Cardiovascular and Respiratory System
Cardiovascular and Respiratory System
Cardiovascular and Respiratory System
Respiratory Systems
Human Respiratory System
Functions:
Works closely with circulatory
system, exchanging gases
between air and blood:
Takes up oxygen from air and supplies it to blood
(for cellular respiration).
Removal and disposal of carbon dioxide from blood
(waste product from cellular respiration).
Structure
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Human Respiratory System Organs
1. Nose: Air
enters nostrils
then filtered by
hairs, warmed,
moistened, and
sampled for
odors as it flows
through a maze
of nasal
passages.
Human Respiratory System Organs
2. Pharynx
(Throat):
Intersection
where pathway
for air and food
cross. Most of the
time, the pathway
for air is open,
except when we
swallow.
3. Larynx (Voice
Box): Reinforced
with cartilage.
Contains vocal
cords, which
allow us to make
sounds by
voluntarily
tensing muscles.
Human Respiratory System
4. Trachea
(Windpipe): Rings
of cartilage
maintain shape of
trachea, to
prevent it from
closing. Forks
into two bronchi.
Human Respiratory System
5. Bronchi: Each
bronchus leads
into a lung and
branches into
smaller and
smaller
bronchioles,
resembling an
inverted tree.
Human Respiratory System
6. Bronchioles: Fine
tubes that allow
passage of air.
Epithelium of
bronchioles is
covered with cilia
and mucus to trap
and remove dust
and other
particles.
Human Respiratory System
7 . Alveoli: air
sacs at the end
of bronchioles
where gas
exchange takes
place.
The Human Respiratory System
Pulmonary
vein
Capillaries
Gas Exchange
Gas exchange takes place
O2
in the alveoli.
Oxygen diffuses into the
blood.
CO2
Carbon dioxide in the blood
diffuses into the alveolus.
Let’s examine th
is up close
Capillary
How does the body use
oxygen?
Oxygen is for respiration.
In biology, respiration means different things.
Cellular respiration is the release of energy
from the breakdown of food in the presence
of oxygen
Exhalation
Parts of the Respiratory
system
Diseases of the Respiratory
System
Asthma: Condition in which breathing is
impaired by constriction of bronchi and
bronchioles, cough, and thick mucus
secretions. The severity and incidence of
asthma has risen dramatically in recent
years, especially in children. May be fatal if
not treated.
Causes: Attacks may be precipitated by
inhalation of allergens (e.g.: pollen, cats,
and cockroach proteins), pollutants,
infection, or emotional stress.
Treatment: Alleviates symptoms (e.g.:
immuno-suppressors, bronchodilators), but is
not a cure.
Bronchitis: Inflammation of the mucous
membranes of the bronchi. May present
with cough, fever, chest or back pain, and
fatigue.
Causes: Associated with smoking, pollution,
and bacterial or viral infections.
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve valve
a. ARTERY
b. VEIN
c. CAPILLARY
The ARTERY
Arteries have strong, muscular walls to carry blood away
from the heart.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.
The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
plasma hormones
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
What makes up our blood?
RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – The most abundant
cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and
contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our
cells.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – They are part of
the immune system and destroy infectious agents called
pathogens.
PLASMA – This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that
contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones,
clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight
infection.
PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The clotting factors that are
carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called
coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.
Blood Facts
http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html
Cardiovascular Disorders