MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

(MIL)
Types of M e d i a

Media Convergence
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Identify different t y p e s of m e d i a .
• Define m e d i a c o n v e r g e n c e and its types
 W5-TYPES OF MEDIA
Developing media literacy involves navigating a wide
variety of media that our society uses to share and transfer
information. Currently, the modern generation has inherited
many varied types of media that were prominent in their
heyday and still serve a purpose today. Just as well, new
types of media continue to emerge as technology continues
to be developed.
W h a t is media?
M edia

 the plural form of

“medium”

 m e a n s of co m m unication
Types of Media
Print Media
Broadcast Media
Film/ Cinema
Video Games (Digital Games)
New Media
PRINT MEDIA
 PRINT MEDIA
Print Media – is one of the oldest and basic forms of
communication. Media consisting of paper and ink,
reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally
mechanical. It includes newspapers, magazines,
newsletter, banners & graphics, books and other forms
of printed material.
EXAMPLES OF PRINT MEDIA
Books are the oldest form of print media
that are used as a way of communication
and information piece. They give an
opportunity to writers to spread their
knowledge about a particular subject to
the whole world. They are a diverse
platform comprising varied topics that
include literature, history, fiction stories,
and many more, that not only increase
our knowledge but also entertain us.
 EXAMPLES OF PRINT MEDIA
Newspapers are the most popular form
of print media. generally delivered at
home, or are available at newsstands,
and it is the most inexpensive way to
reach a huge mass of people quickly.
Different types of newspapers cater to
various audiences, and one can select
the particular category.
A newspaper is divided into various segments containing current
events, sports, food, entertainment, fashion, finances, politics,
advertisements, informative articles, and so on.
EXAMPLES OF PRINT ME DIA
Magazines provide detailed
articles on various topics, like
food, fashion, sports, finance,
lifestyle, and so on. Magazines
are published weekly, monthly,
quarterly, or annually, and many
of them are sold all over the
world.
EXAMPLES OF PRINT MEDIA
A brochure, also known as
pamphlet, is a kind of booklet
that contains the details of the
company, or organization.
Generally, brochures are for
takeaway, so as to keep the
brand in the mind of the
audience.
EXAMPLES OF PRINT MEDIA

Billboards have mostly become

digital, but they qualify under the
category of print media―after all,
the advertisements are printed
on the billboard. These include
text and graphics―mostly as a
combination―so as to make it
more appealing.
 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRINT M E D I A
1. A proponent of literacy – print media is essentially written
media. One must be able to read to patronize print. By requiring
literacy. Print media also promote it.
2. Portable – print media is the most portable platform of media. Its
size and weight allow people carry everywhere.
3. Independent form of media - unlike other form of media, print
does not require separate medium or technology to transmit or
receive information.
4. Structure – correct grammar and proper sentence construction is a
must in print media. Arranging material to follow layout is required
before publishing. The structure is given emphasis in print media.
BROADCAST MEDIA
 BROADCAST MEDIA
Broadcast Media - These types do not rely on the production
and distribution of physical copies as much as print media
does because they distribute their messages “over the air”.
Additionally, because their programming can be viewed by
multitudes at once, broadcast media like radio and television
have been traditionally accepted as the most efficient way to
transmit messages. These medias reach target audiences using
airwaves as the transmission medium.
 BROADCAST MEDIA
Integration of the Internet has increased the pressure on
broadcast media groups to deliver high quality information
with minimum cost. To control costs, improving operations
is more important for these groups now than ever before -
this includes streamlining processes such as transmission
and infrastructure management, content development,
studio management and news operations.
 Broadcast

Examples:
Radio
 The Characteristics 0f Broadcast Media
Radio is a tool that user’s voice, sound, and music. These
are called the element of radio. Because it lack visual
elements producer information in radio back on these three
element to attract attention and convey the message.

