NEUROLOGY I Introduction
NEUROLOGY I Introduction
NEUROLOGY I Introduction
Castillo
• Review neuroanatomy
• Understand the concepts of localization
• Apply the principles of localization in the approach to
neurological diseases
• Perform a complete neurological examination
• Undergo OSCE satisfactorily
Date Day Section Lecture Lecturer
January 6, 2021 M ABC Start of Second Semester
Symptom Medical
Demographic
onset and History and
s
development PE
Incidence and
Family
Social History Prevalence of
History
diseases
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF
NEUROLOGIC DISEASE
Genetic-
Infectious Traumatic Degenerative
Congenital
Metabolic
Vascular Toxic • Inherited Neoplastic
• Acquired
Inflammatory
Psychogenic Iatrogenic
-Immune
CATEGORIES OF
COMMON COGNITIVE
MISTAKES IN ARRIVING
AT A DIAGNOSIS
- Framing Effect
Excessive weight put on a specific initial data of the presentation of the problem
-Anchoring Heuristic
Initial impression can not be adjusted to accommodate new data
- Availability Heuristic
Recent Experience influences the diagnosis of the present case
- Representative Heuristic
Lack of appreciation of the frequency of the disease
- Blind Obedience
Undue deference to authority or to the results of a laboratory test
“Unusual Presentation of
Common diseases are more
frequently encountered than Usual
Presentation of Rare Diseases.”
NEUROLOGIC HISTORY
Cortic
Mental al
Status brain
THE PARTS OF THE NEURO EXAM
Cranial
Cranial nerves/
nerves brainste
m
THE PARTS OF THE NEURO EXAM
CN I
CN II
UMN LMN
Cortical – motor
Anterior horn cell
cortex BA 4
Neuromuscular
Subcortical – IC/BG
junction
Subcortical -
brainstem
muscle
Joint position,
touch, temperature,
vibratory ,tactile
pain receptors discrimination
Station, walking,
Vestibulocerebellum
tandem gait
and spinocerebellum
cerebellum
cortical
THE PARTS OF THE NEURO
EXAM
QUESTIONS TO BE
ANSWERED
Where is What is
Is there a
the the
lesion?
lesion? lesion?
READING
ASSIGNMENT
Enjoy neurology!!!