TELNET FTP SMTP TFTP

23 20/21 25 69
TCP/UDP
6/17
IP PACKETS
FRAMES
BITS

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Application Layer

 File transfer

 FTP, TFTP
 Mail service

 SMTP, POP3
 Network management

 SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert

 Network service

 HTTP, DNS, WINS

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Transport Layer Overview

Application layer TCP

Transport layer
UDP
Network layer

Data Link layer

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TCP/UDP Header Format
0 8 16 24 31
16 bits source port 16 bits destination port
16 bits UDP length 16 bits UDP checksum
Data

UDP header format

0 8 16 24 31
16 bits source port 16 bits destination port
32 bits sequence number
32 bits acknowledge number
offset Reserved(6 bits
UR

SY
PS
ST

16 bits window size

G

C
K

N
R

FI
H

16 bits TCP checksum 16 bits urgent pointer

Options
Data

TCP header format

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Port Number

 TCP protocol uses port numbers to mark and distinguish various application programs.

HTTP FTP Telnet SMTP DNS TFTP SNMP

80 20/21 23 25 53 69 161
Sock
et

TCP UDP

IP data packet

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TCP Connection

SYN(seq=
a)
server
client
k= a+ 1 )
N ( seq =b,ac
S Y

ACK(seq=b+1
)

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TCP Disconnection

FIN(seq=
a )
server
client
e q = a + 1 )
A CK( s

c k= a +1）
(s e q =b ,a
FIN
ACK(seq=b+1
)

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Slide Window

len 1024
win4096
len 1024
win4096
len 1024
To modify the win4096
len 1024 The sender
win4096 is too fast
widows size
win2048
ack 4097
len 1024
win4096
len 1024
win4096

win2048
ack 6145
len 1024
win4096
len 1024
win4096

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Network Layer Overview

Application layer

IP
Transport layer
ARP
Network layer
RARP

Data Link layer

ICMP

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IP Header Format
0 4 8 16 31
Message Total length
Version Service type
length

Identification Flag Chip offset

Time to live Protocol Message header checksum

Source IP address

Destination IP address

IP options

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ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
This is my Ethernet
address 00-E0-FC-00-
00-12
IP:10.0.0.1/24
MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00- ARP Reply IP:10.0.0.2/24
11 MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-12

I need the
Ethernet
address of
10.0.0.2
ARP Request?

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RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Your IP address is
10.0.0.1

Diskless RARP Reply

workstation RARP Server

What is my
IP address?
RARP Request?

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ICMP: Internet Control Messages Protocol

I am here.
A B
ICMP Echo Reply

Is B
accessible?
ICMP Echo Request

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 Chapter 1 TCP/IP

Chapter 2 Subnet Planning

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Introduction to IP Address

 IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment

 Private IP addresses
10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255

10.110.192.111 20.130.188.144

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Classification of IP Addresses

0 Network(7bit) Host(24bit) Class A

1 0 Network(14bit) Host(16bit) Class B

1 1 0 Network(21bit) Host(8bit) Class C

1 1 1 0 Multicast address Class D

1 1 1 1 0 Reserved Class E

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Special IP Addresses

Network Address
Host part Use
part type
Network Representing a network
Any Completely“0”
address Segment

Broadcast All the nodes of a Specially

Any Completely“1”
address designated network segment

Loop back
127 any Loop test
address
Huawei Quidway router us
All ed
Completely“0”
networks
Designate default routes
Broadcast All nodes of
Completely“1”
address Local network segment

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Addressing without Subnet

 Using nature mask

 Class B segment 172.16.0.0 with mask 255.255.0.0

172.16.30.1 172.16.28.1

Ethernet

172.16.30.10

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Addressing with Subnets

 Class B segment 172.16.0.0

172.16.4.1
255.255.255.0

Ethernet

Ethernet
172.16.8.1
255.255.255.0

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 Subnet Planning

201.222.5.8
201.222.5.9
255.255.255.248 255.255.255.248
201.222.5.0
255.255.255.0 201.222.5.16
201.222.5.17
255.255.255.248 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.24
201.222.5.25
255.255.255.248 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.32 201.222.5.33
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248

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Example of Planning Class B

Subnet address 172.16.2.0

Host address 172.16.2.1 － 172.16.2.254

Broadcast address 172.16.2.255

IP host address 172.16.2.120

Subnet mask 255.255.255.0

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Example of Planning Class C

Subnet address 192.168.5.0

Host address 192.168.5.121-192.168.5.126

Broadcast address 192.168.5.127

IP host address 192.168.5.121

Subnet mask 255.255.255.248

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VLSM: Variable Length Subnet Mask

192.168.1.32/27

192.168.1.160/30

192.168.1.64/27

192.168.1.164/30
ISP
192.168.1.168/30
Announce
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.96/27

192.168.1.172/30
192.168.1.128/27

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CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing

 CIDR reduces scale of routing table and enhances network extensibility.

198.168.1.0

Announce route 198.168.2.0

Internet 198.168.0.0/16

ISP
198.168.3.0

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Summary

 TCP/IP stack and OSI reference model

Summary  Protocols of TCP/IP stack

 Principle of IP subnet planning

 Example of planning IP subnet

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Thank You
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