Two types of radio format in terms of frequency:

• A M ( Amplitude modulated ) radio

• FM ( Frequency Modulated ) radio
A m radio offers variety of station that
features different programs format.
1.Dramatic
2.Non-dramatic program
a)News and com m entary
b)Talk show
c)Counseling
d)Educational
e)Informative
 Broadcast

Examples:
Television
Television can considered a s the m o s t powerful med i u m in the m a s s
communication. It h a s a complete feature. It offer both sight a n d sound.
It is more convenient to the audience in terms of exposure a n d
participant.
Television p r o g r a m fo rm at are a l m o s t
similar to the radio form at In radio
3. D r am a ti c format
a) D r a m a s eries
Television h a s t w o m a i n e l e m e n t s :
b) D r a m a especial
1. Audio, s o und , music, voice
2. N o n dramatic p r o g r a m
2. Video or visual – f o o t a g e , graphics,
c) N e w s a n d public affair p r o g r a m
a n d text
d) Talk show, debate, d i s cu s s i o n p r o g r a m
e) Contest, quiz show, g a m e s h o w p r o g r a m
f) Educational
g) Informative
h) Variety p r o g r a m
FILM/ CINEMA
 FILM/ CINEMA
Film has evolved, from black-and-white “moving
pictures” with no sound to highly sophisticated color
movies, especially with the advent of digital cinema.
This form of media originally recorded images onto
the celluloid strips that give it its name. It is generally
used for storytelling purposes, although shorter
instructional videos are also common.
 VIDEO GAMES (DIGITAL
Compared GAMES)
to the previous three types of media, video games are a
relatively young type, first coming into vogue in the 1970s. From early,
simplistic point-and-shoot or beat-em-up gameplay, modern video
games are almost cinematic affairs. The most notable examples
incorporate extended visualized storytelling and feature a wide range
of topics and themes. Notably, its output and design limits are further
tested every few years due to the brisk development of the
technology that drives it. Mobile games, playable on smartphones, are
currently as popular as their older console-based cousins.
 VIDEO GAMES (DIGITAL
GAMES)
Also called computer games or digital games,
refers to a variety of interactive games played
on different display platforms, for example gaming
device, television, or mobile device.
EXAMPLES
 NEW MEDIA
▪ New media, as the name suggests, is another young, growing type of
media that has come into being with the advent of modern technology.
It is usually digital and Internet-based. It is also interactive, with two-way
communication (in the form of comments, Likes, tweets, among others)
usually being central to its design. Interestingly, older-media forms have
found new-media life. Blogs (web logs), audio and video streaming
services, and online versions of newspapers are prominent examples of
new media. Social media is also a part of new media known today and is
perhaps the example with the most potential.
 NEW MEDIA
▪ products and services that provide information
or entertainment using computers or the
internet, and not by traditional methods such as
television and newspapers
▪content organized and distributed on digital
platforms.
(http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/new-media)
 NEW MEDIA
▪digital media that are interactive,
incorporate two-way communication and
involve some form of computing
(
http://online.seu.edu/what-is-newmedia/#sthash.ltGgt2ed.dpuf
)
NEW MEDIA
BLOGGING PLATFORMS
SOCIAL MEDIA
STREAMING MEDIA SITES
STREAMING SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES
 ASSESSMENT
I- Key Type. Write “P” for print media, “B” for
broadcast media , “F” for film, and “N” for new media.
1. ABS- CBN TV Patrol aired on channel 2
2. Harry Potter Complete Series Boxed Set Collection
3. Promotional poster uploaded in Facebook
4. Media and Information Literacy textbook
5. Don’t Let Me Down by The Chainsmokers in
Spotify
I- Key Type. Write “P” for print media, “B” for broadcast
media , “F” for film, and “N” for new media.
6. 24- Oras news program uploaded on YouTube
7. One Punch-man manga uploaded in My Manga
website
8. Jason Bourne movie shown in theaters
9. Philippine Daily Inquirer news paper
10. 7 Years by Lukas Graham played on 90.7 Love Radio
Lesson 2- Media Convergence
Different types of media have traditionally carved
out separate niches, usually based on their
different features and strengths. However, over
time we have seen the lines between media types
blurring. The coming together of media types, and
their related industries, is known a called media
convergence.
While the word “convergence” literally means an
intersection, or a meeting of distinct forces, its
meaning and power applies differently here. Media
theorist Henry Jenkins (2006) points out that
“convergence is a word that manages to describe
technological, industrial, cultural and social
changes.”
Media convergence refers to merging diverse
media outlets, including traditional and new
media, to promote the program and media
content. The traditional and new media have
been merged to adjust to new technology.
The Encyclopedia Britannica
notes that the interconnection
brought on by media
convergence involves three
C’s:
• computing
• communication
• content​
 Jenkins five types of convergence:
1. Technological convergence is perhaps the
most common way to point out convergence
in action. Here, the lines of traditional
media types blur as technology makes it
possible for media content to be supported
on media types and platforms​. Television
shows and radio programs, for instance, are
no longer exclusively accessible via
television sets and radios.
Technological convergence, in general, refers to
the trend or phenomenon where two or more
independent technologies integrate and form a
new outcome. One example is the smartphone. A
smartphone integrated several independent
technologies—such as telephone, computer,
camera, music player, television (TV), and
geolocating and navigation tool—into a single
device.
Examples of technological convergence:
 Smartphones that can be used as GPS devices, music
players, and cameras
 Televisions that can be used as computer monitors
 Watches that can be used as fitness trackers and music
players
 Home assistant devices that can be used as intercoms,
alarms, and speakers
2. Cultural convergence includes a number of key aspects
of cultural convergence. One is the “flow” of stories from
one format to another​, which can be seen in adaptations
such as the Mars Ravelo print comic books being adapted
into television series and films; radio dramas that become
comic strips ; even amusement park rides that become
film franchises.
Another aspect of cultural convergence is participatory
culture—that is, the way media consumers are able to
annotate, comment on, remix, and otherwise influence
culture in unprecedented ways. The video-sharing
website YouTube is a prime example of participatory
culture. YouTube gives anyone with a video camera and
an Internet connection the opportunity to communicate
with people around the world and create and shape
cultural trends.
3. Organic convergence is the natural
outcome of a world filled with diverse media
types​. Jenkins also calls this social
convergence​, or “media stacking”. Not so
much a “planned” convergence as a type that
“simply happens” by nature​, organic
convergence can be seen in cases where a
person is using their smartphone to send
messages or browse the Internet while
watching television, or reading a newspaper
while a radio program plays in the
background.
4. Global convergence is an arguably inevitable effect of
media bridging the gap between geographically distant
cultures and peoples is having these cultures influence
each other.
 Global Convergence is the international circulation of
media content. It is a process of different cultures
influencing one another, despite the physical distance
separating them.
The United States’ “Hollywood” filmmaking culture has
inspired similar styles to grow in India (Bollywood) and
Nigeria (Nollywood), despite each of those countries
being quite distant from the others.
The advantage of global convergence is access to a wealth
of cultural influence; its downside, some critics posit, is the
threat of cultural imperialism, defined by Herbert Schiller
as the way developing countries are “attracted, pressured,
forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions
to correspond to, or even promote, the values and
structures of the dominating centre of the system (White,
2001).” Cultural imperialism can be a formal policy or can
happen more subtly, as with the spread of outside influence
through television, movies, and other cultural projects.
5. Economic convergence refers to the linking of companies and
businesses to media. Media companies and properties became
visibly profitable and prominent enough to catch larger
companies’ attention. These days, it is not unusual for a parent
company to have stakes in many different media industries.
Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation has its hands in cable
television, broadcasting, book publishing, and film, among others.
One important area of concern regarding convergence and
its surrounding cultural shifts is the way people, whether
individuals or groups, are portrayed. Media sends
messages, and sometimes these are subtle and implied.
The news media in particular is deeply concerned with
fairness and thus, the avoidance of bias. Social media,
where most of the participatory culture finds itself, is not
so tightly regulated beyond some ground rules set by the
companies running the social media platforms like
Facebook and Twitter.
 Check Your Understanding
1. Define convergence as it relates to mass media and
provide some examples of convergence you’ve
observed in your life.
2. Describe the five types of convergence identified by
Henry Jenkins and provide an example of each type
that you’ve noted in your own experience.
3. How can global convergence be potentially
disadvantageous to countries that experience it?